Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010

Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. The following 28 multiple choice questions are worth 3 points each. Please CLEARLY write your answer in the left hand margin box.

1. Using the information in the abbreviated periodic table (above), how many neutrons does the nucleus of a nitrogen atom contain? a. 2 b. 7 c. 8 d. 14 e. 21 2. When two atoms are equally electronegative, they will interact to form a. equal numbers of isotopes. d. nonpolar covalent bonds. b. ions. e. ionic bonds. c. polar covalent bonds. 3. What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water? a. All increase when temperature hydrogen bonding. increases. d. All have to do with nonpolar covalent b. All are produced by covalent bonds. bonding. e. Both A and C are correct. c. All are properties related to

4. The figure above shows a solute molecule surrounded by a hydration shell of water. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water, the solute molecule is most likely a. positively charged. charged. d. hydrophobic. b. negatively c. neutral in charge. e. nonpolar. 5. Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake? -5 a. 1 x 10 mol of hydroxide ion per liter of lake water b. 1 x 10 mol of hydroxide ion per liter of lake water c. 5.0 M with regard to hydroxide ion concentration d. 9.0 M with regard to hydroxide ion concentration
-9

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. e. Both B and D are correct.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 6. Air temperature often increases slightly as clouds begin to drop rain or snow. Which behavior of water is most directly responsible for this phenomenon? a. water's change in density when it condenses b. water's reactions with other atmospheric compounds c. release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds d. release of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds e. water's high surface tension 7. Recent research suggests that side effects from Ritalin, the drug used to treat attention deficit disorder, may be caused by contamination of enantiomers, or molecules that a. have identical three-dimensional d. differ in the location of their double shapes. bonds. b. are mirror images of one another. e. differ in their electrical charge. c. lack an asymmetric carbon.

8. Consider the molecules given above. Which molecule contains a group that functions to transfer energy between organic molecules? 9. Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? a. Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks them down. b. Hydrolysis occurs during the day, and dehydration reactions happen at night. c. Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. d. Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions destroy them. e. Dehydration reactions occur in plants, and hydrolysis happens in animals.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text.

10. Identify the asymmetric carbon in the molecule shown above.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text.

11. What is the molecule illustrated above? a. a saturated fatty acid d. a common component of plant oils b. an unsaturated fatty acid e. similar in structure to a steroid c. a polyunsaturated triglyceride

12. At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the dipeptide (above) back to its component amino acids? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E 13. The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is -CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? a. Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. b. Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. c. Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein. d. Both serine and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. e. Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text.

14. The figure above best illustrates a. the primary structure of a protein. b. b 1-4 linkages in cellulose.

c. the double helix of DNA. d. the secondary structure of a protein. e. the twisting of a fatty acid chain.

15. The structural feature that allows DNA to replicate itself is the a. sugar-phosphate backbone. b. complementary pairing of the bases. c. phosphodiester bonding of the helices. d. twisting of the molecule to form an a-helix. e. three-part structure of the nucleotides. 16. The transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways is best called a. feedback b. bioenergetics. d. entropy. regulation. c. energy coupling. e. cooperativity. 17. Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics? a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. b. The entropy of the universe is decreasing. c. The entropy of the universe is constant. d. Kinetic energy is stored energy that results from the specific arrangement of matter. e. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 18. Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the a. free energy of the system. d. entropy of the universe. b. free energy of the universe. e. enthalpy of the universe. c. entropy of the system.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 19. Which of the following is the most randomized form of energy? a. light energy energy energy b. electrical energy d. mechanical energy c. thermal (heat) e. chemical potential 20. Which of the following would decrease the entropy within a system? a. dehydration b. hydrolysis d. digestion reactions c. respiration e. catabolism 21. In an organism, the energy available to do work is called free energy because a. it can be obtained with no cost to the system. b. it can be spent with no cost to the universe. c. the organism can live free of it if necessary. d. it is available to do work. e. it is equivalent to the system's total energy. 22. A solution of starch at room temperature does not decompose rapidly to a sugar solution because a. the starch solution has less free energy than the sugar solution. b. the hydrolysis of starch to sugar is endergonic. c. the activation energy barrier cannot be surmounted in most of the starch molecules. d. starch cannot be hydrolyzed in the presence of so much water. e. starch hydrolysis is nonspontaneous. 23. Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following? a. denaturation of the enzyme d. noncompetitive inhibition b. allosteric inhibition e. insufficient cofactors c. competitive inhibition 24. Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? a. ribosomes d. mitochondria b. lysosomes e. contractile vacuoles c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 25. Which of the following subcellular organelles is most likely to be involved in Pompe's disease, in which the liver is damaged by an accumulation of glycogen due to the absence of an enzyme needed to break down glycogen? a. lysosome c. mitochondrion e. peroxisome b. tonoplast d. Golgi apparatus

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 26. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through a. plasmodesmata. d. desmosomes. b. intermediate filaments. e. gap junctions. c. tight junctions.

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 27. Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This "tagging" of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track the location of these proteins in a cell. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme that is eventually secreted by pancreatic cells. Which of the following is the most likely pathway for movement of this protein in the cell? a. ER -> Golgi ->nucleus b. Golgi ->ER ->lysosome c. nucleus ->ER ->Golgi d. ER ->Golgi ->vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane e. ER ->lysosomes ->vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane 28. Cyanide binds with at least one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Following exposure of a cell to cyanide, most of the cyanide could be expected to be found within the a. mitochondria. c. peroxisomes. e. endoplasmic reticulum. b. ribosomes. d. lysosomes. The following four short answer questions are worth a total of 36 points. Please confine your answer to the space provided, lest you incur the wrath of the instructors. The space is sufficient for an excellent answer. 29. (5 points) The carbohydrates attached to some of the proteins destined for the plasma membrane are added as the proteins traverse the Golgi apparatus. On which face of the transport vesicle will the carbohydrates be located? Why? On the inner face. They will face out when they are incorporated into the plasma membrane.

30. (5 points) What is the physiological role of the organelle surrounded by a tonoplast?

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. 31. (4 points) The surface of Mars is being studied by the Rovers. One thing for which they are lookingis the presence of water. Why? Life as we know it on earth cannot exist without water, so the presence of water on Mars is an indicator of the possibility of life there.

32. (4 points) In a region of DNA, the nucleotide sequence is TAGGCCT. What is the sequence at this site in the other strand of DNA?

33.

(3 points each) Define each of the following with a phrase or brief sentence.

a. primary structure (of a protein) Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

b. prokaryote

Practice for the first hourly examination in BISC 220 February 2010
Answers are given for about half of the questions. Answers to the remaining questions are available in the text. c. emergent properties

d. kcal

e. pentanucleotide A chain of five nucleotides in phosphodiester linkage.

f. isotope