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Chapter 1

The Problem and its Background

INTRODUCTION In all learning institutions, both public and private, school facilities are indispensable. This means that all schools of no exemption will provide necessary facilities for conveniences and for a better learning process. But for some reasons, there are a lot of schools nationwide which do not have enough materials to gauge the fast-moving methodologies in the world of teaching. The said scarcity has become a problem of the government and other private sectors which do not cope with the standards so that the effects are obviously seen by the type of students they are producing every now and then. Because of this, a very alarming turn-over of students and teachers is experienced by the different schools for a reason that these individuals are in quest for standardization in terms of quality education. School facilities need to be addressed. These are the demands of both teachers and students in so far as teaching- learning process is concerned. These are the key factors that is process is deeply anchored. Although for a fact that most of the schools meet many problems in common, the government and other private sectors fail to point out the main cause of the problem. A certain school like VILLAMOR AIR BASE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL is looking for assistance to improve our school building for the purpose of meeting the standards of a quality education, hoping that the suggested developments for the school programs like the school facilities shall be met in due time. And properly meet the standards of the school.

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With this on- going study it is but time and proper to advance the findings to the stockholders so that the necessary adjustments shall be made soonest for the said improvement. In relation, the current problem met by Villamor Air Base Elementary School which is the deterioration of the enrollment that is very alarming would be given solution if in case an educational facility is one of the factors that affect this existing problem. It is in this context that this study is conducted; to assess the educational facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School; if there any, among the teachers and the students of the said school for future. Do the school facilities really matter? Myriad factors clearly affect the students and teachers retention, but most teaching and learning take place in a specific physical location (school building) and the quality if that location can affect the ability of teachers to teach, teachers morale, and the very health and safety of teachers and students. It is for the reason that (GAO 1995) has evidently disseminated the usefulness of the educational facilities for the teaching-learning process. At present, improving school facilities appear and foster good plans for the schools that wish to standardize matters in terms of school facilities, supervision, management and administration. The researcher wishes that all schools in the future, including Villamor Air Base Elementary School and the like, shall be given the opportunity to establish foundation based on standard that would help every citizen acquire a quality education.

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Background of the Study Villamor Air Base Elementary School is situated in a busy commercial and military base/camp. It has maintained its modest but efficient service to students, parents and to the community as a whole. The noise from airplanes and helicopters which have constant flight patterns above the school, caused a setback in the achievement level of our pupils. The decline of enrolment caused by transfer of assignments of military personnel, the demolition of houses of some of the poor families nearby and would be transfer of the school in to another location also affected the socio-economical stability of our pupils Villamor Air Base is located at the southeastern part of the city. It is bounded by Fort Bonifacio area in the north; Phil. Air Lines Area in the South; Paranaque area in the East and Pasay City area in the West.Villamor Air Base Elementary School formerly Nichols Air Base Elementary School was established in 1951. Barangay 183, used to be a Military Reservation area.It was the former village for enlisted personnel of the Phil. Air Force known as the Airmens Barrio. But with the passage of the Bases Conversion Act during the Ramos administration, some portion of Villamor Air Base were then sold and developed into commercial use. In line with giving our pupils a learning environment conducive to learning our school transferred to a new big school donated by Mega World. However sad to note that a years go by the researcher found out that the structuring of a new building was sub-standard for the reason that flooring of some rooms is not conducive to health condition of our pupils. The researcher think of asking assistance to some private sectors and also our government to repair and maintenance of our building to meet the needs of pupils in regards to academic performance which will contribute to have a quality education likewise the researcher would like to acknowledge those concern who had contributed much to the success of the improvement of the school in general. Furthermore, the researcher would like that is not only Villamor Air Base Elementary School are they going to give assistance but also other neighboring school in the Division of Pasay.

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The Villamor Air Base Elementary School in its goal to achieve its Mission and Vision this School Improvement Plan has been envisioned planned carefully by all stakeholders involved and be implemented to improve quality education thru improved school performance. Now the school has continued to operate not only for its educational strengths but also in other aspects that would help sustain the institution for the fullest development and modern facilities.

