2008 Int ANSYS Conf Piezoelectric Fan Modeling Fsi Analysis

2008 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc.
Proprietary
2008 International
ANSYS Conference
Piezoelectric Fan Modeling
FSI Analysis using ANSYS and CFX
Courtesy of PIEZO Systems Inc.
Rich Lange, Stephen Scampoli, Naseem Ansari,
and Dan Shaw
ANSYS Inc.
2008 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Scope of Presentation
Outline the workings of the Piezoelectric fan
Discuss the processing of the Piezoelectric data
Show analysis settings
Discuss the Coupling with CFX
Show results
The Piezoelectric Fan
Piezoelectric Fan
Spot Cooling for Electronic Components
Low Magnetic Permeability
Blade driven by Piezoelectric Bimorph
Blade
Bimorph
FR4 Board
Courtesy: PIEZO Systems Inc
Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is a property of some materials (notably
crystals and certain ceramics) to generate an electric
potential in response to applied mechanical stress
Piezoelectric effect is reversible
Materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (stress
electricity) also exhibit the converse piezoelectric effect
(electricity stress)
For example, lead zirconate titanate crystals exhibit a
maximum strain rate of ~0.1%
For stress induced electricity in piezo-materials, voltage
often varies in time
Finite Element Model with Boundary
Conditions
Two piezoelectric layers
Courtesy: PIEZO Systems Inc
Bottom piezoelectric Layer: 0 Volt
Top Piezoelectric Layer: 115 [V] sin((2/0.4[s])t)
The voltage variance produces the fan motion.
Fix Support at holes
Piezoelectrics - Equations
)
`
=
)
`
(
(
+
)
`
+
)
`
L
F
V
u
K K
K K
V
u
C 0
0 C
V
u

