Mexican Association of Communication Researchers (AMIC) Faculty of Communication Sciences at the Autonomous University of Coahuila AMIC XXIV National

Meeting 2012 Research Communication and its social impact. Analysis on the construction of field of study and knowledge production GI: "Civil Society, Participation and Alternative Communication"
________________________________________

Job Title

"INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA AGENDA ON IMMIGRATION TAMAULIPAS"

author

Maestro Jorge Alfredo Lera Meja / *

jorgeleramejia@hotmail.com ; jorge_lera@yahoo.com

Institution of origin

Multidisciplinary Academic Unit Law and Social Sciences "FHG" Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT) ________________________________________

/ * Economics from ITAM, LAE by the UAT, Master in Economics from the UAT, PhD student in Public Administration from the UAMDCS-UAT (2010-2012) ________________________________________

Topic presented within the seminar "Communication and Politics" given by Dr. Meliton Guevara Castillo, and selected based on the protocol of Thesis: "Migration and remittances from Tamaulipas: If Tula Tamaulipas" ________________________________________

Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico, February 24, 2012. Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, 24 to 26 May 2012.

Job Title "INFLUENCE OF THE MEDIA AGENDA ON IMMIGRATION TAMAULIPAS" Author: Jorge Alfredo Lera Meja

Abstract: This essay is a case study about communication as part of the processes of participation and inclusion of civil society projects, tasks and development programs within the immigration issue in the border region of Tamaulipas. The research question is: What is the influence of media on the migration agenda of Tamaulipas?. The work presents a critical review of the various press releases that characterize how the national and local media address the phenomenon of migration and the problems of Tamaulipas. The research method of the study of migration and its relationship with the media is focused through a literature review, arguing on how conventional forms of media analysis operatively have been replicated in studies that treat this under study, ignoring the contextual conditions that define the current migration. The main finding is that national and Central American migrants have stigmatized them as "criminals" and "illegal" instead of being considered as productive citizens who seek to be taken into account to get a legitimate job in Mexico or the United States, identifies the abuse they suffer in transit through Tamaulipas, affected their human rights, discrimination, high kidnapping, rape, organized crime induction and even possible death. Keywords: Communication, international migration, criminals migrant, human rights. Introduction The purpose of this essay monograph is to highlight some of the most salient features of the migration agenda and its relationship with the media and national security, about its application in Mexico and Tamaulipas, especially when it comes to immigration as a country field of origin, transit and destination in the international mobility of people. Collaterally, succinctly addresses a new phenomenon, which goes along with migration and young Mexicans and Central Americans has become a national security issue, being co-opted to recruit thugs like hawks or cartels the drug, either voluntarily or involuntarily. From these ideas provides an analysis of the various publications on migration in the various media of mass communication (mass media) and a map of risks from different perspectives can guide decision-making on actions to be taken to counter these threats, according to criteria to locate care priorities. Finally, we review possible actions to initiate or strengthen feasible through the media, by the immigration authorities / and educational, to help reduce the risks considered.

The case study on communication and migration within the processes of participation and inclusion of civil society, part of the following research question: What is the influence of media on the migration agenda of Tamaulipas?. The work presents a critical review of the various press releases that characterize how the national and local media address the phenomenon of migration and the problems of Tamaulipas.

This work is inspired paradigms in research and academic analysis, as in the first chapter that includes the history of migration to United States, cited recent figures from the same (Laborde, 2010), the second chapter, is defined the mass media (mass media). according to a wikipedia article (2012), quoting Labrn Elgueta (2009) in the third chapter sets out the main theoretical approaches to migration and the media in the fourth, are cited ideas expressed by Ricardo Jimenez (2009), on structural conditions of media and migration, are taken into account opinions of Central leading media mentioned in chapter five, in the sixth chapter addresses the issue of national security and the media key point is the seventh paragraph, which is made the media content analysis of ten media (Cogo, 2005), ending with the conclusions where there is a need to make a migration agenda in Tamaulipas with the support of the media. 1. Background migration to United States In the United States of America (USA), the issue of immigration is particularly complex. There are currently about 29.2 million Latin American immigrants who constitute the second largest minority in the country composed of many minorities. These immigrants come: 58.7% from Mexico, Central America 15.1%, 11.4% of South America, 10.1% and 4.8% of Cuba Dominican Republic. The rate of decomposition and Central America: El Salvador 6.4%, Guatemala 3.1%, Nicaragua 2.3%, Honduras 1.5%, Panama 1.2%, other 0.7%. The presence of Mexicans and Mexican descendants or "Hispanic" as Americans call it, directly affects the social composition of the country and makes this win minority areas in all media (Laborde, 2010). This data can complement a study by the Pew Hispanic Center recently released its report "Mexican-Americans in the United States", 2007. According to the Pew Hispanic Center, the Mexican population it represents, for 2007, 64.3% of the total Hispanic population residing in the United States, it amounts to 29.2 million according to Census Bureau American Community SurveyLA.

