East Asia Under Challenge, 1800-1914

The Decline of the Qing Dynasty Revolution in China Rise of Modern Japan

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Decline of the Qing Dynasty

Saturday, March 10, 12

Objectives: 1. Explain that the Qing dynasty declined because of internal and external pressures 2. Summarize how Western nations increased their economic involvement with China

Saturday, March 10, 12

Causes of Decline
In 1800, the Qing dynasty of the Manchus was at the height of its power Within a century, the Qing dynasty collapsed due to Western power and authority Intense internal corruption and peasant revolts led to a modernization of China
Saturday, March 10, 12

The Opium War

European merchants encroached on Chinese territory and traded in the outlet of *Guangzhou Unfavorable trade balance in China led the British to turn to opium, grown in northern India Though made illegal, the British were unrelenting
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The British refused to halt their activity resulting in Chinese blockades and outright war The Opium War (1839-1842) The Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 ve coastal ports and the island of *Hong Kong *extraterritorialityEuropeans lived in their own sections and were subject not to Chinese laws but to their own laws
Saturday, March 10, 12

The Tai Ping Rebellion

Peasant revolts known as the Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864) *Hong Xiuquan, the destruction of the Qing and the creation of the Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace Social reforms: land to all peasants; women as equals to men Outlawed alcohol and tobacco and eliminated the practice of footbinding

Saturday, March 10, 12

Efforts at Reform

By the late 1870s, the Qing dynasty was in decline Reformers called for a new policy called *selfstrengthening China should adopt Western technology while keeping its Confucian values and institutions; Some reformers wanted democracybut was far too radical Railroads, weapons factories, and shipyards

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Advance of Imperialism

In the north and northeast, Russia took advantage of the Qing dynastys weakness to force China to give up territories European states began to create *spheres of inuence areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights Japan and German forces
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Internal Crisis

Scramble for territory took place at a time of internal crisis in CHina *Guang Xu launched a massive reform program based on changes in Japanmodernized government bureaucracy following western models, educational systems, and Western-style schools and ghting techniques

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Boxer Rebellion

Shadowboxing and the Society of Harmonious Fists destroy the foreigner They disliked Christian missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity who seemed to threaten Chinese traditions An allied army of Europeans, the US, and Japan restored order and demanded more concessions from the Chinese government

Saturday, March 10, 12

Objectives: 1. Explain that the Qing dynasty declined because of internal and external pressures 2. Summarize how Western nations increased their economic involvement with China

Saturday, March 10, 12

To improve their balance of trade with China, the British sold the Chinese 1.porcelain 2.opium 3.tea 4.silk

Saturday, March 10, 12

To improve their balance of trade with China, the British sold the Chinese 1.porcelain 2.opium 3.tea 4.silk

Saturday, March 10, 12

As a result of China losing the rst Opium War to Britain, all of the following happened except 1.Britain received Hong Kong 2.Five ports were opened to British trade 3.the British in China accepted Chinese laws 4.China paid for the cost of the war

Saturday, March 10, 12

As a result of China losing the rst Opium War to Britain, all of the following happened except 1.Britain received Hong Kong 2.Five ports were opened to British trade 3.the British in China accepted Chinese laws 4.China paid for the cost of the war

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Qing dynastys self strengthening reforms included 1.ending trade 2.adopting Western technology 3.moving toward democracy 4.eliminating Confucian ideals

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Qing dynastys self strengthening reforms included 1.ending trade 2.adopting Western technology 3.moving toward democracy 4.eliminating Confucian ideals

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Qing dynasty was weakened by all of the following except 1. war with Japan 2. disputes with Russia 3. warlords independence 4. a changing value system

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Qing dynasty was weakened by all of the following except 1. war with Japan 2. disputes with Russia 3. warlords independence 4. a changing value system

Saturday, March 10, 12

Revolution in China

Saturday, March 10, 12

Objectives: 1.Identify Sun Yatsen and his reforms, which led to a revolution in China 2. Discuss how the arrival of Westerners brought changes to the Chinese economy and culture

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Fall of the Qing The Qing dynasty in China tried desperately to reform itself New educational systems were created based on the Western model Legislative assemblies were formed at the *provincial (local) level
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The emerging new elite, composed of merchants, professionals, and reform-minded gentry grew impatient with the pace of reform The previous reforms had done nothing for peasants and artisans; Unrest grew in the countryside
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The Rise of Sun Yat-Sen

