TMJarticulation bet. squamous part of temp.

bone and head of condyle JOINT - from a Latin word jungeri which means to join. ARTICULATION from Latin term articulate which means to connect. OTHER TERMS OF TMJ: Temporomandibular articulation Mandibular joint Mandibular articulation Craniomandibular articulation -is Ginglymo-arthrodial joint Gliding type bet. The articular disc and 2 articular surfaces of temporal bone Hinge type bet. Inf. Surface of ant. Disk and head of condyle *gliding motion in the upper comp. Of the jint bet. Disc & temp. Bone *Hinge movement in the lower comp. Of the jint bet. The disc & condyle 2 PARTS OF THE TEMPRAL BONE PORTIN Posterior articular fossa ( manibular fossa ) Anterior articular tubercle BONY COMPARTMENT OF TMJ: Head of condyle Articular tubercle Glenoid fossa wall FIBROUS COMPARTMENTS: Articulr fibrocartilage Articular disk Articular capsule HISTOLOGY: -The capsule of TM J is composed of 2 layers: Outer layer firm fibrous tissue reinforced by ligament associated with the join Inner layer synovial membrane thin connective tissue and contains b.v. and n. *synovial fluid produced by this layer lubricates the joint and furnishes nourishment to joint parts that are without a blood supply. The fibrous covering of the articulating surfaces of the bones & center of disc *the disc is composed of fibrous C.T. -in older persons may have few chondrocytes ( cartilage cells ) - shape is thin in the center and thick at the ant. & post. borders -Center has no blood supply On the temporal bone, he part enclose by the blood capsule of the TMJ that is the area f the articular fossa & eminence is covered with fibrous C.T. -this lfibrous layer is thicker at the post. Border of the eminence than in the articular fossa, there are no blood vessels or nerves here. On the mandibular condyle, the articulating surface is covered with fibrous C.T. similar to that covering the temp. Bone area. -a few chondrocytes may be found in this layer, but there are no blood vessels or nerves. -It is the fibrous C.T covering of the bone surface of the TMJ that makes the joint different from most other such articulations. Most such movable joints have a surface of hyaline cartilage rather thatn of fibrous C.T Beneath the fibrous covering of the condyle is hyaline cartilage. This is a growth center & in this location the cartilage increases almost entirely by appositional growth (new cartilage added to existing cartilage egdes) As development continues the cartilage gradually replaced by bone: Compact bone forms under the fibrous C.T. covering & trabecular bone replaces the cartilage within the mandibular head: The condyle takes on the adult histologic form. Growth of the condylar cartilage affects the heights and length of the andible & influences the shape or the entire face.

The TM capsule is reinforced by ligamentous thickenings. Ligaments are non-elastic collagenous structures that restrict and limit the movements a jint can make in that they limit the distance that the bon forming the articulation can be separated from each other without causing tissue damage. FUNCTIONAL LIGAMENT ASSOCIATED WITH TMJ: Lateral or temporomandibular ligament -Fan shaped reinforcement of the lateral wall of the capsule running obliquely backward & downward from the lateral aspect of articular eminence to the post. Aspect of condylar neck. *prevent lateral and medial dislocation of the opposite joint

LATERAL OR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT 2 PARTS: Outer oblique portion arises from he surface of the articular eminence & extending backward & downward to insert into the outer surface of the condylar neck. *limits the amount of the inf. Displacement that can occur Inner horizontal portion with the same origin but inserting into the lat. Pole of the condyle & lat. Margin of the disk. *limits post. Displacement of condyle & disk

SHEDDING/ EXFOLIATION -physiologic process resulting in elimination of deciduos dentition -result of progressive resorption of the roots or teeth & supporting tissues-the periodontal ligament -not always continuos, having a period of rest and repair but resorption predominates repair -the pressure generated by the growing & erupting permanent tooth dictates the pattern of shedding 2 Generation of Human Dentition 1) Primary Dentition/Temporary Dentition 2) Secondary Dentition/ Permanent Dentition Pattern of Shedding -dictated by the pressure generated by the growing & erupting permanent tooth Shedding of Anterior Teeth -pressure directed against the root surface of the deciduous teeth -physiologic movement is in occlusal and vestibular direction -resoprtion begins on the lingual surface -permanent tooth occupies position directly apical to deciduous toot(except mandibular incisors)-temporary tooth shed before root resorption is complete Shedding of Posterior Teeth -resorption begins at the inner surface -developing bicuspids are between roots of deciduous molars -apical positioning or the permanent bicuspids as a result of a continuos growth of jaws and occlusal movement of temporary molars. -temporary molars are completly resorbed and crown is partially resorbed before exfoliation Histology of shedding Odontoclasts -cells responsible for removal of dental hard tissue -has ability to resorb all dental hard tissues including enamel -similar in structure to osteocolast(multinucleated cells, occupy resorption bays on the surface of hard tissue, cytoplasmic vacuoles) -appear on surfaces of roots of primary tooth with advancing permanent tooth -periodontal ligaments undergoes apoptic cell death(shrinkagedeath of cells so that they can be phagocytosed by neighboring cells) Mechanism of resorption and shredding a) Pressure from erupting permanent tooth b) Odontoclasts adhere to hard tissue surface and acidify it so that demineralization occurs c) forces of mastication initiate resorption d) Increase in size & forces exerted by muscles of mastication

Clinical Consideration Remnants of deciduous teeth -consist of dentin and cementum -may remain embedded in jaw(dec. mand 2nd molar) -ankylosed to the bone -may be ultimately exfoliated -progressively resorbed Retained Deciduous teeth -teeth without permanent succesors -impacted succesors -impacted permanent predecessor -odontogenic tumor Submerged deciduous teeth -result of trauma to the dental follicle or developing periodontal ligament -may result to ankylosis or temporary tooth -may prevent eruption of permanent successors