2. Mass media Mass media or mass (term is also often used directly in English, mass media) media are received simultaneously by a large audience, equivalent to the mass sociological concept or the concept of public communication.

The purpose of these media is, according to the formula coined specifically for television, train, inform and entertain the public with access to them. Based on the interests they defend, seek economic benefit of the employer or business group that directs, usually concentrated in large groups of multimedia communication, and influence your audience ideologically and through advertising. Mass communication is the name given to the interaction between a single sender (or communicator) and a massive receiver (or hearing), a large group of people simultaneously satisfy three conditions: be great, be diverse and be anonymous. The mass media are only instruments of mass communication and the communicative act itself.

The mass media are attributed to a society and a very specific way of life, such as mass society, which has its origin in the modern age and is characterized by the industrial revolution, which produces agricultural abandonment for industry and services, large population movements including rural depopulation, mechanization of labor, which makes machines to replace the artisans. The great social changes of the industrial society are accompanied by a change in the individual view of the way of life, and the links between communities.

The history of the media is closely linked to technology development, economic development of the last hundred years has been to offer the general public, at ever lower prices, a series of products related to communication. From the golden age of print, when EUA newspapers were lowering their prices to become affordable for any worker, to the popularization of internet, facebook and twitter. The impact on society of this new form of communication has been very diverse, in part has reduced direct interpersonal communication and has facilitated the creation of public opinion. The media used in advertising and political propaganda direct or indirect.

We must distinguish, first, the media and socio-political institutions, and other content as symbolic material made up of different types of messages, distinguishing within them between information and opinion, entertainment and fiction, and advertising and propaganda. As part of this content reflected the

degree of influence, a term that must be understood in a social situation of collective life in which subjects of any group are required to relate to cooperate, so it is imperative that there is influence on each other to having to adapt to each other.

Greatly influenced by the opinions and habits of the people, are the target of governments and businesses. They have helped decisively to globalization, since they allow anyone to access information from anywhere at any time, and ever more rapidly, so have contributed to the expansion and standardization of cultural tastes world population. Are studied from many different disciplines, from sociology to economics, to art and philosophy.

The idea involves the use of influence, by the influencer, sufficient resources to impose its own will and judgment on the recipient or influenced. This is a mechanism either to strengthen attitudes, or the possibility of change in attitudes and behaviors, which can even affect the values and collective beliefs, small groups or large (nations). Although the processes of social and cultural influence have close relations with the effective exercise of power, are characterized by the absence of coercion even threat. The power is always characterized by their ability and resources to influence socially, that in mass society are intensified.

3. Main theoretical approaches of media and migration As presented, the media come into the discussion of migration, in a first direction, while structuring factor of globalization. This phenomenon implies in itself an object of study whose main hypotheses that seek to establish any contemporary trend of greater standardization in the description of the world and its happenings. An approach of this type seen for immigration concerns and the political economy of communication, should focus on the relationship between international flows, its poles and universal management of television and digital media especially in geographical areas more prone to migration. Research that is placed on the axes of push and pull migration (axes marked by gaps in access to rights, governance, etc.) investigating the relationship between the emission, its relationship with local identities and the actual consumption of the public ( Labrn Elgueta, 2009, p. 3).

In a scene of dis-location / relocation, structural analysis of communication system, allows to account for choice of study focused on the impact of media on the decisions to emigrate: the relationship between migration - media, combined with the promise of a new horizon whose main experience of otherness is recognized

from the communication system. As posed (Appadurai, 2001), the media can provide images of satisfaction whose achievement is given outside the original territory, directing the mythic construction of a better future (American Dream), in that construction of difference developed. This perspective demands on one side two foci of study: the first level of the social production of communication and a second level of specific receipt.

