Chemistry 1403 (Beer)

Columbia University

1403 - List of Handouts, Constants, Conversions, and Equations Exam 1 Handout: Periodic Table with atomic weights to four significant figures Constants: Avogadros Number, NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol Mass of electron, me = 9.109 x 10-31 kg Mass of proton, mp = 1.673 x 10-27 kg Mass of neutron, mn = 1.675 x 10-27 kg Electron charge, Qe = 1.602 x 10-19 C permittivity in a vacuum, o = 8.854 x 10-12 C2/ J m Conversions: 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-27 kg 10-10 m = 1 = 100 pm = 0.1 nm 1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J 1 Debye = 3.356 x 10-30 C m Equations: Q = charge Z = atomic no. r = distance between species D = bond energy e = charge on a electron = electronegativity = dipole moment V = potential energy Ek = kinetic energy F = force IE = ionization energy EA = electron affinity = difference between initial and final values Chpater 2 and 3 A = Aipi (A = atomic weight; p = fractional abundance) (IE1 + EA1) [Mulliken] = 0.102[DAB (DAA + DAB)]1/2 [Pauling] Fcoul = Q1Q2/4 or2 = - Ze2/4or2 V(r) = Q1Q2/4 or = - Ze2/4 or Etot = Ek + V = 1/2 me2 - Zeffe2/4or = Qr Lattice Energy, LE = kQ1Q2/r (k = proportionality constant) % ionic character = [measXY/calc X+Y-] x 100% heat of reaction, H = D(bonds broken) D(bonds formed)

Exam 2 Notes: Chapters 13 and 14 have no equations provided. You will be expected however to know the general form of equationse.g. writing out a wave equation for a molecular orbital as well as molecular orbital electron configurations, how to calculate bond order and formal charge etc Handout: Periodic Table with atomic weights to four significant figures Constants: Avogadros Number, NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol Mass of electron, me = 9.109 x 10-31 kg Mass of proton, mp = 1.673 x 10-27 kg Mass of neutron, mn = 1.675 x 10-27 kg Electron charge, Qe = 1.602 x 10-19 C Permittivity in a vacuum, o = 8.854 x 10-12 C2/ J m Speed of light, c = 2.998 x 108 m/s Plancks constant, h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s Bohr orbit, aO = 5.29 x 10-11 m Rydberg (RH) = 2.18 x 10-18 J Conversions: 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-27 kg 10-10 m = 1 = 100 pm = 0.1 nm 1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J 1 Debye = 3.336 x 10-30 C m 1 J = 1 kg-m2/s Definitions: Q = charge Z = atomic no. r = distance between species D = bond energy e = charge on a electron v = speed (velocity) p = linear momentum = frequency = wavelength = electronegativity = dipole moment V = potential energy Ek = kinetic energy F = force IE = ionization energy EA = electron affinity n = integer, principal quantum no.

= difference between final and initial values = energy of a Hartree orbital = wavefunction
= Hartree orbital, 1 e- wavefunction that is part of a basis set Zeff = effective nuclear charge

Equations: Chapter 12 c = E = nh [Blackbody radiation] E = nh [energy of a blackbody absorbtion/emission] Ephoton = nh E = mc2 (n)/2 = 2r [equation for circular standing wave] Emax = 1/2 mev2 = h- h0 [ photoelectric effect] = h/p [de Broglie relation] (note; mv = p) xp > h/4 [Heisenberg uncertainty principle] E = 1/2 mev2 - Ze2/4or [total energy of an electron in a Bohr atom] En= - RHZ2/n2 [Bohr orbit energy] E = h = - RH(1/nf2 1/ni2) [transition energy in Bohr atom] L = mvr [ Bohr angular momentum] r = (n2/Z)aO [Bohr orbit] n(x) = (2/L)1/2sin(nx/L) and En = n2h2/8mL2 [1-D particle in a box] Lz = mlh/2 [ z component of angular momentum] L2 = l(l +1) h2/42 avg rnl ~ n2(aO/ Zeff(n)]){1 + 1/2[1 - l(l +1) /n2]} [avg radius of a atomic orbital in a multi-electron atom]

n ~ - RH[Zeff(n)]2/ n 2 [energy of an atomic orbital in a multi-electron atom]

Exam 3 Handout: Periodic Table with atomic weights to four significant figures Constants: Avogadros Number, NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol Speed of light, c = 2.998 x 108 m/s Plancks constant, h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s Conversions: 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-27 kg 10-10 m = 1 = 100 pm = 0.1 nm 1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J Definitions: Z = atomic no., nuclear charge Zeff = effective nuclear charge r = distance between species D = bond energy e = charge on a electron = frequency = wavelength V = potential energy Ek = kinetic energy IE = ionization energy EA = electron affinity n = integer, principal quantum no.

