ACTIVITY 2.3: ALCOHOL and 1.

Organic compound can be classified into:

Hydrocarbon compound:

2. Alcohol are made up of ., ..and 3. The general formula of alcohol is . n= 4. The functional group of alcohol is Isomerism in Alcohol 1. Question: Explain isomerism Is a phenomenon where two or more molecules have the . but . Molecules with different arrangement of atom are known as 2. Methanol and ethanol do not have any isomers. 3. The existence of isomerism in alcohols is because of: (a) the position of hydroxyl group. OH that are different (b) the framework of carbon chain that are different. 4. Propanol has 2 isomers and butanol has 4 isomers. 5. Question: Draw and name the isomers of propanol (C3H7OH)- . isomers

Non-hydrocarbon compound: , and .

6. Question: Draw and name the isomers of butanol (C3H7OH)- . Isomers

Chemical properties Combustion 1. Burning of alcohols Burning alcohols in excess of air to produce and. Only. Burning alcohols is a type of . Reaction, thus a lot of heat energy is given off.

The chemical equation: Alcohol Methanol

Complete Combustion equation

Ethanol

Propanol

2. Burning alcohols insufficient supply of air will produce , ., .... and .. 3. Calculate the percentage of carbon in each molecules: Hexanol Hexane Hexene

- hexanol burns to produce the soot than hexane and hexane, because it has the . Oxidation of Alcohol 1. Alcohol can be oxidized to produce . with the same number of carbon atoms.

2. Oxidising agent used: Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution, .. (................... colour turn to ..................... colour) ii. Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution, . (. Colour to .. colour) Oxidation of alcohols needs intense heating. i. Experiment: 4cm3 of ethanol (..) is put into a test tube.

4cm3 of acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution is added into ethanol. The mixture in the boiling tube is heated slowly. Observation: (i) Orange colour solution turn .. (ii) The product smells like (iii) . litmus paper turn . Chemical equation 3. Write the equation of oxidation of; Alcohol Methanol Chemical equation Product

Propanol

Butanol

Dehydration of alcohol 1. Dehydration of alcohols to produce alkenes with the same number of carbon atoms.

2. Dehydration agents are: (a) . (b) Concentrated . acid at 180oC (c) Hot phosphoric acid (d) Hot aluminium oxide 4. Q: Describe an experiment to change ethanol to ethene gas. i. Glass wool is soaked in ethanol and is placed into a ii. 5 g of porcelain chips is placed in the middle of the boiling tube as the diagram below. iii. When the porcelain chips glows in red, glass wool which soaked with ethanol is heated. iv. Ethene gas is given off and collected using . through . Equations: . Observation: (i) gas is collected. (ii) Gas is tested Gas burns easily in yellowish flame with soot

colour bromine water turn