It is common to observe that treatment of the media to migration in Mexico and Tamaulipas, is discriminatory. We speak of a prevailing trend in which there are honorable exceptions. Point is not that the media should not treat the issue of migration, as well as feasible, would be illegal and harmful to society. A healthy society, democratic and inclusive, can not be built in breach of the inalienable right to freedom of expression. However, it is true that, if we reflect on the responsibilities that the power they have in the public media, it also becomes an obstacle to achieving that society. 4. The current structural conditions of media and migration The fundamental problem with the media and its treatment of migration in Mexico, can be summed up in large determinants, structural, reinforcing and mutually interact. The lack of a culture of social responsibility of the media. So it is with the media. Yet our culture is moving in the parameters of the property. It is assumed that it frees the owner of any social responsibility in their use (Jimnez, 2009, p. 5). This results in a vicious circle, the media, people who decide and work in them, produce and "sell" messages discriminators and alarmist.

Will continue the fight on two fronts. One of the consciousness and culture, even harder to install the necessary concept of social responsibility of the media. They are increasingly affecting public opinion. However, there is something that each of us can do individually and collectively, which only requires an effort of selfresponsibility. That is, settle a "code of conduct" against the treatment of media migration. We can stop being passive subjects of the media, which come to us for information on migration, but which then cut and emit at its discretion treatments xenophobic, discriminatory and alarmist. It is important in the migration issue, which is actively taken into account the views of migrants themselves, which means they become a "forum of expression of the migrant," and that institutions like IMT INM and propose public policy media communication open and for the human rights of national and Central American migrants.

5. Opinion leaders on means of communication in Central Referring to the Workshop on "Communication and Migration in Central America and Mexico", held in Guatemala in 2008, journalist Silvia Serrano, published the following: "The objective is this study is to determine what rights migrants have in the process of international migration, analyze the current context of international migration and the role of media in the defense of human rights migrants. This issue is being addressed from the experiences of rights violations that Central American immigrants suffer as it passes through Guatemala and Mexico. " Also what rights deepen the media should promote in order to meet the migrants try to find how to improve treatment and coverage that is provided. According to the director of the master's (UCA), Jos Luis Benitez, "It seeks to improve the treatment of information, because sometimes promote news and information reproduced in any form of racism, discrimination." In addition, Diego Lorente, Sin Fronteras states that in the treatment of this subject the media give a criminalization of immigration. The president of the Journalists Association of El Salvador (APES), Seraphim Valencia, says to raise awareness of journalists and media. Also, try and influence the media to add it on your calendar as it gives very little coverage. "Today, these days, is the main aspect because if you give this vision is like criminalizing gateway prejudiced stereotypes of serious problems affecting migration without criminalizing things that vision can improve a lot," said Lorente. The president of the Apes said, basically, what you're trying to generate an awareness of communicators, to put the issue on the agenda of the media. In this way try to influence the subject from the media. Although the third of the population (Central) has migrated, this issue does not weigh in the media. 6. National security, migration in Mexico and the media Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, illegal migration is identified as a potential threat to United States, the possibility that terrorist groups seek to penetrate undetected, using the means and routes by which hundreds of thousands of undocumented migrants are admitted annually in an unauthorized way there (Lera Mejia, 2011, p. 9).

The immediate reaction was "securitization of migration" through strict security measures at international airports, which meant a thorough monitoring passengers

on flights at airports of arrival and origin, especially when involving an eventual arrival to the United States . Along with this, the United States' land borders with Canada and Mexico raised its relevance to possible terrorists in the mood hospitalizations occur due to these neighborhood spaces. In this sense, a negative side effect of September 11 has been a resurgence of anti-immigrant policy in the United States, which had a significant impact on Mexico's northern border and continues to show its effects in the longer term deferred immigration reform in the United States.

Thus, it is emphasized that migration is a threat to United States and Mexico, with the idea that potential terrorists may try to sneak into the country with undocumented migrants (Cornelius, 2007). However, the risk assessment that may represent migrants to national security must be in a calm and realistic, without neglect or paranoia.

First of all, it is necessary to question whether both the United States and Mexico the idea that migration is a threat to national security may be a case of xenophobia masked. That is, the edges on the links between migration and national security may promote the exacerbation of discriminatory, racist or xenophobic, here and there. For example, we wonder whether immigration controls extremes are the right tool to combat potential terrorist hospitalizations in the mood (Artola, 2006). The activities of drug trafficking groups are also at particular risk for border security, for its activities and the fight for control of territories or areas of operation, can generate an atmosphere of violence that could become a source of foreign intervention.

