Brandon LaPointe 5th Chapter 8 sensation and Perception 1. Absolute Vs.

difference threshold Absolute-the weakest amount of a stimulus that a person can detect half the time Difference- the smallest change in a physical stimulus can be detected half the time 2. binocular fusion vs. retinal disparity Bf- the process of combing the images received from the 2 eyes into a single fused image Retinal disparity- the differences between the images stimulating each eye 3. Illusion v. perceptual inference Illusion- perceptions that misrepresent physical stimuli Perceptual inference-you think you seen something but you really didnt 4. Kinesthesis v. vestibular system Kinesthesis-the sense of movement and body position Vestibular system-three semicircular canals that prove the sense of balance, located in the inner ear and connect to the brain by a nerve. 5. motion parallax Vs. relative motion motion parallax-the apparent movement of stationary objects relative to one another that occurs when the observer changes position. Relative motion-the objects in a nearby field seem to be moving in the opposite direction to your movement 6. pitch vs. decibels pitch-the rate of vibration decibels-the strength or sound pressure energy is measured in decibels 7. rods Vs. Cones rods-how you see black and white cones-how you see color 8. sensation vs. perception sensation-what occurs when a stimulus activates a receptor perception-the organization of sensory information into meaningful experiences 9. signal detection theory vs. gate control theory SDT-the study of peoples tendencies to make correct judgments in detecting the presence of stimuli Gate control theory10. webers law vs. figure-ground perception Webers law-the principle that for any change in a stimulus to be detected, a constant proportion of that stimulus must be added or subtracted Figure-ground perception Chapter 10 memory and thought 11. chunking vs. primacy-recency effect chunking-the process of grouping items to make them easier to remember PRE-refers to the fact that we are better able to recall info presented at the beginning and end of the list 12. confabulation vs. schemas

Brandon LaPointe 5th confabulation-the act of filling in memory gaps schemas-conceptual from works a person uses to make sense of the world 13. declarative Vs. procedural memory declarative-stored knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed procedural memory-permanent storage of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection 14. iconic vs. echoic memory iconic- memories hold visual information for up to a second echoic-auditory sensory memory 15. maintenance vs. elaborate rehearsal maintenance-a system for remembering that involves repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it elaborate-a system for remembering that only involves repeating the information once. 16. recall vs. recognition recall-memory retrieval in which a person reconstructs previously learned material recognition-memory retrieval in which a person identifies an object, idea, or situation as one he or she has or has not experienced before 17. semantic vs. episodic memory semantic-knowledge of language, including its rules, words, and meanings episodic-chronological retention of the events of ones life 18. state dependent learning vs. distributed practice SDL-you have to be conscious to learn it DP-you dont really have to study it to learn it you just practice Chapter 17 therapy and change 19. client-centered vs. short-term dynamic therapy Client centered-reflects the belief that the client and therapist are partners in therapy STDT20. contingency management vs. token economies contingency management-undesirable behavior is not reinforced, while desirable behavior is reinforced token economies-desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects or points, which can be accumulated and exchanged for various rewards 21. electroconvulsive therapy vs. psychosurgery Electroconvulsive therapy-an electrical shock is sent through the brain to try to reduce symptoms of mental disturbance. Psychosurgery-a medical operation that destroys part of the brain to make the patient calmer and freer of symptoms 22. free association vs. dream analysis free association-a method used to examine the unconscious; the patient is instructed to say whatever comes into his or her mind a technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret the content to patients dreams 23. psychotherapy vs. eclectiv approach

Brandon LaPointe 5th psychotherapy-any treatment used by therapists to help troubled individuals overcome there problems eclectiv approach24. resistance vs. transference resistance-the reluctance of a patient either to reveal painful feelings or to examine longstanding behavior patterns transference-the process, experienced by the patient, of feeling toward an analyst or therapist the way he or shy feels or felt toward some other important figure in his or her life 25. systematic desensitization vs. adverse conditioning SD-a technique to help a patient overcome irrational fears and anxieties Adverse conditioning-links an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior in an attempt to eliminate the behavior