Definition of theory

Is a systematic set of statements and assumption about

Relationship Principles and Data designed to explain behavior and events.

Freudian theory emphasis the biological and maturational components of development with an invariant sequence to development for everyone.

Freud studied psychology of sex from birth through adolescent in five stages. He referred all stages to sex and believed that sex not only derived during puberty but it emerged since birth

Includes the conscious and unconscious, controls the sexual energy (libido) and release it through instinctual impulses and reflexes

Libido is the pleasure principle, or basic

psychic energy or sexual energy only, or the life instinct, as the only source of energy for the id.

The Id functions through the primary process which entails gratification for every wish and desire through the erogenous zones of the mouth, anus and genital organs for pleasure which is called pleasure principle.

Pleasure principle only concerned with what brings immediate personal satisfaction regardless of physical or social implications. Id impulses tend to be socially unacceptable.

Develops during the first two years of life; primary job is to satisfy the id impulses in an appropriate manner by taking consequences into consideration. Mediates between the real world and the desires of the Id, this process called Reality principles.

Develops between 4-5 years of age and becomes the childs conscious of what is right or wrong.

The super ego is perfectionistic, seeking to inhibit the antisocial desire and leads to feeling of guilt and shame.

How it works

Id

Functions on pleasure principle Immediate gratification of needs to reduce tension & discomfort regardless of consequences Functions on idealistic principle Our moral guide/conscience Influenced by internalizing our parents values & the voice of society Works against the Id by inflicting guilt

Superego

Ego

Functions on reality principle Serves to balance the demands the Id and the Superego Assesses what is realistically possible in satisfying the Id and/or Superego (i.e., what society will deem acceptable) Ego uses defense mechanisms to protect itself

Personality is result of the battle for control between id, ego & superego

Oral Stage (Birth to 1 yrs)

The oral region (mouth, lips and tongue) is the main source of satisfaction or pleasure. Infants gain pleasure through sucking and late biting which are both oral activities. The infants is (ego-centric) and the Id process is pleasure principle and unable to tolerate a delay in gratification. Care givers help children to delay gratification of their needs and communicate their needs in socially acceptable ways.

The anal stage (1-3 years)

The anal stage of mativational development is characterized by the childs central area of bodily concern in the rectum. Bowel movements become a source of pleasure to the child. The child become increasingly aware of his ability to regulate and modify his excretory and digestive function.

The child derives enjoyment and pleasure form increasing control over bodily functions as well as from his developing autonomy. Toilet training is the major developmental task of this period so, the child is able to withhold or expel fecal material at will. The ego process the reality principles (I will give up an immediate pleasure to gain another pleasure later).

The phallic stage (3-6 years)

The childs central interest shifts to the genital region. Sexual gratification becomes more erotic during this time as evidenced by the childs masturbation; actual manipulation of the genitals

Freud believed that the increased awareness in the male of his sexual organs leads him to subconsciously desire his mother. In addition the male child grow envious and resentful of his father and wishes to replace him as the object of his mothers love. The situation is called the Oedipus complex.

Oedipus complex: boys

discovers that his penis is a source of pleasure result: feels hatred, jealousy, and competition toward his father and fears castration resolves the complex by by identifying with his father

Similarly, a female undergoes a complex wherein she desires her father and vivals with her mother for her fathers affections. This is called The electra complex. EXAMPLE: Oedipus complex: girls

penis envy: girl discovers that she does not have a penis and feels a loss loss makes her turn against her mother and develop sexual desires for her father resolves fixation by identifying with her mother

Electra complex: girls penis envy: girl discovers that she does not have a penis and feels a loss loss makes her turn against her mother and develop sexual desires for her father resolves fixation by identifying with her mother

Latency period (6-12 years)

The period of latency is characterized by indifference to se4xually related matters. During this time, the childs identification with the parent of his own sex becomes stronger

The child imitates his or her behavior speech, gestures, as well as beliefs and value systems.

The child incorporates more and more of the beliefs and values of his culture.

The super ego is developing to a greater extent (the child comes to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior in his society). This period marked also by the fact that children seek associations (or playmates) of their own sex.

Genital phase or stage (12-18 years)

The period is similar to the anal stage. There is a renewed interest and pleasure drive from excretory activity that he or she seeks to fulfill through relationships with other people In addition to masturbation takes place and is engaged in much more frequently at this time than during the anal stage.

Child makes contact and forms relationships with members of the opposite sex. The super ego undergoes further development and becomes more flexible, the individual realize that some rules are less vital than others. Consequently, his behavior will reflect this, he accepts some rules or norms and makes exceptions to others.