Within this discussion of national security and migration, it should highlight the role and should play the media, in order to cushion the negative effects of terrorism, migration and the criminalization of same, to the governments of United States and Mexico. The media should move from being passive to proactive actors, which influence the media agenda immigration supporting migrants in a deal of respect for human rights and migration institutions, show an immigration policy transparent, reinforced through the mass media (mass media). Even, show the public that the immigration issue is not a "national security problem" but a poverty problem that needs to be attended by federal, state and municipal levels.

7. Analysis of media coverage of recent migrations in Tamaulipas This chapter presents the results on the strategies of media coverage of recent migration in the context Tamaulipas developed between January 2010 and February 2012. They use the same research method applied by Denise Cogo (Cogo, 2005, p. 3-4, 7-9) of Brazil. The methodology is the combination of discourse analysis procedures of a set of 397 news media of different genres (information, opinion, report, interview) published by four national media, four and two websites state of Tamaulipas. From the combination of the methodological procedure, orient the analysis of empirical material obtained for understanding the presence and influence of the arrays in newspaper production processes and the re-actualizations of cultural imagery about migration, criminalization and media note.
ANALISIS MEDIATICO DE 10 MEDIOS Y 397 NOTICIAS MIGRATORIAS

Medio de comunicacin con temas migracin

Medios nacionales (ene 2010 - feb 2012) Peridico El Universal www.eluniversal.com.mx OEM (El Sol) www.oem.com.mx Peridico Excelsior www.excelsior.com.mx Peridico La Jornada www.lajornada.com.mx Medios estatales (Tamaulipas) Peridico El Expreso www.conexiontotal.com.mx Peridico El Mercurio www.elmercurio.com.mx Peridico El Diario www.eldiariodevictoria.com.mx Peridico El Grfico www.elgrafico.com.mx Pginas electrnicas Tamaulipas Hoy Tamaulipas www.hoytamaulipas.net Gaceta www.gaceta.mx TOTAL

Nmero de Noticias
No. 65 57 49 41

Porcentaje
%

0.16372796 0.14357683 0.12342569 0.10327456 0.53400504 0.11335013 0.08564232 0.06549118 0.04785894 0.31234257 0.09571788 0.05793451 0.15365239
1.00000000

45 34 26 19

38 23 397

Of all the news published that were collected, 77.7% focused migration of contemporary character, constituted mainly by those texts that focus on current migratory movements aimed at the United States, while 22.3% of the news, thematize migrations historic character. Targeted media, 53.4% were immigration issues notes of four national media, 31.2% of Tamaulipas media notes, and 15.4% notes in electronic portals widespread migration of Tamaulipas. In these two modalities migratory is also associated identification in the texts analyzed, a list of experiences and / or migration, whose main types are set forth below.

Modalidad de temas de migracin (ene 2010 feb 2012) Criminilazacin de la migracin

Secuestros y homicidios de migrantes por el crimen organizado Informes sobre bandas de trfico de migrantes (polleros) Datos sobre captura de inmigrantes de Centroamrica Informes de ONGs respeto al migrante (Solalinde, Marcha por la Paz, etc.)

Porcentaje

40.00
37.00 29.00 23.00 11.00

Estadsticas sobre deportaciones de EUA a travs de frontera Tamaulipas Datos sobre recepcin de remesas y programas institucionales 3X1 Informes oficiales sobre Programa Paisano Notas sobre Casas del migrante (apoyos, cifras, ancdotas, etc.) Reportajes sobre fenmeno de migracin (peridicos, revistas, radio y TV) Propaganda oficial del Instituto Nacional de Migracin y similares en Estados TOTAL

21.00 16.00 11.00 07.00 03.00 02.00 100.00

For matrices cultural referents and understand processes that occur from entanglement, interaction, combination and a variety of disputes involving repertoires and experiences derived from the ethnic identity of the rural, the urban, gender, generation of , etc.., constituting socioculturally situated subjects. These processes shape and reshape the socio-cultural dynamics and identity contemporary experiences may converge.

In our analysis, the presence and cultural intertwining of these matrices are considered both from its embodiment in media texts on migration collected in the sample of 397 migrants from 10 news media, as from its effects in the contexts which are generated in these texts, that is, in the process of news production on migration, which involved a multiplicity of social actors.

