Dr. Baker; 23f111c NAME ___________________________________ 1)Which of the following is a true statement?

A)Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. B)Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction C)Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. D)"Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage. E)Gametangia protect gametes from excess water.. 2)Most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil by a plant are absorbed by A)the thick parts of the roots near the base of the stem B)storage roots. D)sections of the roots that have secondary xylem E)fibrous roots

C)root hairs

3)Beginning with the germination of a moss spore, what is the sequence of structures that develop after germination? 1. embryo 2. gametes 3. sporophyte 4. protonema 5. leafy gametophyte A)4 3 5 2 1 B)4 5 2 1 3 C)3 1 4 5 2 D)3 4 5 2 1 E)4 1 3 5 2 4)A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to A)mosses. B)gymnosperms. C)charophytes. D)flowering plants. E)ferns. 5)A major change that occurred during the evolution of plants from their algal ancestors was the origin of a branched sporophyte. What advantage would branched sporophytes provide in this stage of the life cycle? A)increased size of the diploid stage B)increased gamete production C)increased spore production D)increased potential for independence of the diploid stage from the haploid stage E)increased fertilization rate 6) What is the shared, derived character in the part of a cladogram that includes angiosperms and gymnosperms? a. vascular tissue b. flowers c. seeds d. swimming sperm e. gametangia 7)A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur? A)Because the pollen grains are independent of the plant that produced them, they will not absorb either stain. B)The pollen grains will be pure red. C)The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors. D)The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors. E)The pollen grains will be pure blue. 8)Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs? 1. sporophyte embryo 2. female gametophyte 3. egg cell 4. megaspore A)1 4 3 2 B)1 4 2 3 C)4 1 2 3 D)4 3 2 1 E)4 2 3 1 9)Which of these statements is true of monocots? A)Each possesses multiple cotyledons. B)They have flower parts in multiples of 4s and 5s C)They belong to the clade that includes most of our crops, except the cereal grains. D)The veins of their leaves form a netlike pattern. E)They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta. 10)Among plants known as legumes (beans, peas, alfalfa, clover, etc.) the seeds are contained in a fruit that is itself called a legume, better known as a pod. Upon opening such pods, it is commonly observed that some ovules have become mature seeds, whereas other ovules have not. Thus, which of these statements is/are true? 1. The flowers that gave rise to such pods were not pollinated. 2. Pollen tubes did not enter all of the ovules in such pods. 3. There was apparently not enough endosperm to distribute to all of the ovules in such pods. 4. The ovules that failed to develop into seeds were derived from sterile floral parts. 5. Fruit can develop, even if all ovules within have not been fertilized. A)1 and 5 B) 2 and 4 C) 1 only D) 2 and 5 E) 3 and 5

11)One of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to A)emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size. B)increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced. C)decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells. D)coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores. E)promote diversity in flower shape and color. 12)In a typical angiosperm, what is the sequence of structures encountered by the tip of a growing pollen tube on its way to the egg? 1. micropyle 2. style 3. ovary 4. stigma A)1 3 4 2 B)4 3 2 1 C)4 2 3 1 D)1 4 2 3 E)3 2 4 1 13)Which of the following is not a gymnosperm? A) Cycadophyta B) Ginkgophyta E) All of these are gymnosperms

C) Lycophyta

D) Coniferophyta

14)Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system? A)root hair/epidermal tissue B)palisade parenchyma/ground tissue C)companion cell /ground tissue D)tracheid/vascular tissue E)guard cell/epidermal tissue 15)Vascular plant tissue includes all of the following cell types except A)sieve cells. B)companion cells. C)tracheids. D)cambium cells. 16) A rhizome is a(n) A)filament of cells without vascular tissue D)anchoring structure for a plant

E)vessel elements.