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Theoretical Framework

This study is based and anchored in the theory of ergonomics (Educational Facilities, revised edition handbook on school plant, 1993) which pertains to the laws of theories of energy expenditures. This theory states that the efficiency of a person on his working environment. As it is applied to education, it is concerned with the creation of the proper school environment which is most conductive to the efficient performance of the teaching- learning tasks. The ergonomics of the educational facilities involves such factors such as anthropometry, thermal comfort, visual comfort, acoustical comfort, color, and safety. And to support this theory of ergonomics, Earthman and Lemasters (1997) reviewed some of the key researches into how school facilities affect students performance. They conducted that students achievement is higher when windows, floors, heat, roofs, locker conditions, ceiling, laboratory conditions, age of the facility, lightning, interior paint, mopped floors, cosmetic conditions in general were rated above standard by school staffs. Frazier (1989), on- the other hand, stated that teachers and their pupils often work in a physical environment that adversely affects their morale, and in some cases, their health. She mentioned factors such as run-down physical facilities, and problems with indoor air quality. Frazier argued that problems associated with inadequate indoor air quality are particularly concerning, since they impair students concentration and diminish their health.

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Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Status of the School Plant and Physical Facilities in Terms Of: 1. School Site 2. Campus 3. Building Services 4. Classrooms 5. Office, staff rooms and Function rooms 6. Auditory 7. Assembly and Athletic Facilities 8. Medical/ Dental Clinic 9. Food Service Area 10. Student Services

1. Assessment of the School Plant and Physical Facilities as perceived by: a. Teachers b. Students

2. Comparative Analysis of the Perceptions of both Teachers and Students on the School Plant and Physical Facilities.

1. TeachingLearning Quality 2. Improved quality of Education 3. Enhanced Teacher- Student Relationship in terms of the teaching learning Process 4. Better Teacher Performer. 5. Better Students/ Learners Achievers.

FEEDBACK

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Conceptual Framework:

The Input- Process- Output (IPO) schematic conceptualization of the study simply explains the wholeness of the entire study as perceived by the researcher. The input in terms of the different educational facilities like the school site, campus, building services, classrooms, office/ staff rooms/ function rooms, auditorium, assembly and the athletic facilities, medial/dental clinic, food service area, student services are among the chosen variables mostly needed by all learning institution. He (researcher) believes that the chosen educational facilities have something to do with the development of both teachers and students in their performance and achievement in school in the long run. And to scientifically find the relationship of the educational facilities to teachers performance and to students achievement, he has undergone survey- test in the form of questionnaire, assessing the teachers and students perceptions on the said educational facilities. Comparative analysis was made right after he had gathered the data and he used appropriate statistical tools for the computations and findings. This is exactly the process that he had gone through in order for him to concertize the data obtained from both respondents based from their responses on the given instrumentation. And the result of which will help the researchers comes- up, with the exact data that would suffice the needed information for the study. A process that has undergone by him in terms of assessing the educational facilities as perceived by the teachers and students by means of a questionnaire and the comparative analysis on the perceptions of both teachers and students by means of statistical tools would probably clear out the problems and would open an avenue for concrete solutions in due time. And if the findings would be given immediate actions by the owners, the staffs and among many others, the expected output is at dawn for a change. The expected possible changes would improve teaching- learning process, and a better teacher and a better student in terms of performance and achievement are expected to happen.

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The feedback foretells the outcome of the study, whether or not the research conducted has benefit something and the quest for immediate solutions for the problems has become apparent and possible. Through this, a wise decision has to be made by the people currently involved in so far as the present standing of the school is at stake. The above figure demonstrates how the educational facilities help improved both teachers and the students in terms of their performances and achievements in school respectively. Teachers and students play an important role in the teachinglearning process and this will be never are possible without the presence of the school plant and the physical facilities of the school. They are basically the aid for learning that would somehow help the teachers and students attain a quality education. To further find the need of both respondents on the educational facilities, the researcher has undergone different processes.

Statement of the Problem This study aimed to find out the assessment of the school plant and physical facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School as perceived by the teachers and the students. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: 1. How may the status of school plant and physical facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School be described in terms of: a. School Site b. Campus c. Building Services d. Classrooms e. Offices, Staff Rooms and Function Rooms

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f. g. h. i. j.

Auditorium Assembly and Athletic Facilities Medical/ Dental Clinic Food Service Area Student Services

2. What is the status of the school facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School as perceived by the teachers and the students in terms of: a. School Site b. Campus c. Building Services d. Classrooms e. Offices, Staff Rooms and Function Rooms f. Auditorium g. Assembly and Athletic Facilities h. Medical/ Dental Clinic i. Food Service Area j. Student Services 3. Is there a significant difference between the teachers and the students as to their perceptions in terms of educational facilities aforementioned? 4. What are the activities that may be adapted to improve the physical program of the school?