Both approaches enable us to build perceptions of how these cultural matrices act on the one hand, in the constitution of values, news selection and construction of journalists (Trachis, 2002, p. 186-187), as one instance in which professionals "operate a selection and construction of what is selected," or built in the design of Stuart Hall (Hall, V.7, No.1, 2002) "a cultural map of the social world." And, secondly, to what extent these matrices cross also news frames designed as "central organizing idea that makes sense of relevant events and suggesting what is at issue, resulting in definitions of social reality offered to receptors. As part of these logics of newsworthiness, the weight of the voices of government representatives, present in 35.5% of the texts, and other national bodies such as the police (14.5%), convened to discuss sources of migration , is equally revealing of the weight of the matrix of nationality in the selection and construction of news about contemporary migration.

From the role of the matrix of nationality, it is possible to understand, yet, the "criminalization" or "culture of violence" erupting as privileged sense of contemporary migration in counterpoint with the character of exaltation and glorification, which marks the production of senses of historical migrations calls when Mexico is like sending country of migrant rural / urban middle classes, and recipient of Central American immigrants in transit. The prospect of criminalization can operate as a "mechanism of maintenance of the borders", to the extent that, via the role of nations, immigrants are included in the public agenda from, for example, devices that give such name as illegal, clandestine, irregular, refugees, deported. Or even a semantic universe related to intolerance, violence, unemployment, invasion, avalanche, death, shipwrecks, accidents, isolation, prejudice, poverty, condemnation, control, deportation, expulsion, or arrest traffic. This mechanism works for one type of construction of meanings about immigration focused on the association between crime and place of origin of immigrants, as illustrated by the titles that follow.

The appointment of immigrants from their ethnic group membership or other countries, like other devices newsworthiness of migration, also serves to put in evidence the nationality and cultural matrix in the media construction of the phenomenon. It is common to hear claims against the leaders in the United States is treatment given to Mexican migrants, and not measured with the same requirement, to the treatment of INM immigration authorities provided to Central American migrants in transit through Mexico.

The terms immigrant and / or immigration, used in the texts that focus on historical and contemporary immigration, compete equally for the affirmation of different ways on the nationality and the very presence of that other immigrant, when analyzed from the methods of adjectives that tend to accompany them. Adjectives as illegal and clandestine associated with place of origin and nationality of the immigrants, as well as felonies or misdemeanors, are records that assume a regular occurrence and significant in the titles and body text of the contemporary built on immigration.

From this set of texts on contemporary migration to the United States-led, whole lexicon emerges directly related to the positioning of the different states of the American Union and the U.S. Congress. This lexicon compete to build and set directions around a matrix of regional integration that involves the reenactment of historical from experiences of intolerance, xenophobia and racism, or even a

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contemporary ideal of union or strength. Belonging to the lexicon, the term antiimmigration, one of the most reincidentemente reported in all the texts analyzed, seems to synthesize a preferential direction offered by the media related to the positioning of United States.

It is noteworthy, yet not significant incidence of the voices of immigrants themselves as sources of news related to these contemporary immigration in the European context. Besides that, contrary to what takes place in relation to historic migrations, these immigrants rarely deserve the construction of profiles that are highlighted humanized their daily life and cultural integration processes that are involved. Construction of major fault reports and profiles of immigrants and, especially, in the opinion programs of the Mexican media analyzed. Conclusions The role that news coverage of immigration-related phenomena play written media, contrary to what some may think, can be considered generally positive. That's one of the main findings from a large study led by Jaume Bofill Foundation and led by Professor Xavier turned UAB. This conclusion, although not the only, is in itself important, because often the media and information professionals are the target of critics who see no little concern that the everyday not just adjust to the vision of reality that we have and advocate. Clearly, as the same study shows that there are several areas for improvement in the treatment of information that immigrants receive. But in the same way that the conclusion would have highlighted in an opposite direction, it appears adjusted noted otherwise.

The issue is not minor, since the relevance of migration, its enormous complexity and its social consequences make any social construction of that reality and information campaign is a very important contribution to the social construction probably has a great influence in the future development of our society and especially in their level of social cohesion. Nobody should be surprised that the social image of immigration is largely indebted to the treatment informative media build day after day. Precisely because of this conviction is necessary to promote a reflection on the treatment of immigration information, emphasizing that the overall positive view with which I began this article may be necessary but not sufficient to address a reflection of this nature.

