L EVEL 4 . NCM 104 .

1 S EM SY 2011-2012
ST

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PROCEDURE CBG Monitoring

DESCRIPTION Capillary Blood Glucose monitoring is ordered to know the blood glucose level at any time and helps prevent the immediate and potentially serious consequences of very high or very low blood glucose. Monitoring also enables tighter blood glucose control. Blood chemistry tests are ordered to assess a wide range of conditions and the function of organs. Often, blood tests check electrolytes, the minerals that help keep the body's fluid levels in balance, and are necessary to help the muscles, heart, and other organs work properly. To assess kidney

PURPOSE The results of blood glucose testing indicate if diabetes treatments are on target.

COMPONENTS

DATE/TIME

FINDINGS 119 mg/dl 94 mg/dl 107 mg/dl 94 mg/dl 97 mg/dl 102 mg/dl 114 mg/dl

NORMAL VALUES 60 120 mg/dl

IMPLICATION Normal

November 29, 2011 04:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. 02:00 pm 04:00 p.m. 08:00 p.m. December 01, 2011 06:00 a.m. 02:00 p.m. Discontinued

Blood Chemistry Test

Chloride is measured since it helps maintain a balance of fluids in the body. If there's a large loss of chloride, the blood may become more acidic and prevent certain chemical reactions from occurring in the body that are necessary to keep it from

Chloride

November 28, 2011

102.4 mmol/l

98.0 107.0 mmol/l

Normal

function and blood sugar, blood tests measure other substances.

working properly. Potassium level is measured since it is essential in regulating the heart beats. Potassium levels that are too high or too low can increase the risk of an abnormal heartbeat. Low potassium levels are also associated with muscle weakness. The sodium levels are measured to detect whether there's the right balance of sodium and liquid in the blood to carry out regulation of the amount of water in the body and passage of sodium in and out of cells. Potassium 4.06 mmol/l 3.50 5.30 mmol/l Normal

Sodium

138.80 mmol/l

135.00 148.00 mmol/l

Normal

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of how well the kidneys are working. Urea is a nitrogencontaining waste product that's created when the body breaks down protein. If the kidneys are not working properly, the levels of BUN will build up in the blood. Creatinine levels in the blood that are too high can indicate that the kidneys aren't working properly. The kidneys filter and excrete creatinine; if they're not functioning properly, creatinine can build up in the bloodstream.

BUN UV

5.40 mmol/l

2.5 6.5 mmol/l

Normal

Creatinine

80.64 mol/l

62.00 132.00 mol/l

Normal

Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood. Glucose levels that are too high or too low can cause problems hence, it is measured. To determine the amount of cholesterol present in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of urine metabolism and is normally excreted through the urine. Excess and low amount indicate a problem, thats why it is measured. To determine the amount of triglycerides in the blood. The favorable type of lipid,

Glucose

6.71 mmol/l

3.60 6.10 mmol/l

Elevated *hyperglycemic, without a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus

Cholesterol

7. 52 mmol/l

2.97 7.35 mmol/l

Elevated *indication of a cardiovascular disease

Uric Acid

209.48 mol/l

150.00 350.00 mol/l

Normal

Triglycerides

1.04 mmol/l

0.40 1.52 mmol/l

Normal

HDL Direct

1.12 mmol/l

0.91 1.56 mmol/l

Normal

this is measured in order to determine its ratio with the LDL in the blood. To measure its amount in the blood, its elevation is associated with atherosclerosis. Urinalysis A diagnostic procedure that provides important clinical information on kidney function and helps diagnose other non-renal diseases. Urinalysis is used to measure the pH of the patients urine and measure the level of ketones, sugar protein, blood components, and many other substances present in the patients urine. LDL Cholesterol 6.19 mmol/l 1.04 4.04 mmol/l Elevated *Patient has atherosclerosis.

November 30, 2011

Color: Yellow Transparency: Slightly Turbid Reaction (pH): 8.5 Specific Gravity: 1.010

Pale yellow, straw, light yellow, yellow, dark yellow, amber Clear or slightly cloudy

Normal

Normal

1.1 1.025

Normal

Sugar: Negative

Absent

Normal

Protein: +1 WBC: 0 1/HPF RBC: Negative Epithelial Cells: Occasional Cast: Few Crystal: Triple Phosphates

Scant

Normal

Few Absent

Normal Normal

Few Few

Normal Normal

Absent

*May be normal but often are associated with alkaline urine and UTI.

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures how long it takes blood to clot.

A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems. PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working.

Clotting Time

12.5 seconds

10 17 seconds

Normal

November 28, 2011

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

0.87 seconds

1 2 seconds

Near normal

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

A blood test that measures the time it takes blood to clot.

A PTT test can be used to check for bleeding problems.

November 28, 2011

35.1 seconds

25 38 seconds

Normal