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Preface
This book had it origins in a passage (the "Fiscal and Input Crises" section of Chapter
Eight) of my last book, Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. If you read that passage
(it's available online at Mutualist.Org), you'll get an idea of the perspective that led me to
write this book. The radical thoughts on organizational pathologies in that passage, both
my own and those of the writers I quoted, dovetailed with my experiences of bureaucratic
irrationality and Pointy-Haired Bossism in a lifetime as a worker and consumer.
To get the rest of the questions on my perspective out of the way, I should mention
that the wording of the subtitle ("A Libertarian Perspective") reflects a long process of
indecision and changes, and is something I still find unsatisfactory. I vacillated between
the adjectives "mutualist," "anarchist," "individualist anarchist," and "left-libertarian," not
really satisfied with any of them because of their likely tendency to pigeonhole my work
or scare away my target audience. I finally ended up (with some misgivings) with plain
old "Libertarian." It's a term of considerable contention between the classical liberal and
libertarian socialist camps. I don't mean the choice of term in a sense that would exclude
either side. In fact, as an individualist in the tradition of Tucker and the rest of the Boston
anarchists, I embrace both the free market libertarian and libertarian socialist camps. I
chose "libertarian" precisely it was large and contained multitudes: it alone seemed
sufficiently broad to encompass the readership I had in mind.
I belong to the general current of the Left so beautifully described by the editors of
Radical Technology ("the 'recessive Left' of anarchists, utopians and visionaries, which
tends only to manifest itself when dominant genes like Lenin or Harold Wilson are off
doing something else"). As such, I tend to agree with the Greens and other left-wing
decentralists on the evils to which they object in current society and on their general view
of a good society, while I agree with free market libertarians on their analysis of the cause
of such evils and how to get from here to there. In short: green ends with libertarian
means.
The central question of Part One is that of Ronald Coase: If markets are more
efficient than hierarchy and planning, why are the latter so prevalent? Why do we find
the phenomenon that Coase remarked on--islands of corporate central planning in an
economy supposedly governed by the market? Coase's answer was that firm
boundaries--the boundaries between market and hierarchy--are set at the point at which
the transaction costs of market contracting surpass than those of administration and
planning. The subject of Part One is the extent to which the state artificially shifts these
boundaries upward, so that the size of the dominant organization is far larger than
warranted by genuine considerations of efficiency.
Part Two (consisting of a single chapter, Four) considers the pathological effects of
large size, centralization and hierarchy, on a systemic level, under the hegemony of the
corporation and the centralized state. That is, it considers the effect of the predominance
of the large, hierarchical organization, and of the professionalized and bureaucratic
culture it spawns, on the character of society as a whole.
Part Three examines the effects of large size and hierarchy within the large organization.
Chapters Five and Six are brief surveys of the literature on information and incentive
problems within the large organization, both by conventional organization theorists and
by radical thinkers like Robert Anton Wilson and Paul Goodman. Chapter Seven applies
the Austrian critique of central planning to the corporation. Chapter Eight is a broad-
ranging examination of the irrationality and authoritarianism of the large organization,
and of the general pathologies of managerialism: in particular, it is a critique of the
currently prevailing MBA model of downsizing human capital, stripping assets, and
gutting long-term productive capabilities in order to game management bonuses and
stock options. Chapter Nine is a study of the internal crisis of governability of the large
corporation, and--based on conventional literature on incomplete contracting--applies an
asymmetric warfare model to labor relations within the corporation. And Chapter Ten
examines the broad range of management theory and reform gimmicks, which I argue
either serve as a mere legitimizing ideology of lip-service, or amount to an attempt to
incorporate libertarian and decentralist elements into the old framework of corporate
hierarchy rather than making them the building blocks of a fundamentally new form of
society.
Finally, Part Four--of which I am especially proud--surveys the range of technical and
organizational alternatives that might prevail in a decentralist, cooperative, genuinely free
market economy. Chapters Eleven and Twelve discuss the twin structural principles of a
genuinely libertarian society: the abolition of privilege and its replacement by a
genuinely free market governed by the unfettered operation of the cost principle. Chapter
Thirteen discusses the most feasible process for dismantling the state and moving toward
such a society, summed up by the Wobbly slogan "Building the structure of the new
society within the shell of the old." Chapter Fourteen examines the technological
building blocks of a decentralized economy (especially small-scale general-purpose
production machinery, desktop production machinery, and community-supported
agriculture) based on small-scale production for local markets. Chapters Fifteen and
Sixteen, finally, examine the organizational building blocks of production (cooperatives,
peer production, and the informal and household economies) and distribution.
The chapters of this book have all appeared as rough drafts online, and much of the
material within them appeared before that as posts on my blog (Mutualist Blog: Free
Market Anti-Capitalism). The final form of this book reflects the enormous amount of
fruitful discussion in the comments at my blog, and the helpful questions and criticisms
raised by my readers, and the insights I have gained from dialogue with other
organization theory bloggers and writers. So in a sense this is a collaborative product,
and I owe my readers a debt of gratitude.
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