Probably one of the least obvious to a reader but more relevant in the deficits that lie in media coverage of immigration is "the permanent absence of the voice of immigrants in the construction information." Only rarely are immigrants in the

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information as subjects, with a voice and distinct personality. Exclusion is a subtle and probably unintentional, but that's not enough to avoid major consequences. The most important is that there is a vision of that reality, the star precisely the subjects that are the source of information, which can not be expressed. It is, so to speak, as if in a sports information the players, coaches and club managers could not make their opinion, their point of view, his perception. Clearly, the conditions attached to immigration hinder consolidation of social references to which to compare and ask opinion to incorporate parts information. But all these difficulties can not be taken as excuse for excluding immigrants themselves building information on immigration. The task is not easy but not impossible.

Regarding this fact, we are dealing with information that is given to information sources that feed the immigration-related coverage. If the information sources are exclusively their origin, as too often happens in police or judicial bodies, the result can be expected. It is clear that we should not demonize these sources, but the fact remains that most of the references that produce information related to issues that can relate, at least with social situations of conflict. One of the most difficult to justify and certainly more urgent to eradicate from our media is the constant tendency to etnificar certain criminal practices. We all remember the banda of "Zetas" who acted in August 2010, against 72 Central American migrants in San Fernando Tamaulipas graves found in the same direction, with more than 150 corpses, most migrants (2011), youth gangs extort migrants in border cities, and we could go with many other examples that lead us, consciously or not, to see, for example, a potential criminal in search of prey in any Central American or Mexican migrant. That the sources of information, or other police-play a tendency to simplification, stereotype behaviors at the assimilation of certain criminal proceedings with identifications of foreign nationalities, there is justification for playback in the media. At that point there is no argument from professionals or media companies to continue with this practice, unless you are under the effect of a total award to the amazing news.

The fact remains that the information on immigration also highlights the deficits that threaten too many newsrooms today. The tyranny of the immediate-partly by the pressure exerted by other means, which hinders the proper contextualization of information, lack of contrast of some information and the difficulty of having journalists in this area, greatly limit the result. In summary, treatment information on immigration there is no reason for pessimism, but clearly there is room for improvement.

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We believe that through an advertising campaign in the media in Mexico, you can promote migration and promoting it documented as a means of solving the problems that the state can not cope (Laborde Carranco, Sep.-Oct. 2011). The most common problems that cause an individual to migrate: poverty, unemployment, low wages, yes, lack of opportunities. The Mexican State is required to solve the problems of population, if not, the least you should do is provide security and protection for people seeking to migrate a solution to their problems. I think the Mexican government can search (new) destinations and negotiate agreements with some other countries for migrant Mexicans want to migrate. Must give a legal framework so that our countrymen do not suffer the common problems of migration, such as racism, discrimination, abuse of labor rights, among others. No doubt, good communication of this information policy will have to be present in the government strategy.

In our history, a history in which he advocated the interests of our countrymen abroad. The bracero program that Mexico signed with the United States in the 40's, 60's 50'sy which has with Canada (temporary agricultural workers) is a sample. In both cases, the informal channels of communication played a key role in promoting the two programs.

We believe that immigration policy and long-term planned with a good social media strategy could solve many problems that afflict our daily migrants, and the share of responsibility that falls on Central American migration and other countries in transit through Mexico . State migration policy to the outside long-term defined and must be on the agenda of the foreign policy of our country, gradually becoming an important instrument of the same.

Finally, to address some recent experiences problems migrant groups, particularly in the state of Tamaulipas, and the killing in August 2010 of 72 Central in the town of San Fernando, in the hands of members of the Zetas hitman, the Guatemalan rescue of 44 last February 8, 2011 in the border city of Reynosa, the problems caused by direct attacks against the people of the frontier city of Mier, November 2010, which caused an exodus of residents to Michael German, Mier being like a ghost town about 12 weeks, the labor situation experienced by the entity of Tamaulipas, which nonetheless generate sufficient jobs for its people, these are not sufficient, since many of these jobs, are used by immigrants from other states of the country, at best, or immigrants from Central America, in a worst case.