*Sun Yat-sen formed the Revive China Society Unless the Chinese were inited under a strong government, they would remain at the mercy of other countries three-stage reform process: (1) a military takeover (2) a transitional phase to prepare for democratic rule (2) constitutional democracy He formed the Revolutionary Alliance, which eventually became the Nationalist Party

Saturday, March 10, 12

The Revolution of 1911

The throne was now occupied by Chinas last emperor, the infant Henry Pu Yi Still uprisings in central China still erupted The Party had neither the military nor the political strength to form a new government and gave power to *General Yuan Shigai, who controlled the army

Saturday, March 10, 12

General Yuan agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese republic and to allow the election of a legislature The glorious revolution ended two thousand years of imperial rulehowever, no new political or social order emerged, though based on Western liberal democratic principles
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An Era of Civil War yuans dictatorial efforts rapidly led to clashes with Suns party, now renamed the Guomindang, or National Party. Yuan dissolved the new parliament, the Nationalists launched a rebellion, and Sun Yat-sen ed to Japan China slipped into civil war military warlords seized power in the provinces
Saturday, March 10, 12

Chinese Society in Transition

The growth of industry and tradeoil, copper, salt, tea, and porcelain made more protable due to reliable transportation and a new money economy The coming of Westerners to China affected the Chinese economy in three ways: (1) modern transportation (2) export market (3) Chinese market integrated into world economy

Saturday, March 10, 12

Western inuences forced the Chinese to adopt new ways of thinking and acting local industry was largely destroyed

Saturday, March 10, 12

Chinas Changing Culture Most Chinese culture never changed: farmers, villages, domestic life Confucian social ideals were declining rapidly in inuence and those of Europe and North America were on the rise Radical reformers wanted to eliminate traditional culture
Saturday, March 10, 12

Intellectuals began to introduce Western books, paintings, music, and ideas to China By the rst quarter of the twentieth century, China was ooded by Western culture Literature in particular was inuenced by foreign ideas
Saturday, March 10, 12

Objectives: 1.Identify Sun Yatsen and his reforms, which led to a revolution in China 2. Discuss how the arrival of Westerners brought changes to the Chinese economy and culture

Saturday, March 10, 12

The coming of Westerners did not affect the Chinese economy in one of the following ways. Which one? A. introducing modern means of transportation B. creating an export market C. integrating the Chinese market into the world economy D. building a large middle class

Saturday, March 10, 12

The coming of Westerners did not affect the Chinese economy in one of the following ways. Which one? A. introducing modern means of transportation B. creating an export market C. integrating the Chinese market into the world economy D. building a large middle class

Saturday, March 10, 12

Yuan tried to rule China without A. an army B. understanding the inuence of new Western ideas C. dictating his views D. the use of terror

Saturday, March 10, 12

Yuan tried to rule China without A. an army B. understanding the inuence of new Western ideas C. dictating his views D. the use of terror

Saturday, March 10, 12

When the Nationalists rebellion failed, A. Sun Yat-sen ed to Japan B. Sun Yat-sen surrendered C. the Qing emperor was restored D. Yuan turned back history to 1800

Saturday, March 10, 12

When the Nationalists rebellion failed, A. Sun Yat-sen ed to Japan B. Sun Yat-sen surrendered C. the Qing emperor was restored D. Yuan turned back history to 1800

Saturday, March 10, 12

When General Yuan Shigai died in 1916 A. the warlords surrendered B. soldiers assisted the people C. civil war erupted D. the Nationalists seized power

Saturday, March 10, 12

When General Yuan Shigai died in 1916 A. the warlords surrendered B. soldiers assisted the people C. civil war erupted D. the Nationalists seized power

Saturday, March 10, 12

By 1925, many urban, middle-class Chinese people A. embraced Western art and literature B. rejected all Western inuence C. celebrated the past D. wrote their own novels

Saturday, March 10, 12

By 1925, many urban, middle-class Chinese people A. embraced Western art and literature B. rejected all Western inuence C. celebrated the past D. wrote their own novels

Saturday, March 10, 12

Rise of Modern Japan

Saturday, March 10, 12

Objectives: 1.Describe how Western intervention opened Japan, an island that had been isolated for 200 years, to trade 2. Discuss the interaction between Japan and Western nations that gave birth to a modern industrial society

Saturday, March 10, 12