B)horizontal root E)none of these

C)horizontal stem

17)Which of the following are relatively unspecialized cells that retain the ability to divide and perform most of the plant's metabolic functions of synthesis and storage? A)sclerenchyma cells B)parenchyma cells C)sieve-tube elements D)collenchyma cells E)tracheids and vessel elements 18)Which of the following have unevenly thickened primary walls that support young, growing parts of the plant? A)parenchyma cells B)tracheids and vessel elements C)sieve-tube elements D)collenchyma cells E)sclerenchyma cells 19)Plants contain meristems whose only function is to A)attract pollinators. B)absorb ions. C)photosynthesize. 20)Which of the following arise from lateral meristem activity? A)trichomes B)leaves C)secondary xylem D)tubers

D)produce flowers.

E)divide.

E)all of the these

21)The driving force that pushes the root tip through the soil is primarily A)continuous cell division in the root cap at the tip of the root. B)elongation of cells behind the root apical meristem. C)continuous cell division just behind the root cap in the center of the apical meristem. D)A and B only. E)A, B, and C. 22)Which of the following root tissues gives rise to lateral roots? A)cortex B)endodermis C)epidermis

D)phloem

E)pericycle

23)As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. The nail is now __________ meters above the ground. A)0.5 B) 3.0 C) 15.0 D) 1.5 E) 28.5

24)Which of the following is a true statement? A)Flowers may have secondary growth. B)Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. C)Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem. D)Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. E)Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 25)If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, A)the annual rings, phloem, and cork. B)the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. C)the summer wood, bark, and phloem. D)the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. E)the newest xylem, oldest xylem, and periderm. 26)Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left functional was (were) the A)cortex. B)companion and sieve-tube members. C)xylem. D)cork cambium. E)phloem. 27)In plant roots, the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following? A)It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. B)It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients. C)It is located in the walls between endodermal cells and cortex cells. D)It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele. E)It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 28)Which regulates the flow of water through the xylem? A)the evaporation of water from the leaves C)active transport by tracheid and vessel elements.

B)passive transport by the endodermis D)active transport by sieve-tube members

29)Phloem transport of sucrose can be described as going from "source to sink." Which of the following would not normally function as a sink? A)growing root B)storage organ in summer C)shoot tip D)mature leaf E)growing leaf 30)Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the phloem. 1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes. 2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis. 3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes. 4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf. 5. Sugar moves down the stem. A)2, 1, 4, 3, 5 B)2, 4, 1, 3, 5 C)2, 4, 3, 1, 5 D)4, 2, 1, 3, 5 E)1, 2, 3, 4, 5 31)Fruits have contributed to the success of angiosperms by A)facilitating dispersal of seeds by wind and animals B)producing triploid cells via double fertilization C)producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat, the ovary D)nourishing the seeds inside E)attracting insects to the pollen inside 32)Arrange these adaptations to terrestrial existence in the order in which they first appeared during the evolution of land plants: 1. seeds 2. vascular tissues 3. cuticle 4. flowers A)3, 2, 4, 1 B) 2, 3, 4, 1 C) 2, 4, 1, 3 D) 2, 3, 1, 4 E) 3, 2, 1, 4 33)Plant spores give rise directly to A)sporophytes. B)gametes.

C)gametophytes.

D)zygotes.

E)seeds.

34)The sori of ferns are analogous to which structures? A)spores of bryophytes B)capsules of moss sporophytes C)gametangia of hornwort gametophytes D)protonema of moss gametophytes E)strobili of horsetail sporophytes 35)Which of the following is a trend in the evolution of land plants? A)a decrease in the size of the leaf B)the reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle C)the elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei D)reduction in function of the stomata E)the replacement of roots by rhizomes 36)In terms of alternation of generations, the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are equivalent to a A)moss sporophyte. B)moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia. C)fern sporophyte. D)hermaphroditic fern gametophyte. E)fern gametophyte that will bear only antheridia. 37) In fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which A)means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. B)results in more genetic variation during sexual reproduction. C)allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. D)creates dikaryotic cells. E)is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic. Use the following choices to identify the phrases for the questions below. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Bryophyta B. Pterophyta C. Coniferophyta D. Anthophyta 38)non-motile sperm, wind- and insect-pollinated 39)endosperm, xylem vessels, and tracheids 40)no true vascular tissues, sporophyte dependent upon gametophyte, small leaflike appendages 41)"naked" seeds, nonmotile sperm 42)What is the main way that pine trees disperse their offspring? They use A)fruits that are eaten by animals. B)spores. C)squirrels to bury cones. E)flagellated sperm swimming through water. 43) A new grass seedling has the first leaf protected by the a. coleoptile b. hypocotyl hook c. seed coat