0
0 M
V Z
Z u
v
u
T

0

Structural Terms
nodal forces
nodal displacements
mass damping stiffness
Dielectric Terms
damping permittivity
electric potential
electric charge
coupling terms
Model Input
The equation describing the voltage variation is
created in ANSYS Classic equation editor
Create the function and save it
Once the constants in the equation are defined, a
table is created in ANSYS that describes the specific
equation
The log file of the resulting table can easily become a
Command object in Simulation
The boundary condition then simply gets applied as a
tabular load
Function and Table
Ansys Utility Menu
Parameters> Functions> Define/Edit
Enter the function, defining the
voltage as a constant Volume
File>Save (give a name)
Ansys Utility Menu
Parameters>Functions>Read From File
Resulting Log File
This is representative of what will go in the
command snippet to represent the table
Voltage Boundary Conditions -
Command Snippets
Bottom Layer: Voltage = 0 Volt
Top Layer:
Voltage = 115 [V] sin((2/0.4[s])t)
Snippet for entering a formula
in SIMULATION
Piezoelectric Material Data Input
Piezoelectric material data is supplied in different formats
Discussed in ANSI/IEEE Std 176-1987, Standard on
Piezoelectricity
All industry standard material property data formats are not
compatible with ANSYS
Data must be converted into ANSYS compatible form
Also, material data is typically supplied with the polarization
direction as Z (or 3), the longitudinal direction as X (or 1),
and the transverse direction as Y (or 2)
In our example, the polarization direction is Y, the
longitudinal direction X, and the transverse direction Z.
Thus, the supplied material data must be transformed
appropriately
Introduction (cont)
For static or low frequency devices (e.g., sensors), material
property data are typically provided as
Compliance measured under constant electric field [s
E
],
Piezoelectric strain matrix [d], and
Relative permittivity measured under constant stress [
T
]
For higher frequencies devices (e.g., resonators), material
property data are typically provided as
Stiffness measured under constant electric field [c
E
],
Piezoelectric stress matrix [e], and
Relative permittivity measured under constant strain [
S
]
Required Material Properties
For static analyses,
piezoelectric materials are
characterized by
Structural elasticity
Piezoelectric coupling
Dielectric permittivity
For dynamic analyses,
additional data are
required
Density
Structural damping
Dielectric damping
Piezoelectric behavior can
be defined using different
material properties
Structural elasticity
Moduli of elasticity
Stiffness matrix
Compliance matrix
Piezoelectric coupling
Piezoelectric matrix
Dielectric permittivity
Relative permittivity
Relative permittivity matrix
ANSYS Commands MP Command
Material properties are entered into ANSYS using either
the MP (for isotropic or orthotropic properties) or TB
commands (when tabular input is required)
TB, LAB, MAT, NTEMP, NPTS, TBOPT, EOSOPT
LAB: material model
PIEZ = piezoelectric matrix
ANEL = anisotropic elastic matrix
TBOPT: options within material model (stress or strain based)
EOSOPT: equation of state
TBDATA command enters the values into the table
Defines data for the table specified on the last issued TB
command at the temperature specified on the last issued
TBTEMP command
TBDATA, STLOC, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
STLOC: starting location
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6: data to be input
Elastic Coefficients
IEEE Standard 176 specifies standard 6x6 format
for elasticity matrix
Row order is {x, y, z, yz, xz, xy}
ANSYS uses the standard structural mechanics
format
Row order is {x, y, z, xy, yz, xz}
Order of the shear terms is different
IEEE Standard 176 row 4 is equivalent to ANSYS row 5
Elastic Coefficients (cont)
For ANSYS piezoelectric elements to be compatible with
other ANSYS elements, elasticity matrices must use
consistent formats
Shear rows must be reordered
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
66 65 64 63 62 61
56 55 54 53 52 51
46 45 44 43 42 41
36 35 34 33 32 31
26 25 24 23 22 21
61 51 41 31 21 11
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
66 65 64 63 62 61
56 55 54 53 52 51
46 45 44 43 42 41
36 35 34 33 32 31
26 25 24 23 22 21
61 51 41 31 21 11
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
IEEE Standard 176 Format ANSYS Format
Elasticity matrix is input in Stiffness form using TB,ANEL
with TBOPT = 0
Input order is based on position in the matrix
Anisotropic Elastic Coefficients (cont)
TB,ANEL,matid#,0
TBDATA,1,13.2,7.1,7.3
TBDATA,7,13.2,7.3
TBDATA,12,11.5
TBDATA,16,3
TBDATA,19,2.6
TBDATA,21,2.6
2
ANSYS
m
N
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
21
20 19
18 17 16
15 14 13 12
11 10 9 8 7
6 5 4 3 2 1
6 . 2
0 6 . 2
0 0 0 . 3
0 0 0 5 . 11
0 0 0 30 . 7 2 . 13
0 0 0 30 . 7 10 . 7 2 . 13
10 C
10 E
Input Elastic Coefficients
As with stiffness matrix, if elasticity matrix is provided as a
compliance matrix at constant electric field (s
E
) in IEEE
Standard 176 form, it must be converted to ANSYS format
IEEE Standard 176 format
convert to ANSYS format
by rearranging rows
4 5
5 6
6 4
2
IEEE
m
N
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
6 . 2
0 6 . 2
0 0 0 . 3
0 0 0 5 . 11
0 0 0 30 . 7 2 . 13
