SKF Bearings

Rolling Element Bearings
Figure 11-1, Mechanical Engineering Design, Juvinall & Marshek
Bearing Terminology
Tapered Bore: Seat the bearing onto a tapered shaft or to accommodate a tapered sleeve which can be used to fix a bearing to a shaft. Shields or Seals: Between the inner and outer rings to capture lubricating grease around the balls and prevent intrusion of contaminants.( Z-shield ,RS-seal)-eg-61814-2RS1-two contact seals (NRB) Self Aligning: The inner ring can pivot so that the bore of the inner ring is not aligned with that of the outer ring, this accommodates shafts which are not perfectly aligned (concentric) with the outer ring of the bearing.
Bearing Terminology
Pure Radial and Pure Axial Loads: This indicates a bearings ability to sustain each of these kinds of loads in isolation. Combined Loads: Ability to sustain a radial and an axial load at the same time. Moment Load: This indicates a bearings ability to support a moment at right angles to the longitudinal shaft axis.
High Running Accuracy and High Stiffness: Some applications require a bearing which maintains the center of rotation of the shaft with extreme accuracy even when large loads are applied.
Bearing Terminology
Locating: If the inner ring of a bearing is axially locked to the shaft and the outer ring is axially locked to the housing, then the bearing is said to be locating since it prevents the shaft from moving axially w.r.t. the housing. Non-Locating: If either the inner or outer ring is not axially locked, the bearing cannot prevent the axial movement of the shaft. Axial Displacement: In some bearings, the inner and outer races are free to move axially w.r.t. each other. This kind of bearing cannot be used in a locating arrangement.
Bearing Terminology
Fig 122-124, Ball and Roller Bearings
Angle Of Contact
Figure 122a,b
Bearing Classification
Bearing Classification
Bearing Types & Loads

Deep Groove Ball Bearing
Pictures Courtesy of SKF General Catalogue, and SKF Rolling Bearings in Industrial Gearboxes
Deep Groove Ball Bearings Max axial load =.25*Co --.5*C0

Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Cylindrical Roller Bearing Axial load is governed by load capability Of sliding contact on flange function of lubricant, operating temp. and heat removal.

Spherical Roller Bearing

Tapered Roller Bearing

Angular Contact Ball Bearing

Thrust Taper Roller Bearing

Double-Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing

Four-Point Angular Contact Ball Bearing

CARB Bearing
Very high radial load carrying capacity No axial load carrying capacity Accommodates both axial motion and angular misalignment
L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

Norton fig 10-22
(10^6 revolutions)
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L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

The L10 rating life of a sufficiently large number of dimensionally identical bearings is expressed by the number of revolutions or number of hours at constant speed reached or exceeded by 90% of this bearing group before the first signs of material fatigue appear.
If design on L10 life chance of 10% failure at design life.
Can one do better. a 99% life rating =.21*L10 Life
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The Life Equation

L10 = Basic Life Rating in [revolutions x 106] C = Basic Dynamic Load Rating. This is the max. load at which 90% of the tested bearings will show no fatigue damage after 106 revolutions. This value is given in the bearing catalogue for every bearing type. Note: If a bearing is subjected to a basic dynamic load of C then there is a 90% confidence that it will survive to 106 cycles (L10=1)
P (upper-case) = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load. This is a measure of

the combined radial and axial load on the bearing. p (lower-case) = Exponent for Life Equation. 3 for ball bearings, 10/3 for roller bearings.
The Life Equation

C L10 = P
p
The Basic Life Rating can also be expressed in hours of operation:
L10 h
106 C = 60n P
where, n, is the rotational speed in rpm
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Dynamic Bearing Loads

P = XFr + YFa
P = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load Fr = the Actual Radial Load on the bearing Fa = the Actual Axial Load on the bearing X = the Radial Load Factor for the bearing Y = the Axial Load Factor for the bearing
Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads

