Space & Time "The tree is not caused by events in space and time.

The tree itself is space and time. Space and time are life." - Robert Campbell, Fisherman's Guide To The Cosmic Order (pg. 153) There are many cosmogonies that revolve around the prinicple of space and time being intrisically connected. I would like to mention a few of them in order to share the wonderous ideas they hold. The Reciprocal System of Theory: The first in this list is that of Dewey Larson, an engineer whom formulated what he calls the Reciprocal System of Theory. Here is a quote (from a book entitled The Universe of Motion) describing its humble beginings: As might be expected, the task that I had undertaken was a long and difficult one, but after about twenty years I had arrived at some interesting mathematical expressions in several areas, one of the most intriguing of which was an expression for the inter-atomic distance in the solid state in terms of three variables clearly related to the properties portrayed by the periodic table of the elements. But a mathematical expression, however accurate it may be, has only a limited value in itself. Before we can make full use of the relationship that it expresses, we must know something as to its meaning. So my next objective was to find out why the mathematics took this particular form. I studied these expressions from all angles, analyzing the different terms, and investigating all of the hypotheses as to their origin that I could think of. This was a rather discouraging phase of the project, as for a long time I seemed to be merely spinning my wheels and getting nowhere. On several occasions I decided to abandon the entire project, but in each case, after several months of inactivity I thought of some other possibility that seemed worth investigating, and I returned to the task. Eventually it occurred to me that, when expressed in one particular form, the mathematical relation that I had formulated for the inter-atomic distance would have a simple and logical explanation if I merely assumed that there is a general reciprocal relation between space and time. My first reaction to this thought was the same as that of a great many others. The idea of the reciprocal of space, I said to myself, is absurd. One might as well talk of the reciprocal of a pail of water, or the reciprocal of a fencepost. But on further consideration I could see that the idea is not so absurd after all. The only relation between space and time of which we have any actual knowledge is motion, and in motion space and time do have a reciprocal relation. If one airplane travels twice as fast as another, it makes no difference whether we say that it travels twice as far in the same time, or that it travels the same distance in half the time. This is not necessarily a general reciprocal relation, but the fact that it is a reciprocal relation gives the idea of a general relation a considerable degree of plausibility. This idea began to evolve, and inspired by the philosopher Samuel Alexander (author of Space, Time & Deity), he decided to extend this into a more general physics model: The physical universe, I find, is not a universe of matter existing in a framework provided by space and time, as seen by conventional science, but a universe of motion, in which space and time are simply the two reciprocal aspects of motion,

and have no other significance. There are also several whom have attempted to systematize it or extend it in various ways (1, 2, 3). One of these groups states of the theory: Larson did discover something quite remarkable: the precise, dimensional relationship between space and time. By using that relationship, he was able to build a theoretical universe based on two postulates that closely resembles the observed universe, at both small (subatomic) and large (galactic) scales. Larson predicted some events that must exist as a logical consequence of his postulates, which had not yet been discovered, from new forms of atomic disintegration to quasi-stellar objects. The theory has been utilized to build practical devices as well. To paraphrase Hoyt Stearns Jr., former president of ISUS: The Reciprocal System model sets forth an explaination what a magnetic field really is. It led directly to my invention of a "reactionless thruster" based on the effect that the mass of a conductor decreases as the current through it increases due to the magnetic field created. (The magnetic field is the two dimensional residue of the three dimentional gravitional field due to the neutralization of it by the one dimensional electric current.) I think Peter Graneau has verified this principle with rail guns. What other theory can calculate the lifetime of the neutron, the properties of chemical elements, Planck's constant, and the gravitational constant G from basic premises without empirical data? Amazing! Some might have noticed the similarity of the relationship between wavelength and frequency being akin to what the concept of space and time being reciprocal would be like. The musical analogies do not end there. As Bruce Peret points out: John Ernst Worrell Keely was a 19th century researcher whom developed a system now known as "vibratory physics". It is based on music theory, representing atomic structures as notes and chords in music. But what most people miss is that the "note" is a rational number... a ratio that is a subdivision of an octave (the ratio of 1:2). Larson's Reciprocal System is also based on ratios for its various atomic and subatomic structures, except Larson refers to them as "motions", not "notes", and "multi-dimensional motion" instead of "chords". One can find all of Dewey Larson's books online for free, either here and/or here (including one that opens up the theory into what some may call "metaphysical" phenomena, along with a couple of his other writings that attempt to build a sustainable economic system). Symetric Field Physics: The second in this list is that of Symetric Field Physics, complied by Aaity Olson through chanelling and her studies in physics. While it may seem much more intuitive in its approach than the other two listed in this document, it covers a plethora of scientific principles. The general premise is that space and time are actually energies (referred to as the S-Field and T-

Field respectively) that interact in various ways to generate all material forms. It is presented in a series of two books with many beautiful drawings, the first of which can be read online for free here. Standard Unit Conversion: The final one in this list is a paper written by an engineer named Xavier Borg. It is really only one part of a larger model, but covers ground that is quite similar to the above two. The abstract states: This paper shows that all measurable quantities we learn in physics can be represented as nothing more than a number of spatial dimensions differentiated by a number of temporal dimensions or vice versa. To convert between such space-time system of units and the conventional SI system, one simply multiplies the ST numerical values by dimensionless constants in order to convert between the natural space-time units and the 'historical' SI units. Once the ST system of units presented here is applied to any set of physics parameters, one is then able to derive all laws and equations without reference to the original theory which presented said relationship. In other words, all known principles and numerical constants which took hundreds of years to be discovered, like Ohm's Law, energy mass equivalence, Newton's Laws, etc.. would simply follow naturally from the spatial and temporal dimensions themselves, and can be derived without any reference to standard theoretical background. Any relation between physical parameters one might think of, can be derived. Included is a step by step worked example showing how to derive any free space constant and quantum constant.