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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The study intends to give idea in using fabric cotton as an alternative additive for concrete.

Specifically the study seeks to: 1. 2. 3. Find out the effectiveness of fabric cloth as an additive to concrete. Describe the components of fabric cotton that might be affecting the strength of the concrete. Determine if it is good to recommend as an additive to concrete.

OBJECTIVE:

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa.[1] Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The English name derives from the Arabic (al) qutn , which began to be used circa 1400 AD.[2] The fiber most often is spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and Pakistan. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that so lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today. Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the world's largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically. The United States has been the largest exporter for many years.[3

Uses

A display from a British cotton manufacturer of items used in a cotton millduring the Industrial Revolution.

Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; chambray, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans. In addition to the textile industry, cotton is used in fishing nets, coffee filters, tents, explosives manufacture (see nitrocellulose), cotton paper, and in bookbinding. The first Chinese paper was made of cotton fiber. Fire hoses were once made of cotton. The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonseed hulls can be added to dairy cattle rations for roughage. During the American slavery period, cotton root bark was used in folk remedies as an abortifacient, that is, to induce a miscarriage.[39] Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1/8 in (3 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool". This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses. The first medical use of cotton wool was by Dr. Joseph Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England. Shiny cotton is a processed version of the fiber that can be made into cloth resembling satin for shirts and suits. However, it is hydrophobic (does not absorb water easily), which makes it unfit for use in bath and dish towels (although examples of these made from shiny cotton are seen). The name Egyptian cotton is broadly associated with quality products, however only a small percentage of Egyptian cotton production is actually of superior quality. Most products bearing the name are not made with the finest cottons from Egypt. [40]

Fiber properties
Property Evaluation

Shape

Fairly uniform in width, 1220 micrometers; length varies from 1 cm to 6 cm ( to 2 inches); typical length is 2.2 cm to 3.3 cm ( to 1 inches).

Luster

high

Tenacity (strength) Dry Wet

3.05.0 g/d 3.36.0 g/d

Resiliency

low

Density

1.541.56 g/cm

Moisture absorption raw: conditioned saturation mercerized: conditioned saturation

8.5% 1525% 8.510.3% 1527%+

Dimensional stability

good

Resistance to acids alkali organic solvents sunlight microorganisms insects

damage, weaken fibers resistant; no harmful effects high resistance to most Prolonged exposure weakens fibers. Mildew and rot-producing bacteria damage fibers. Silverfish damage fibers.

Thermal reactions to heat to flame

Decomposes after prolonged exposure to temperatures of 150C or over. Burns readily.

Cotton fibers viewed under a scanning electron microscope

The chemical composition of cotton is as follows:

cellulose 91.00% water 7.85% protoplasm, pectins 0.55% waxes, fatty substances 0.40% mineral salts 0.20%

http://www.ehow.com/list_6389277_properties-cotton-fabric.html

Properties of Cotton Fabric

Cotton plants are harvested, and the cotton is manufactured into cotton fabrics.
Cotton fabric is one of the world's oldest known fabrics, dating back to ancient Egypt and prehistoric Mexico. Its mass-production began in the 1700s with the invention of the cotton gin. Cotton continues to be the most used fiber in the world and the most popular fabric for clothing in the United States. It is known for its softness, shrinkage, versatility and lightness. Related Searches:

Dye for Cotton Cotton Yarn

1. Versatility
o
Cotton fibers can be dyed any color, and are known for retaining color well. Cotton is also versatile and can be woven into cloth for several purposes. The fibers are made into fabric three different ways. A plain weave will produce simple, everyday fabrics. such as broadcloth. and mid-weight fabrics. such as chambray and gingham. Twill weaves make thick cloths like denim and khaki. A satin weave, which is not as popular, is used for other fabrics, such as sateen, which is considered more dressy.

Wrinkling
o
Most cotton fabrics wrinkle very easily. Cotton clothing must be ironed regularly to keep up its appearance. Many cotton clothing items are treated with a finish that helps the fabric resist wrinkling. If cotton is exposed to sunlight for extended periods of time, it can weaken, according to the Sewing and Craft Alliance sewing guide. .

Absorbency
o
Cotton absorbs liquid well, in a large capacity. Cotton fabric can absorb up to 27 times its weight in water, according to the Sewing and Craft Alliance sewing guide. This makes cotton clothing comfortable, because it absorbs sweat. It also explains why cotton is used for towels and washcloths.

Shrinkage

Cotton fabrics will shrink the first time they are washed. Some cotton clothes come pre-shrunk so shoppers will not have to worry about them getting smaller after the first wash. When sewing with cotton, the Sewing and Craft alliance recommends washing the fabric first, so that the finished product isn't damaged after washing.

Breathability
o
Cotton fabric allows air to flow through freely. The fabric absorbs sweat and releases it on its surface. This is often described as the fabric "breathing," and is considered an asset in clothing, particularly in warm climates.
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Read more: Properties of Cotton Fabric | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_6389277_properties-cotton-fabric.html#ixzz1nl0Yqs1o

Cotton
Natural fibre from plants. A strong to very strong fibre, its strength increases when wet. Cotton is inelastic. This is responsible for the wrinkling and the creasing of cotton garments. This inelasticity also prevents fibres from returning to their original position, sometimes resulting in bagginess. Cotton has good moisture absorbency, so is a comfortable fibre to wear. Cotton garments are dry-cleanable and machine washable.

FOREIGN LITERATURES (josh, eto ung link, kaw na ung pumili ng isasama, ayaw macopy lahat e, tnx! ) http://www.enset-oran.dz/sbeidco/Papers/86_Paper.pdf http://geosyntheticsmagazine.com/articles/wp10_nonwoven.html

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