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Null Hypothesis There is no significant difference in perceptions between the teachers and the students on the educational facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School in terms of: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. School Site Campus Building Services Classrooms Offices, Staff Rooms and Function Rooms Auditorium Assembly and Athletic Facilities Medical/ Dental Clinic Food Service Area Student Services

Significance of the Study

It is only after a detailed accurate survey and a thorough investigation of available information made on the assessment of the school facilities that the findings are expected to be useful and significant to the following: Administrators, with full notice and understanding of how important the school facilities for future, the administrators can improve the necessities of promoting a quality education for all. Teachers, the result of the study which focuses on the importance of the educational facilities which will help improve the teaching- learning process will surely help the teachers work for the better and change their traditional ways of teaching into the modern techniques and methodologies.

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Students, with the improved teaching performance of the teachers because of the complete educational facilities, the students can be assured of a quality education based from a quality teaching- learning performance of the teachers. Researchers, future researchers who are hungry for information about their studies can possibly get comprehensive information and other facts elated to their studies.

Scope and Limits of the Study This study is chiefly concerned with the assessment of the school facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School during the school year 2009-2010. It involved the participation of 36 teachers who present 90% of the total faculty of Villamor Air Base Elementary School,35 grade 3 students who present 35% of the total population, 228 grade 4 students who present 35 % of the entire population. Dealing with the efficacy of the results of this study the researcher selected a wider scope of respondents that compromise the 36 teachers and 263 students through the process sampling using Slovins formula for the total number of student respondents and stratified random sampling were used exclusively for two groups of students in their respective departments and purposive sampling was employed for the teachers.

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Definition of Terms The following terms used in this study carry specific meaning as used in this research. It is for this reason that the researcher unlocked the terms so that they could be easily understood by the readers.

Academic Performance- pertains to the outcome of students achievement in all academic subjects which are affected by the school educational facilities. Accessibility- a college school site must be easily accessible to the greatest number of pupils it intends to serve. It must have a suitable frontage on a public road, preferably on a quiet street if it is in a city and not shut in from the main highway by private property or from dense groves of tall trees. There should be no swamps and irrigation ditches around it. Acoustics- the scientific study of sound, especially of its generation, propagation, perception and the interaction with materials and other forms of radiation; the effect of sound, especially as produced in an enclosed space. Acoustical comfort- a good environment for acoustical comfort in school requires that noise be controlled to proper levels so that every child in a class can hear clearly what is being spoken by the teachers above all other sounds inside and outside a classroom. Anthropometry- is the science of measuring the human body, its parts and functional capacities. An important principle in the ergonomic of the educational facilities is that it should be designed and scaled to fit the sizes of their users on the basis of their partbody measurements. The basic body measurement is the standing height of individual.

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Assembly and Athletic Facilities- it includes the seating capacity, availability of the facilities, comfort rooms, the storage facility for equipment, good acoustics, proper ventilation, and sanitary drinking water. Assessment- the respondents evaluation along the (10) areas as measured by a set of item statements contained in the questionnaires and rated along a 5- point scale. Auditorium this is the place where formal conferences, seminars, stage act play, academic contests, etc. are housed. Building Services it includes fire exits, the fire exits, and the fire alarm systems, the buildings, the buildings corridors/doorways/ and alleys, water facilities, wellmaintained toilets and lavatories, lightning, ventilations, bulletin boards, janitorial and security services. Canteen this is the place where students should be quite spacious enough to hold the total number of population enrolled. Campus- this is the total area of school where students can move freely within the vicinity. Classrooms- these are mainly the compartments of the school building where the formal education are held and executed. Clinic- it is where students, teachers, staff and other school personnel are brought for personal health check-up or when other health problems arise. This is the place where temporary treatment or first aide on a patient is done. Color- it refers to the application of color or paint, on educational facilities. It is design for the following reasons: to contribute to visual comfort, for aesthetic effect, to preserve and protect materials, and for safety precautions.