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Parallel to this problem is the fact that in Tamaulipas have more than half of the crossings on the northern border of Mexico with the United States, with 15 bridges on 320 kilometers of border with the State of Texas, reason why in these crosses is given the highest number of deportations of Mexican and Central American migrants by U.S. immigration authorities, with the single act of sending them to half of the bridges, so that the authorities of Tamaulipas and the Houses of Migrants have to attend to provide shelter and food, and if his own will, to assist the passage back to their hometowns. However, in most cases, these migrants decide to return to try again the crossing, and if unsuccessful, are left to lie in the border cities, only without security of decent jobs, so they become broth culture, to be used in informal employment activities in the best of the facts, but more recently, they are forced or convinced to join the ranks of organized crime, first as hawks (guards), then as assassins and finally as true specialized in criminal drug trade, trafficking, collecting dues, arms dealers, car theft to armed robbery, smuggling, etc.. These developments have made the state of Tamaulipas, mainly to its border with Texas, as one of the most violent states where current records, with the aggravation of the division of the 2 rival cartels in the region, who fight in the wild each corner of the state as a property right, directly affecting the civilian population, in this war that Mexicans and Tamaulipas not decide, making this action in a national security problem and quasi-absence of the rule of law.

This is where media owners, reporters and editors, along with immigration authorities and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), could be designed taking into account directly and by consensus, the views and proposals of the migrants and their known representations, the Immigration Agenda of Tamaulipas, which in the past two years has been one of the most serious attacks of insecurity and involvement of the most basic human rights of migrants from Mexico and other countries, mainly in Central America.

The main conclusion of this essay is that national and Central American migrants have stigmatized them through the media, and therefore in the public, as "criminals" and "illegal" instead of being regarded as productive citizens seek to be taken into account to get a legitimate job in Mexico or the United States, identifies the abuses they suffer in transit through Tamaulipas, affected their human rights, discrimination, high kidnapping, rape, inducement to organized crime and possible death.

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Bibliografa: Appadurai, A. (2001). La modernidad desbordada. Buenos Aires: FCE. Buenos Aires: FCE. Artola, J. (2006). Mxico y sus fronteras: migracin y seguridad . En C. Miranda Videgaray, & E. y. Rodrguez Chvez, Los nuevos rostros de la migracin (pg. 110). Mxico: INM/OIM/Gob. Chiapas. Cogo, D. (2005). Medios de comunicacin, migraciones e interculturalidad: anlisis de las estrategias de mediatizacin de las migraciones contemporneas en el escenario brasileo. Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: Unisinos. Cornelius, W. A. (2007). Una dcada experimentando con una poltica de control de la migracin no deseada. En E. Cabrera, Desafos de la migracin: saldos de la relacin Mxico-Estados Unidos (pg. 275). Mxico: Planeta. Hall, S. (V.7, No.1, 2002). The narrative construction of reality: an interview with Stuart Hall. Southern Review , 13. Jimnez, R. (2009). Migracin, medios de comunicacin y responsabilidad en Chile. Chile: Universidad de Santiago. Laborde Carranco, A. A. (Sep.-Oct. 2011). La migracin de mexicanos hacia el exterior: tres etapas histricas de Mxico, 1810, 1910, 2010 y el papel de los medios de comunicacin. Escenarios XXI, Ao II. Nm.11 . Laborde, A. (2010). Reflexiones sobre el fenmeno migratorio de los mexicanos en los Estados Unidos Vol. II. Mxico: Plaza. Labrn Elgueta, J. M. (2009). Migracin y medios de comunicacin: Elementos para su anlisis desde una perspectiva intercultural. Universidad Complutense de Madrid , 5. Lera Meja, J. A. (2011). Seguridad nacional y migracin en Tamaulipas. Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas: UAMDCSUAT. Traquina, N. (2002). Jornalismo. Lisboa: Quimera. Pginas electrnicas: Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre. Medio de comunicacin de masas, en: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medio_de_comunicaci%C3%B3n_de_masas; recuperado: (17 de febrero de 2012). Silvia Serrano Ayala, de la Redaccin Diario Co Latino, Lunes, 23 de Junio de 2008 en: http://www.diariocolatino.com/es/20080623/nacionales/56251/Medios-de-comunicaci%C3%B3n-ymigraci%C3%B3n.htm ; recuperado: 16 de febrero de 2012). Jordi Snchez (2008), Medios de comunicacin e inmigracin, El Pas; en: http://www.aulaintercultural.org/article.php3?id_article=748

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