= difference between final and initial values, crystal field splitting

= wavefunction = Hartree orbital, 1 e- wavefunction that is part of a basis set Equations: Chapter 19 c = E = h CFSE = (#eg e-)(3/5)o (#t2g e-)(2/5)o

Final Exam Handout: Periodic Table with atomic weights to four significant figures Constants: Avogadros Number, NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mol Mass of electron, me = 9.109 x 10-31 kg Mass of proton, mp = 1.673 x 10-27 kg Mass of neutron, mn = 1.675 x 10-27 kg Electron charge, Qe = 1.602 x 10-19 C Permittivity in a vacuum, o = 8.854 x 10-12 C2/ J m Speed of light, c = 2.998 x 108 m/s Plancks constant, h = 6.626 x 10-34 J-s Bohr orbit, aO = 5.29 x 10-11 m Rydberg (RH) = 2.18 x 10-18 J Conversions: 1 amu = 1.661 x 10-27 kg 10-10 m = 1 = 100 pm = 0.1 nm 1 eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J 1 Debye = 3.356 x 10-30 C m 1 J = 1 kg-m2 Definitions: Q = charge Z = atomic no., nuclear charge Zeff = effective nuclear charge r = distance between species D = bond energy e = charge on a electron, electron v = speed (velocity) p = linear momentum, proton = frequency = wavelength = electronegativity = dipole moment V = potential energy Ek = kinetic energy F = force IE = ionization energy EA = electron affinity n = integer, principal quantum no., neutron = difference between final and initial values, crystal field splitting = energy of a Hartree orbital = wavefunction = Hartree orbital, 1 e- wavefunction that is part of a basis set I = moment of inertia J = rotational quantum no. Re = equilibrium bond distance

Equations: Chapter 2 and 3 A = Aipi (A = atomic weight; p = fractional abundance) (IE1 + EA1) [Mulliken] = 0.102[DAB (DAA + DAB)]1/2 [Pauling] Fcoul = Q1Q2/4 or2 = - Ze2/4or2 V(r) = Q1Q2/4 or = - Ze2/4 or Etot = Ek + V = 1/2 me2 - Zeffe2/4or = Qr Lattice Energy, LE = kQ1Q2/r (k = proportionality constant) % ionic character = [measXY/calc X+Y-] x 100% heat of reaction, H = D(bonds broken) D(bonds formed) Chapter 12 c = E = nh [Blackbody radiation] E = nh [energy of a blackbody absorbtion/emission] Ephoton = nh E = mc2 (n)/2 = 2r [equation for circular standing wave] Emax = 1/2 mev2 = h- h0 [ photoelectric effect] = h/p [de Broglie relation] (note; mv = p) xp > h/4 [Heisenberg uncertainty principle] E = 1/2 mev2 - Ze2/4or [total energy of an electron in a Bohr atom] En= - RHZ2/n2 [Bohr orbit energy] E = h = - RH(1/nf2 1/ni2) [transition energy in Bohr atom] L = mvr [ Bohr angular momentum] r = (n2/Z)aO [Bohr orbit] n(x) = (2/L)1/2sin(nx/L) and En = n2h2/8mL2 [1-D particle in a box] Lz = mlh/2 [ z component of angular momentum] L2 = l(l +1) h2/42 avg rnl ~ n2(aO/ Zeff(n)]){1 + 1/2[1 - l(l +1) /n2]} [avg radius of a atomic orbital in a multi-electron atom]

n ~ - RH[Zeff(n)]2/ n 2 [energy of an atomic orbital in a multi-electron atom]

Chapter 19 CFSE = (#eg e-)(3/5)o (#t2g e-)(2/5)o Chapter 14 - Spectroscopy I = Re2 Erot,J = h2/82I(J(J+1)) = hBJ(J+1) F = -kx = k(R-Re) En = (n + 1/2)h = (1/2)(k/)1/2 = m1m2/(m1 + m2) En = (n + 1/2)h (Harmonic Oscillator)