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Drinking Fountain- this is one of the most important stations that a school must possess for the students welfare. The potable water which is safe to drink can assure students to drink clean water not from anywhere where students health is haphazard. Educational Facilities- it refers to the physical property of a school, consisting of the grounds, buildings and the various facilities within the school grounds and inside the school buildings. Environment- a suitable environment for a school site is one that is quite, decent, safe and healthful. It should be far from recreational places of questionable character (cockpits, dancehalls, bowling alleys, gambling dens, cinema houses, beer gardens, snack bars with juke box, jails, shipyards, busy highways, manufacturing and industrial establishments, military barracks, as well as public market, slaughterhouse, or garbage dump) Ergonomics- pertains to the laws of work or theories of energy expenditure and involves the study of the efficiency of persons in their working environment. Faculty Room- one of the most important areas that a school must provide because this is the place where teachers are supposed to station themselves during their vacant periods. This is the room where teachers are directed in making their lesson plans, checking papers, recording test results, computing the grades and many others. Food Service Area- it includes the distinct area for food, canteen services, adequate water supply, cleanliness and orderliness, cordial atmosphere, balanced food, tables and chairs. Location-a college school site should be well-located near the center of the present and probable population to be served. It should be some distance fro the town in order to provide equal accommodation for outlaying settlements. The maximum distance for any pupil to walk between school and home should be two kilometers.

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Medical/Dental Clinic- it refers to the medical and dental supplies, safe and lean water, storage facilities for medicine and equipment, medical and dental records and efficient services rendered by the medical and dental staff. Offices-these are the most important part of a school because they are usually the place where school personnel and staff are house and stationed. Physical Plant- the site, buildings, equipment and services are of components of the physical plant. The site must be free from risks of ethical and physical constraints. The building should be strongly built with classrooms equipped with proper ventilation and have reasonable space to accommodate the required number of students. The school should manifest keen awareness of the educational development by expanding or improving its physical plant and procuring equipment and supplies which are modern and updated. School- is an institution where the formal education of every individual is held and documented. School Building-this is the physical structure of a school where the formal education is held. This is the place where students and teachers meet each other for a common purpose. School Climate- this refers to the students schooling atmosphere in the subjectschool as shaped and influenced by the principal and teachers educational interests over which pupils show favorable attitudes toward schooling and learning. School Ground- a land area where the different activities of a school are to be conducted, especially during intramurals and other athletic competitions. School Plant- all the physical property of a school which includes the school site, buildings, and the various facilities. It is also termed as Physical Plant or Physical facilities or Educational Facilities.

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School Site- this includes the environment, accessibility to transportation, space for expansion, adequate drainage and sewerage facilities, traffic and transportation hazards, site plan for driveways and parking areas. Site- an area or plot of ground with defined limits in which a building, project, park, etc., is located or proposed to be located. Soil Condition- generally, an agricultural land which sandy loam soil is considered best for school sites, with the topsoil properly balanced to support vegetation and permit surface drainage without erosion. The subsoil should provide a proper base for economical and substantial foundation of the buildings to be constructed in the site. Students the terms refers to the number of individuals who are officially enrolled in a school for educational attainment. Student Services- this involves admission, guidance organization and administration, guidance services, health and food services. Subject Respondents- refer to the teachers and the students who participated in the study. Teachers- the term refers to the faculty members who perform the teaching job. Teaching Performance- it refers to a document, specifically to the performance of teachers as indicated by the ratings given by the principals or by the supervisors. Thermal Comfort- to be thermally comfortable, the internal climate in school should be cool, pleasant and satisfying. Thermal comfort in school is obtained either by artificial means (electric fan, air conditioner, etc.) or by natural ventilation Topography- the general contour of the land should be level and should have no irregular boundaries.

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Visual Comfort- visual comfort in school is indicated when students and teachers can carry on classrooms work without unnecessarily straining their eyes or experiencing visual comfort. Good lighting, whether by natural daylight or artificial light, is characterized by the quality of illumination.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The chapter presents a summary of literature and studies conducted by foreign and local researchers which are considered relevant to the present study.