P = XFr + YFa
Y will be LARGE for bearings which are unsuitable for axial loads. For example, SKF self-aligning ball bearings have values of Y as large as 6.1 Y will be SMALL for bearings which are suited to carry axial loads. For example, SKF taper roller bearings usually have Y values of 1.0
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Applicable Values of X and Y

Fa >e Fr
or
Fa <e Fr
Where, e, is a reference value which depends on bearing type and load magnitudes (see tables of specifications for bearings in SKF catalogue)
Applicable Values of X and Y
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Example
A self-aligning bearing is needed for a 20mm dia shaft. The shaft speed is 1200rpm and the bearing must operate for 3000hrs without maintenance. The radial load is 3000N and the axial load is 600N. Choose a bearing for this application.
Example
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Example
Self-Aligning Ball Bearings, (SKF Catalogue Pg. 155) Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads
P = Fr + Y1 Fa
where
Fa e Fr
when
P = 0.65 Fr + Y2 Fa
Fa >e Fr
Example
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Example
Example
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Example
Spherical Roller Bearings, (SKF Catalogue Pg. 245) Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads
P = Fr + Y1 Fa
where
Fa e Fr
when
P = 0.67 Fr + Y2 Fa
Fa >e Fr
Example
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Example
Example
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To make copy of SKF catalogue.---open up easy CD creator on machine next to scanner in DAPR Lab. open file SKFCAT then click on directory SKFIEC Make sure you copy with smart burn presets . Note-dont reconfigure each time if making more than 1 copy. To run catalogue , go to SKFIEC directory and click on SKFCD2 .
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NOTE ALL THE FITS LISTED IN BEARING BOOKS ARE CALCULATED FROM CSA/ISO STANDARDS FOR FITS OF MATING PARTS
Note-page 542 text-rolling element bearings are intended to have inner and outer races presfitted to shaft and housing page 9 SKF Cat.925As a general rule ,ball bearings should have an operational clearance which is virtually zero ,or there may be a slight preload .Cylindrical and spherical rollers should always have some residual clearance.
-design-assembly maintenance life-running accuracy-all may result in varied clearance or press fits.
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Snap Rings
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Bearing Arrangements
Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig. 295a-f, Pg. 250
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Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 295a-f, Pg. 250
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Adjustable Bearing Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig. 296 - Fig 301, Pg. 250
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Example
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Taper rollers
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Note these equations are only valid when Bearings are adjusted against each other with practically zero clearance , but without preload If you preload the bearings the axial forces will have to be determined. Best bet Call SKF To determine best coarse of action.
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Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 333, Pg. 294
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Floating Bearing Arrangements
Picture courtesy: Ball and Roller Bearing Arrangements, Theory Design and Application. Fig 302a-c, Pg. 254
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Bearing Arrangement s
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Bearing Arrangement s
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SKF Bearings

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SKF Bearings

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Rolling Element Bearings

Figure 11-1, Mechanical Engineering Design, Juvinall & Marshek

Fig 122-124, Ball and Roller Bearings

Bearing Types & Loads

Deep Groove Ball Bearings Max axial load =.25*Co --.5*C0

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

Bearing Types & Loads

L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

L10 Basic Bearing Life Rating

If design on L10 life chance of 10% failure at design life.

Can one do better. a 99% life rating =.21*L10 Life

The Life Equation

P (upper-case) = Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Load. This is a measure of

The Life Equation

The Basic Life Rating can also be expressed in hours of operation:

where, n, is the rotational speed in rpm

Dynamic Bearing Loads

Equivalent Dynamic Bearing Loads

Applicable Values of X and Y

Applicable Values of X and Y

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Floating / Locating Bearing Arrangements

Adjustable Bearing Arrangements

Adjustable Bearing Arrangements

Adjustable Bearing Arrangements

Adjustable Bearing Arrangements

Floating Bearing Arrangements

Floating Bearing Arrangements

Floating Bearing Arrangements

Floating Bearing Arrangements

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Deep Groove Ball Bearings Max axial load =.25Co --.5C0