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Aluminum Sections
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1-Introduction
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Aluminum Ingots
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1.
The Alloys
Alloy 1100 A low strength but very workable alloy with excellent corrosion resistance. It is not heat treatable. It is easily welded, however it is soft and spalls when machined. 1100-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition). 1100-H14: Strain Hardened. Alloy 2011 A free machining, heat treatable alloy, with fair corrosion resistance, but not easily welded. 2011-T3: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged. Alloy 2024 Heat treatable with high strength , good machinability and fair corrosion resistance. It welds very poorly. 2024-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition). 2024-T3: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged. 2024-T351: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged. (2024 sheet, plate and extrusions are used extensively for the fuselages and lower portion of the wings of civilian and military transport aircraft)
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(3XXX is used for flexible packaging such as frozen food trays, residential siding and industrial and farm roofing. Also cooking utensils, gutters and downspouts) Alloy 5005 Poor machinability, good workability and weld very well. It finishes very well, and offers excellent corrosion resistance. 5005-H34: Strain hardened and stabilized. (Commonly for Aluminum sheets). Alloy 5052 Strong, not heat treatable, easily welded, with excellent corrosion characteristics. 5052-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition). 5052-H32: Strain hardened and stabilized.
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3. Temper
Temper is a measure of metals resistance to bending or kinking. It does refer to how hard the metal is. Low temper such as H-1 (also referred to as 1/8 hard), indicates a tendency to bend or kink permanently when subjected to very little force. High temper, such as H-8 or Full Hard, indicates a tendency to spring back upon bending. Temper Letters The letters that appear after each alloy number refer to the temper of the alloy itself and are independent of the alloy. This means that a single alloy can be available in a variety of tempers and a variety of alloys can be available in the same temper.
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Temper Letters
1. F temper (as fabricated tempers). This letter indicates that there has been no effort to control the temper of the material you receive it as is. O temper (annealed temper). Annealing is a process of heating up metal past a critical temperature whereby the material is relieved of the internal stresses from production or fabrication. It is the lowest temper available (the most easily bent). W temper (solution heat treated temper). This letter refers to metal that has undergone a specific procedure to produce a temper for a particular batch of metal in order to comply with some specific need of the customer.
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Temper Letters
4. H temper (strain-hardened tempers). This letter designates a process of stretching or compressing in order to impart a particular temper.
H_1 H_2 H_3 H_4 H_5 H_6 H_7 H_8 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 Full hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard
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Temper Letters
5. T temper (thermally treated tempers) This tempers are imparted by heating, quenching, or cooling in a controlled way. T1 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involving a lot of heat (such as extrusion), then naturally aged to a stable condition. T2 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involving a lot of heat (such as extrusion), then cold worked. T3 Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged to stable condition. T4 Solution heat treated and naturally aged to stable condition. T5 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involving a lot of heat (such as extrusion), then artificially aged. T5 is T1 that has been artificially aged. T6 Solution heat treated and artificially aged to stable condition. T6 is T4 that has been artificially aged.
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Temper Letters
T7 Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged past the point of a stable condition. This process provides control of some special characteristics.
T8 Solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged. T8 is T3 that has been artificially aged. T9 Solution heat treated, artificially aged and cold worked. A stable temper T9 is T6 that has been cold worked. T10 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involving a lot of heat (such as extrusion), then cold worked and artificially aged. T10 is T2 that has been artificially aged.
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