A. Related Literature Foreign Andrews and Neuroth (1997) discussed health risks associated with inadequate indoor air quality, which have a greater effect on children than adults. They provide historical background to indoor air quality issues and outline the reasons to be concerned about air quality in schools. Andrews and Neuroth assert that school facililty planners have the moral obligation to do everything possible to mitigate conditions that may contribute to poor indoor air. Capell and Lewis characterized poor indoor air quality in school as a serious problem that harms students health and learning. They estimate that roughly 19 % of the U.S. schools have indoor air quality problems, affecting over 8.4 million students. They provide a number of reasons that school focus on improving indoor air quality, including gains in student and teacher productivity, reduced health problems and lower costs. Chan hypothesizes a link between the condition of the school facilities and student achievement. This revised version of Chans study on the effects of building age on pupils report on the same basic research into the physical environments impact on 8th graders achievement. Chan and Perie (1998) reviewed recent developments in brain research as they pertain to learning environments. They addressed issues such as the need for adequate ventilation, aesthetically pleasing facilities, proper color and lighting, comfortable

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temperatures and quite surroundings. Chan and Perie summarized by stating, The significance of the learning environment can not be under estimated. Earthman and Lemasters (1997) presented a research review focusing on the effect of the school physical environment on students performance. They stated that every study they describe clearly shows a relationship between student performance, both achievement and behavior and the condition of the built environment. They conclude that student achievement is higher when windows, floors, heat, roofs, locker conditions, ceilings, laboratory conditions, age of the facility, lighting, interior paint, mopped floors, cosmetic conditions in general were rated above standard by school staffs. The attitude and behavior of pupils is also affected by these factors. Canter and Stringer (1993) and other contributors to Environmental Interaction investigated how the physical environment affects people. While not written exclusively about schools, many of the specific factors addressed to the school environment, including climate (temperature, humidity and ventilation), light, noise and spatial layout. A number of broader themes discussed also are relevant to the school environment, such as the need for considering how specific factors interact with each other. Overall, the authors argue, that physical surroundings have both physiological and psychological effects on humans. Earthman, Cash and Berkum (1995) examines the connection between school building and pupil achievement and behavior in North Dakota High Schools. Their results indicated that, there is a relationship between the condition of a school building and the performance of students on achievement tests, although the precise nature of the link was not determined. Hathaway (1992) asked what signal school buildings sent to the students who inhabit them. Factors including air quality, color, light, noise and temperature and their physiological and psychological effects on humans are discussed. He concludes, In all

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probability, educational facilities have closely coupled relationships to learning and human performance. King, et al. presented a literature review and analysis of the research on the relationships between the behavior of individuals and their educational environments. Specific factors discussed in this literature review include acoustics, climate, color, and lighting, King,et al. concluded climate (temperature, humidity and air circulation) and acoustics do seem to significantly affect academic achievement and task performance. They stated that the effects of color and lighting are less clear, although likely significant. McGuffeys research review and focusing on the ways educational facilities affect student achievement, performance and self-concept. The specific factors investigated in his literature review include school building age, temperature, lighting, color, noise, and building maintenance. McGuffey acknowledges that the range of sources reviewed is broad, and it is sometimes difficult to draw uniform conclusions from such disparate materials. Nonetheless, McGuffey was confident enough in the data to content that the above factors do impact student incomes. (McGuffey, C. W Facilities .Improving Educational Standards and Productivity. ED. Herbert Walberg, Berkeley: McCutchan, 1992. 237-281). Many factors contribute to the quality of the school building and, in turn, affect the quality of teachers life and educational outcomes. For example, the poor indoor air quality and old chairs (IAQ) are widespread and many schools suffer from the sick building syndrome (see for example EPA 2000) which in turns increases students absenteeism and reduces students performance (see EPA 2000; Kennedy 2001; Leach 1997; Smedje and Norbach 1999; Rosen and Richardson 1999). Another area which is research has linked school facilities to teachers performance is thermal comfort Lowe (1999) found the best teachers in the country (Winners of State Teachers of the Year Awards) emphasized their ability to control classrooms temperature as central to the performance of both teachers and students. Lackney (1999) showed that teachers believe thermal comfort affects both teaching quality and student achievement. Corcoran et al (1999) focused on how the physical

