F Family of orientation- nuclear family in which one is born and grows up.

Family of procreation- nuclear family established when one marries and has children. Factions- informal systems of alliance within well-defined political units such as lineages or villages. Features- artifacts that cannot easily be moved, such as ruins of building, burials, and fire pits. Feminist anthropology- a theoretical perspective that focuses on describing and explaining the social roles of woman. Fieldwork- the firsthand, systematic exploration of a society. It involves living with group of people and participating in and observing their behavior. Firm- an institution composed of kin and non-kin that is organized primarily for financial gain. Fiscal- pertaining to finances and taxation. Focal vocabulary- a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain group such as type of snow to Eskimos or skiers. Folk- originally coined for European peasants; refers to the art, music, and lore of ordinary people, as contrasted with the high art or classic art of the European elites. Food production- cultivation of plants and domestication (stockbreeding) of animals; first developed 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Foraging (hunting and gathering)- a food-getting strategy that does not involve food production or domestication of animals. Forensic anthropology- the application of biological anthropology to the identification of skeletalized or badly decomposed human remains. Fraternal polyandry- a custom whereby a woman marries a man and his brother. Free morpheme- a unit of meaning that may stand alone as a word. Functional explanation- explanation that establishes a correlation or interrelationship between social customs. When custom are functionally interrelated, if one changes, the others also change. Functionalism- the anthropological theory that specific cultural institutions function to support the structure of society or serve the needs of individuals in society. Fundamentalism- describes antimodernist movements in various religions. Fundamenlists assert an identity separate from the larger religious group from which they arose; they advocate strict fidelity to the true religious principles on which the larger religion was founded.

G Gender- a cultural construction that makes biological and physical differences into socially meaningful categories. Gender hierarchy- the way in which gendered activities and attributes are differentially valued and related to distribution of resources, prestige, and power in a society. Gender role- the cultural expectations of men and woman in a particular society, including the division of labor. Gender stereotypes- oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics of males and females. Gender stratification- unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom) between men and women, reflecting their different positions in a social hierarchy. Genealogical method- procedures by which ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols. Gene flow- mixing of genetic materials that result from the movement of individuals and groups from place to place. General anthropology- the field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology. Generality- culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies. Generalized reciprocity- principle that characterizes exchanges between closely related individuals. As social distance increases, reciprocity becomes balanced and finally negative. Genetic drift- changes in the frequencies of specific traits caused by random factors. Generational kinship terminology- kinship terminology with only two terms for the parental generation, one designating M, MZ, and FZ and the other designating father of a child. Genitor- biological father of a child. Genus- in biological classification, groups of similar species. Ghost dance- a Native American religious movement of the late nineteenth century. Globalization- the integration of resources, labor and capital into a global network. Glottochronology- a statistical technique that linguists have developed to estimate the date of separation of related languages. God- a named spirit who is believed to have created or to control some aspect of the world.

Government- an interrelated set of status roles that becomes separate from other aspects of social organization, such as kinship.