D)wind-blown seeds.

d. cotyledon

e. scutellum

44)Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm. 1.ovary 2.ovule 3.egg 4.carpel 5.embryo sac A)4, 2, 1, 5, 3 B)4, 5, 2, 1, 3 C)5, 4, 3, 1, 2 D)5, 1, 4, 2, 3 E)4, 1, 2, 5, 3 45)Which of the following incorrectly pairs a sporophyte embryo with its food source? A)pine embryo; female gametophyte tissue B)grass embryo; endosperm tissue in seed C)moss embryo; female sporophyte tissue D)fern embryo; photosynthetic gametophyte 46)Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed coat? A)integuments of the ovule B) integuments of the ovary E) the stigma

C) the triploid endosperm

D) the style

47)Double fertilization means that angiosperms A)are the only plants that can produce dizygotic twins. B)have embryos that are triploid. C)have two sperm nuclei, both of which unite with nuclei of the female gametophyte. D)have two sperm nuclei, which simultaneously fertilize the single egg. E)Both B and D are true. 48)Which part of the female gametophyte contributes to the formation of endosperm upon successful fertilization? A)egg B) synergids C)antipodal cells D) polar nuclei 49)Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. This success is due to all of the following except A)animal pollination. B)reduced gametophytes. C)fruits enclosing seeds. D)xylem with vessels. E)sperm cells with flagella. 50)Fungi are all of the following except A)eukaryotes. B)decomposers.

C)symbionts.

D)absorptive heterotrophs.

E)autotrophs.

51)When a mycelium grows into an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what is most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter? A)haustoria B)soredia C)exoenzymes D)increased oxygen levels E)larger bacterial populations 52)The primary role of the mushroom's underground mycelium is A)absorbing nutrients. B)anchoring. C)sexual reproduction. 53)The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are A)composed of hyphae. B)referred to as a mycelium. D)Only A and B E)A, B, and C

D)asexual reproduction.

E)protection.

C)usually underground.

The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in Figure 30.1. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents a process.

Figure 30.1 54) Which number represents the mature gametophyte? A) 7 B) 3 C) 5 D) 11 E) 1 55) Which number represents a zygote/embryo? A) 1 B) 11 C) 3 D) 9 E) 7 56) Which numbers represent haploid cells or tissues? A) 1, 5, and 7 B) 1, 3, and 11 C) 7, 9, and 11 D) 1, 3, and 5

E) 5, 7, and 9

57) In angiosperms, which number most nearly represents the event that initiates the formation of endosperm? A) 6 B) 4 C) 10 D) 8 E) 12 58) The process labeled "6" involves A) fertilization. B) nuclear fission.

C) mitosis.

D) meiosis.

E) binary fission.

59) The embryo sac of an angiosperm flower is best represented by which number? A) 7 B) 1 C) 3 D) 11 E) 9 60) Meiosis is most likely to be represented by which number(s)? A) 2 and 8 B) 4 and 8 C) 10 and 12 D) 4 E) 2 61) Which number represents a megaspore mother cell? A) 3 B) 11 C) 7 D) 1 E) 5 62) Pollination A) occurs after fertilization C) occurs at the same time as fertilization E) none of the above

B) occurs before fertilization D) is the same thing as fertilization

63) In a Hibiscus flower the structure that surrounds the style is a. fused carpels b. fused anthers c. fused filaments of the stamens e. fused sepals

d. fused petals

64) In seed plants, which part of a pollen grain has a function most like that of the seed coat? A) stigma B) male gametophyte C) sporangium D) sporopollenin E) sporophyll 65) Which substance makes wood hard? a. sporopollenin b. cutin

c. lignin

d. cellulose

e. peptidoglycan