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condition of school facilities, including thermal factors , effects teachers morale and effectiveness (also see Heschong Mahone Group 2002). Classrooms lightings play a particularly critical role in students performance (Phillips 1997). Jaggo and Thanner (1999) cited results of seventeen studies from the mid-1930s to 1997. The consensus of these studies is that appropriate lighting improve test scores, reduces off-sack behavior an display a significant role in achievement of the students. Lemasters (1997) synthesis of fifty- three studies pertaining to school facilities student achievement, and student behavior reports that daylight foster higher student achievement. The study by the Heschong, Mohave Group, covering more then 2000 classrooms in three school districts, is perhaps the most cited evidence about the effects of daylight. The study indicated that students with the most classroom daylight progressed 20% faster on reading tests than those students who learned in an environments the received the least amount of natural light ( Heschong, Mohave Group 1999; also see Plympton; Conaway and Epstein 2000). The final facility condition that is noted here pertains to the noise levels. The research linking acoustics to learning is consistent and convincing: good acoustics are fundamental to good academic performance. Earthman and Lemasters (1997) reported three key findings; that higher student achievement is associated with schools that have less external noise, which outside noise caused increased student dissatisfaction with their classrooms, and that excessive noise causes stress in students (also see Grandell, Salddino, and Flexer 1995). Teachers also attach importance to the noise levels in classrooms and schools. Lackney (1999) found that teachers believe that noise impairs academic performance. Indeed, it appears that external noise causes more discomfort and lowered efficiency for teachers than for students (Lucas 1990). Again schools in our study are failing to provide this basic input to education. The researches and findings conducted by him are the awakening point for every learning institution to upgrade or even improve the learning conditions of the schools.

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Local Literature Laya (1986) specified that it is necessary to pinpoint areas of strength and deficiency of education so that solutions can be devised. Perhaps improvement in the curriculum, textbooks, medium of instruction, school facilities, teaching methods, teacher qualification, training in other aspects of the school system. Certainly, special effort needs to be taken in identifying the magnitude, location, nature and potential for education and quality upgrading. Silver (1983), in his keynote address delivered during the General Assembly of the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU), the Education Secretary stressed the need for the kind of instruments, structures, and the methods for assessing academic institution and for using this assessment as a way of improving the quality of education in the country.

B. Related Studies Foreign Studies McGuffey (1995) in his study focused on the ways educational facilities affect student achievement, performance and self- concept. The specific factors investigated in his literature review include all school building age, temperature, lighting color, noise, and building maintenance. Macguffey acknowledges that the range of sources reviewed is broad, and it is sometimes difficult to draw uniform conclusions from such disparate materials. Nonetheless, MacGuffey was confident enough in the data to contend that the above factors do impact student outcomes. Myrhvold and Oslen (1996) described a Norwaygian study of how the conditions of indoor environments, including indoor air quality and room temperature, affect students. Their results support the hypothesis that a good indoor environment in the school promotes the pupils health, well- being and performance as measured by a reaction time test. Maslow and Mintz examined the effect of beautiful, average and ugly rooms on people. They found that the more aesthetically pleasing the room, the higher the ratings of energy and well- being reported by subjects tested.

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Poyser (1993) reviewed literature relevant to the effect of the physical environment to the students. He complies a broad array of evidence investigating the impact of the classrooms physical environment on students ability to learn. The writings Poyser amasses provide support to the theory that physical surroundings play a major role in students overall learning experience. Poysers literature review covers broad topics areas, as well as specific elements of the school physical environment such as classroom layout, color, heating, lighting and noise. Longman (1993), in this book Designing Learning Environments, covered a broad spectrum of school planning design issues, from site selection to technology usage. In addition, he stressed the physical environments effect on learning. Other areas such as controlling noise levels, providing sufficient and appropriate lighting, and ensuring proper temperature, humidity and ventilation levels are also well- emphasized by him to ensure quality learning. State of California, School Sound Level Study, School Facilities and Transportation Division, California State Department of Education (1998). An ability to communicate between student and teacher is possible only when good sound control at range 58 and 65db. At these levels normal speech can be easily heard throughout the school building. Beyond 67 db, distraction occurs. This research shows that without carpet, effective sound control in open space classrooms is virtually impossible to achieve. Meek, Anne, ed. Designing Places For Learning. Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (1995). Meek introduced ways of looking at school as places of deep meaning and showed how that view of schools can alter our approaches to designing, constructing and renovating the buildings we inhabit, In addition she also focused on the architectural planning as a mean of school reform, designing buildings, constructing, designing buildings that facilitate learning and a positive social environment, and how to revamp older schools. Many case studies are presented to illustrate the effects that the physical environment has on students academic and behavioral outcomes.

