FEG Chapter 02

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CONTENTS Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs 2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of ed endings 2-5 Spelling of ing and ed forms 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-8 The simple past and the past progressive 2-9 Forms of the past progressive 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-11 Expressing past habit: used to
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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Alada rides the bus to work. Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet. Today she is taking extra clothes to work.
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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PRESENT TENSE
CHAPTER 2: PREVIEW
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PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST
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We graduated from college in 2007.
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THE SIMPLE PAST

(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday.
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THE SIMPLE PAST

(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.
(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday.
SIMPLE PAST activities or situations began and ended in past (yesterday, last night, in 2007)
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THE SIMPLE PAST

(c) They watched the movie last night. (d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.
watch + ed = watched answer + ed = answered
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THE SIMPLE PAST

(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
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THE SIMPLE PAST

(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.
(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday. Irregular past: sleep understand eat
slept understood ate

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THE SIMPLE PAST

(g) I was a lifeguard last summer. (h) They were in Belgium last month.
Simple past forms of be
was and were
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2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS
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We started school last week.
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STATEMENT
I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week.
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STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They
started school last week.
NEGATIVE
I-You-She-He-It-We-They
did not start school last week.
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QUESTION
Did I-you-she-he-it-we-they
start school last week?
SHORT ANSWER
Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did. No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didnt.
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2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE
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She was sick last Monday.
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STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week.

We-You-They were home last week.
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STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week.

We-You-They were home last week.
NEGATIVE
I-She-He-It was not home last week.

We-You-They were not home last week.
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QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it home last week? Were we-you-they home last week?
SHORT ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it was. Yes, we-you-they were. No, I-she-he-it- wasnt. No, we-you-they werent.
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2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Lets Practice
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They were at the movies last night at 8:00.
is NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00. werent

ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:
They were at the grocery store last night at 8:00. ____

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This airplane was made in 1625.
1943
is
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
wasnt This airplane ______ made in 1625.

This airplane was made in 1943. ___

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Did Carla get a bad grade on her test?

get
NEGATIVE STATEMENT:
Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. didnt get

Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. got

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2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS
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She talked to me for an hour.

talk/t/
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(a) talked = talk/t/ k stopped = stop/t/ pp hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ washed = wash/t/
voiceless sound + -ed examples: /k/, /p/
/t/
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(a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/ ss hissed = hiss/t/ watched = watch/t/ ch sh washed = wash/t/
voiceless sound + -ed /t/ , examples: /k/, /p/ /s/, /ch/, /sh/
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ll (b) called = call/d/ n rained = rain/d/ lived = live/d/ robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/
voiced sound + -ed examples: /l/, /n/
/d/
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(b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/ v lived = live/d/ bb robbed = rob/d/ stayed = stay/d/ y
voiced sound + -ed /d/ examples: /l/, /n/, /v/, /b/, all vowel sounds
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t (c) waited = wait / d/ d needed = need / d/
/ d/
t or d + -ed
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2-4 Lets Practice
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behave__ ?
1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
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2-4 Lets Practice
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behave__ /d/
1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
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2-4 Lets Practice
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plant___ ?
1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
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2-4 Lets Practice
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plant___ / d/
1. /t/ 2. /d/ 3. / d/ e
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2-5 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS
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We are learning to speak English.
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END OF VERB
-e (a) smiled smiling smile hoped hope hoping
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? NO
-ing form: drop -e, add -ing -ed form: add -d

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END OF VERB Two Consonants
(b) help helping helped
learned learn learning

Two consonants
add -ing add -ed

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END OF VERB Two Vowels + One Consonant
(c) rained raining rain
heated heat heating

Two vowels + one consonant
add -ing add -ed

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ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant
DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? YES
(d) stopped stopping stop
planned plan planning

Double the consonant and
add -ing add -ed

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TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS
END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant
(e) visit visiting visited
offered offer offering

First syllable stressed
add -ing add -ed

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TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS END OF VERB One Vowel + One Consonant DOUBLE THE CONSONANT? YES
(f) prefer
preferring admitting
preferred admitted add -ing add -ed

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admit
Second syllable stressed, double the consonant
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END OF VERB
-y
(g) play
playing
played
enjoy
enjoying
enjoyed
keep the -y
vowel + -y
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END OF VERB
-y
(h) worry
worrying
worried
study
studying
studied
-y + -ing -i -y + -ed
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consonant + -y
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END OF VERB
-ie
(i) die
dying
died
tie
tying
-ie
tied
-y + -ing
add -d
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2-5 Lets Practice
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rain
-ING form -ED form
raining ________ ________ rained
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2-5 Lets Practice
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study -ING form -ED form
studying _________ _________ studied
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2-5 Lets Practice
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lie
Please dont lie to me!
-ING form -ED form
lying _____ _____ lied
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2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB
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They became friends.
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SIMPLE FORM
Regular Verbs finish hope try Irregular Verbs see sing go
Simple Form No final s, ed, or ing
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SIMPLE PAST
Regular Verbs finished hoped tried Irregular Verbs saw sang went
Simple Past ed for regular verbs
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PAST PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs finished hoped tried Irregular Verbs seen sung gone
Past Participle ed for regular verbs perfect tenses & passive
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PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Regular Verbs finishing hoping trying Irregular Verbs seeing singing going
Present Participle ing for all verbs used with progressive tenses
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2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST
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Somebody spent all my money.
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SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST: PAST PARTICIPLE:
awake
awoke
awoken
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SIMPLE FORM:
forget
SIMPLE PAST:
forgot
PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten
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SIMPLE FORM:
SIMPLE PAST: PAST PARTICIPLE:
shave
shaved shaved/shaven
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SIMPLE FORM: SIMPLE PAST:
throw threw
PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown
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2-7 Lets Practice
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SIMPLE FORM:
SIMPLE PAST:
give
gave _____
given PAST PARTICIPLE: _____
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2-7 Lets Practice
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SIMPLE FORM:
SIMPLE PAST: PAST PARTICIPLE:
sit
___ sat ___ sat
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2-7 Lets Practice
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SIMPLE FORM:
SIMPLE PAST:
think
thought _______
thought PAST PARTICIPLE: _______
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2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
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He ran to work yesterday. He was running when the bus drove by.
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THE SIMPLE PAST