0 0 0 30 . 7 10 . 7 2 . 13
10 s
10 E
2
ANSYS
m
N
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
6 . 2
0 0 . 3
0 0 6 . 2
0 0 0 5 . 11
0 0 0 30 . 7 2 . 13
0 0 0 30 . 7 10 . 7 2 . 13
10 s
10 E
Input Elastic Coefficients
For this example, in addition to converting the elasticity
data from the IEEE format to the ANSYS format, it must
be also rotated so that the polarization direction is Y
rather than Z
Z data becomes Y data
Y data becomes Z data
X data remains the same
2
ANSYS
m
N
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
6 . 2
0 0 . 3
0 0 6 . 2
0 0 0 5 . 11
0 0 0 30 . 7 2 . 13
0 0 0 30 . 7 10 . 7 2 . 13
10 s
10 E
2
10
ANSYS
m
N
0 . 3
0 6 . 2
0 0 6 . 2
0 0 30 . 7 2 . 13
0 0 0 0 5 . 11
0 0 0 30 . 7 10 . 7 2 . 13
10
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
E
s
Order for the TBDATA commands
follows the schematic on the right
hand side
See Command Snippet for the
TBDATA commands
Piezoelectric Coefficients
IEEE Standard 176 uses a standard textbook 3x6 format for
the piezoelectric coupling matrix
Order is {x, y, z, yz, xz, xy}
ANSYS uses a 6x3 format for the piezoelectric matrix
Order is {x, y, z, xy, yz, xz}
As with elasticity matrix, order of shear terms is
incompatible between IEEE Standard 176 and ANSYS and
must be reordered
In addition, rows and columns are transposed
To convert piezoelectric coefficient data provided in the
IEEE Standard 176 format into the ANSYS format
Matrix must be transposed
Rows 4, 5, and 6 must be appropriately interchanged
Piezoelectric Coefficients (cont)
(
(
(
36 35 34 33 32 31
26 25 24 23 22 21
61 51 41 31 21 11
d d d d d d
d d d d d d
d d d d d d
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
63 62 61
53 52 51
43 41
33 32 31
23 22 21
31 21 11
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
42
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
63 62 61
53 52 51
43 41
33 32 31
23 22 21
31 21 11
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
42
Typical Piezoelectric Matrix
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
53 52 51
43 42 41
63 61
33 32 31
23 22 21
31 21 11
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
d d d
62
Transposed Piezoelectric Matrix ANSYS Piezoelectric Matrix
Transposed Piezoelectric Matrix
Piezoelectric coefficients are
provided in stress form in IEEE
Standard 176 format
To convert to ANSYS format,
first transpose the matrix
Then rearrange rows 4, 5, & 6
C
N
IEEE
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0 0 0
0 0 5 . 10
0 5 . 10 0
1 . 14 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
d
T
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0 0 5 . 10
0 5 . 10 0
0 0 0
1 . 14 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
d
Z ANSYS,
Finally, Y being the direction of
polarization instead of Z must be
accounted for
Piezoelectric coefficients in the
stress form are input using
TB,PIEZ with TBOPT = 0
Input order is based on position
in matrix
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
0 0 5 . 10
0 5 . 10 0
0 0 0
1 . 14 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
1 . 4 0 0
d
Z ANSYS,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
18 17 16
15 14 13
12 11 10
9 8 7
6 5 4
3 2 1
0 0 0
5 . 10 0 0
0 0 5 . 10
0 1 . 4 0
0 1 . 14 0
0 1 . 4 0
Y , d
ANSYS
See Command Snippet for TBDATA commands
63 62 61
53 52 51
43 42 41
33 32 31
23 22 21
31 21 11
d d d zx
d d d yz
d d d xy
d d d z
d d d y
d d d x
z y x
42 43 41
52 53 51
62 63 61
22 23 21
32 33 31
21 31 11
d d d yx
d d d zy
d d d xz
d d d y
d d d z
d d d x
y z x
Piezoelectric Material Defined -
Command Snippets
Anisotropic Elastic matrix
Piezoelectric matrix
Coupled Element 226
Piezoelectric Solution
Static
SPARSE is the recommended solver
Transient
recommended TINTP (transient algorithm) settings
ALPHA = 0.25
DELTA = 0.5
THETA = 0.5
Modal
Block Lanczos is the recommended solver
Harmonic
harmonically varying displacement produces a current
applied current produces a vibration
Electric Potential
Blade Movements
Displacement
Exaggerated and Not to Scale
t=0.1 Sec
Equivalent
stresses
t=0.3 Sec
CFX Model
Flow domain internal boundary is the device.
Blue arrows represent Opening Condition
Fluid may move in and out such boundaries
CFX Setup
Flow domain Default is the FSI boundary
Force Displacement transfers
CFX Setup
In some cases, the MFX two
way procedure is made more
robust with the use of an
Implicit form of Artificial
Compressibility
This is implemented by
setting up a zero fluid mass
source on the FSI boundary
and using a Total Mass
Source Pressure Coefficient
as shown
Blade Displacement at 0.1 sec
ANSYS
CFX
Blade Displacements at 0.3 sec
CFX
ANSYS
Velocity Contours in CFX
Time = 0.1 sec. 0.2 sec. 0.3 sec. 0.4 sec.
Summary
Demonstrated the Multiphysics analysis of a
piezo-electric fan with ANSYS and CFX in the
MFX Solver
The Workbench platform is shown to be flexible
enough to handle non-native applications
Procedures exist to easily convert the
piezoelectric property data to the ANSYS format
The robustness of Two-Way FSI coupling is
enhanced with artificial compressibility

2008 Int ANSYS Conf Piezoelectric Fan Modeling Fsi Analysis

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2008 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc.

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