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Local Studies Engracia (1997) in his study and research included philosophy and objectives, curriculum, research, community service, instruction, library and physical facilities. The researcher selected faculty members as respondents. In the same manner, Orpilla (2001) selected faculty members as respondents. Perception of the RTN staff, school administrators and faculty towards the dimension included in the PAASCU instrument, namely: philosophy and objectives, faculty, instruction, library and audio-visual center, laboratories, physical plant, student services administration and the school and community served as the basis for determining the strengths and weaknesses of the institution. Diaz (1989) used descriptive method in evaluating the Palawan State College Laboratory High School during the period 1979 to 1988, in terms of: a. Extent of growth of school facilities, faculty members, curriculum and enrollment, b. Perception of the respondents on teachers effectiveness and working classrooms atmosphere, facilities and administrative policies and practice. Her study revealed that Palawan State University in terms of School Facilities as Agreeable yet needing improvement. Saberola (1995) assessed the College of Education (CED) programs of Palawan State University to describe the present status along the areas of: mission, goals, and objectives, faculty, curriculum and instruction, student, research, extension and community involvement, library, physical plant and administration. These are the same areas considered by the Accrediting Agency for Chartered Colleges and universities in the Philippines (AACCUP).

C. Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies Synthesizing the related literature and studies presented, a successful administrator/ owner knows how to evaluate the importance of the school facilities running a school. The school facilities not only to help students augment their knowledge in terms of the teachinglearning process but also they attract students to be more positive and aggressive to study and to work harder even under pressure.

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Related studies by McGuffey (1995), Meek (1995) are expressing similar with the present undertaking since they are emphasizing the value of the school facilities in relation to the teaching performance of the teachers and the students achievement in school. Engracia (1997) on- the- other hand, based on her study, that school facilities are the requirements required by the PAASCU, an accrediting agency to determine the school strengths and weaknesses. Diaz (1989), Paras (1995) pointed out that school facility although existing needs to be improved or even become a state- of- the art facilities. With all documented studies and researches made by the pioneers of similar studies, it is but imperative for the school to comply with the requirements pertaining to the school educational facilities not just only for any ordinary reasons but also for the advancement and development of the educational system of the school especially in attaining the mission and vision of the school in all aspects of human development. Much more on the intellectual process where every individual is supposed to be enhanced and directed towards the new techniques and methodologies in all possible angles of knowledge and this can be only be facilitated with the help of the modern gadgets where the minds of both teachers and students will be sharpened. It is for the reason that (he), the researcher has continually searched for more facts and unbiased information to prove that school facilities is indeed a requirement in all learning institutions.

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies
Chapter III Research Method and Procedure This chapter shows the research design which needs the following procedures: the method of research, the respondents of the study and sampling techniques used, the instrumentation, the validation of the questionnaire, the data gathering procedures and the statistical treatment of the study and other related data. Research Method This study employed the descriptive- evaluation method. This method was chosen because this study endeavors to assess the status of the school facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School, Pasay City ad to identify which of the selected school facilities may be ranked ranging from 5- point scale as the highest down to 1- point scale as the lowest. The data of which would be based from the instrumentation distributed to the two groups of respondents namely: the teachers and the students of Villamor Air Base Elementary School. As cited by Calderon and Gonzales (1998), descriptive method of the research involves the description, recording analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or processes of phenomena. The focus was on the prevailing conditions, or how a person, group, or thing behaves or functions in the present. Respondents of the Study and Sampling Technique Used From the total of 650 students in grade six,100 students in grade five, 228 in grade four, and 35 students in grade three were randomly selected using the Slovins Formula to serve as respondents of the study and stratified sampling to determined the number of samples per grades. For teachers group, all were asked to participate in the study, thus purposive sampling was applied to this group of respondents. Instrument Used The questionnaire in the Physical Plant and Facilities handed by the Dean of the Graduate Studies,Dr. Gloria Yan of Pamantasan ng Pasay to him was basically used. Some of the items in the questionnaire were modified by the researcher.

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies

The questionnaire is divided into two parts described below: Part I- Demographic Profile of the Respondents This part contained pertinent data which may be related to the study which were: name (optional), gender, age, and educational attainment for the school year 2009-2010. Other data were used for identification purposes only. Part II- Assessment of Educational Facilities The questionnaire checklist assessing the educational facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School is considered of 68 items related to School, Site, Campus, Building Services, Classrooms, Offices/ Staff rooms and Function rooms, Auditorium, Assembly and Athletic Facilities, Medical and Dental Clinic, Food Services Area, and Students Services. The respondents checked the frequency with which they experienced each item during the school year 2009-2010 using the following responses: Strongly Agree, Agree, and Partially Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. These were measured on a five (5) point scale ranging from Strongly Agree (5) to Strongly Disagree (1). Validation of the Questionnaire Equipped with all the necessary materials for the questionnaire, Dr. Gloria Yan without further ado helped the researcher scrutinized the top 10 most indispensable educational facilities for the study. In addition, she had helped him sort out the most important statements/questions to be included in each of the aforesaid educational facilities most related to the study. After a through review of the following statements to be included the questionnaire, they arrived at 68 item statements ready for the survey. On- the- other hand, the chairman of the Defense Panel,will be Dr. Perfecto Marcelo had once read and edited the initial written work of the researcher and one thing for sure he had read the questionnaire found at the back page. After which he found out that there was no necessary correction or alteration for improvement. This simply means that the two most venerable mentors in the field of education have met in common. Right then, the questionnaire was reproduced and administered exclusively to the expected target of respondents.