X
(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.

(b) Pat drove to work this morning. began and ended at particular time in the past
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THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X
(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by. (d) They were eating when I got home.
in progress was/were + -ing

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THE PAST PROGRESSIVE X X
(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running. (f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running. when = at that time while = during that time
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2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE
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He wasnt studying.
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STATEMENT
I-She-He-It was talking. You-We-They were talking. I-She-He-It was not talking. wasnt talking.
NEGATIVE
You-We-They were not talking. werent talking.
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QUESTION
Was I-she-he-it Were you-we-they
talking? talking?
SHORT ANSWER
Yes, I-she-he-it No, I-she-he-it Yes, you-we-they No, you-we-they
was. wasnt. were. werent.
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2-9 Lets Practice
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walk
were walking Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert.
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2-9 Lets Practice
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At 8:00, we began to work. work
were working At 8:30, we ____________.
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2-9 Lets Practice
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was looking Spot __________ at Mac. wasnt looking Mac _____________ at Spot.
look
Mac
Spot
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2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES
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Our son called while we were using the computer.
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main clause time clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause (b) I took a shower time clause after I exercised.
(a) time clause
main clause
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main clause time clause (a) After I exercised, I took a shower. main clause (b) I took a shower time clause after I exercised.
(b) main clause time clause
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(c) I took a shower after I exercised. (d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.
after before until as soon as while when
subject + and verb
a time clause
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(e) I exercised until I took a shower. (f) As soon as I exercised, I took a shower.
until = to that time and no longer as soon as = immediately after
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(g) Mary came home while I was studying. (h) When Mary came home, I was studying. main clause + comma + time clause
time clause + comma + main clause
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(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music. First: I rang the doorbell Then: it played music when allows simple past in both clauses
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(j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf. two actions at the same time past progressive okay in both
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2-10 Lets Practice
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attend work
were working While we ___________, our children

were attending ____________ school.
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2-10 Lets Practice
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fall asleep read
Lynn _________ while she __________ fell asleep was reading a book.
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2-10 Lets Practice
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First: I went shopping. Then: I put the food away.

I went shopping I put the food away After _____________, ________________.
I put the food away I went shopping ________________ after ______________.
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2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO
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He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.
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(a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesnt anymore. past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb
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used to
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(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon?
(OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)
did + subject + used to (OR did + subject + use to)
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(e) I didnt used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon. (f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it.
For negative ideas, never is more common.
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2-11 Lets Practice
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Correct?
The children used to swam in the ocean.
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2-11 Lets Practice
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Correct? No
The children used to swam in the ocean. The children used to swim in the ocean.
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2-11 Lets Practice
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Correct?
Were you used to ask questions in school?
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2-11 Lets Practice
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Correct? No
Were you used to ask questions in school? Did
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PHOTO CREDITS
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Copyright 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Images used under license from: Shutterstock, Inc. Clipart, Inc.
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CHAPTER CONTENT

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

We graduated from college in 2007.

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

watch + ed = watched answer + ed = answered

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

slept understood ate

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

THE SIMPLE PAST

Simple past forms of be

was and were

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

We started school last week.

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

I-You-She-He-It-We-They started school last week.

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

start school last week?

Yes, I-you-she-he-it-we-they did. No, I-you-she-he-it-we-they didnt.

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

She was sick last Monday.

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week.

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

STATEMENT I-She-He-It was home last week.

I-She-He-It was not home last week.

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Lets Practice

They were at the movies last night at 8:00.

They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00. werent

They were at the grocery store last night at 8:00. ____

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Lets Practice

This airplane was made in 1625.

wasnt This airplane ______ made in 1625.

This airplane was made in 1943. ___

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Lets Practice

Did Carla get a bad grade on her test?

Carla ________ a bad grade on her test. didnt get

Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test. got

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

She talked to me for an hour.

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

voiceless sound + -ed examples: /k/, /p/

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

voiced sound + -ed examples: /l/, /n/

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF ED ENDINGS

t (c) waited = wait / d/ d needed = need / d/

2-4 Lets Practice

2-4 Lets Practice

2-4 Lets Practice

2-4 Lets Practice

2-5 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

We are learning to speak English.

2-5 SPELLING OF ING AND ED FORMS

raining rained

studying _ _ studied

lying _ _ lied