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies
Data Gathering Procedure The researcher wrote a letter and secured permission of the School Principal through the Assistant school Principal of Villamor Air Base Elementary School. After which, the questionnaires were administered to respondents. The respondents were requested to accomplish the survey questionnaires within a day or two. Retrieval of the questionnaires followed. After the retrieval, he coded, summarized and tabulated the collected data in preparation for the data analysis and interpretation. Assurance was given to all respondents that their responses shall be treated with strict confidentiality and shall be used for research purposes only. Statistical Treatment of Data To ensure systematic and objective presentation, analysis and interpretation of data, the following descriptive and inferential statistical tests and techniques were applied: Weighted Mean, T- Test and Ranking. Weighted Mean- this was used to determine the status of the school facilities of Villamor Air Base Elementary School. WM= Weighted Mean = Summation of Weighted Frequency N = Number of Cases Table 4 presents the intervals of the weighted means with their descriptions and interpretation
Table 4

Obtained Weighted Means were interpreted on the following intervals:

Weighted Means 4.50-5.00 3.50-4.49 2.50-3.49 1.50-2.49 1.00-1.49 Description/Interpretation 5-StronglyAgree 4-Agree 3-Partially Agree 2-Disagree 1-Strongly Disagree

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies
To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference between the perception of the teachers and the students on the educational facilities, the t-test for independent samples was performed. The formula used was:

T=

Where: =mean of the sample =mean of the other sample = sum of squares of one sample = sum of squares of the other sample Profile of the Respondents Tables 1-3 present the profile of the respondents describing the research participants, the age and gender of each of the research participants. Table 1: Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Research Participants by category. Table 1
Category Teachers Grade 3 Grade 4 Total frequency 36 35 228 229 Present 12.04 11.71 76.25 100

= size of the sample = size of the other sample

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies
As the data revealed, there are 229 total numbers of participants, 36 were teachers with the percentage of 12.04 % in the distribution of the respondent and there are 263 students comprising the grade 3 and grade 4 students with the percentage of 87.96% in the respondents distribution. Table 2 represents the age of the respondents in an interval of 5 in every age bracket by category. Table 2 Profile of the respondents in Terms of Age
Age Group Teachers Frequency 45-49 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 4 6 8 10 8 0 0 0 36 Percent 11.11 16.67 22.22 27.78 22.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 Students Frequency 0 0 0 0 0 0 172 191 263 Percent 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 65.40 34.60 100.00

10-14 6-9 Total

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG PASAY

College of Graduate Studies
The data from the teachers group revealed that 4 or 11.11% of the group under the age bracket 45-39 is in the last rank, 6 or 16.67% of the respondents belonged to the age bracket 3539 is in third rank, while 8 or 22.22% of the respondents fitted in to the age brackets 20-24 and 30-34 are in the second rank and 10 or 27.78% of the group respondents who were in the right place to the age bracket 25-29 is in the first rank. Alternatively, the data of the students group showed that 172 or 65.40% of the group underage bracket 10-14is in the lowest rank and 191 or 34.60% of the respondents who were in the age bracket 6-9 is in the first rank. Table 3 presents the respondents profile in terms of gender as to the number of male and female by category. Table 3

Teachers Gender Frequency Male 11 Percent 30.56

Students Frequency 103 Percent 39.16

Female

25

69.44

160

60.84

Total

36

100.00

263

100.00

Starting from the teachers group, there were more females than males based on the data as 25 or 69.44% against 11 or 30.56% for the males. For the students group, the data show that, there were 160 or 60.84% females and 103 or 39.16% males. These findings disclose that females dominate the number of the respondents in the study.