Forever Z Dyvine WHistory Honors Period 3 NHD Quarter 2 Project

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

THESIS: Maria Callas (12/2/23 - 9/16/77) was an extravagent prima donna who changed the world with her distinctive voice and musical strive towards opera and performance. Her soulful, yet controversial, style of singing shocked the world, and gave the media something to really debate about.

Callas, Maria. "Eternally Your Maria." Letter to Giovanni Battista Meneghini. Autumn late 1940s and early 1950s. Mail Online UK. Nick Pisa. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Maria Callas falls in love with a man named Giovanni Battista Meneghini, but she explains to him that as much as she truly cares for him, her first priority is art. She had a lot of passion for him, they were married for more than 10 years and he had his influences on her career. However, the opera always had to come first with her. (Primary)

Callas, Maria. "Maria Callas' Last Interview." Interview by Philippe Caloni. YouTube Broadcast Yourself. 29 Sept. 2009. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Maria Callas claims that she doesn't like listening to other opera singers, because she feels like that would be a disappointment to her to find out that there maybe others she may be intimidated by, or that the crowd prefers. (Primary)

Callas, Maria. Maria Callas - The Voice of the Century. Digital image. Amazon. Web. 15 Dec. 2011.

This picture shows Maria Callas' prima donna personality and beauty. This is one of her album covers. (Primary)

Callas, Maria. "Vien Diletto." Bellini's I Puritani. 1953. NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. National Public Radio. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. This song, I Puritani, was a famous piece sung by Maria Callas from 1953. Her voice is so beautiful in this piece, and shows off her true vocal range and stability. This piece shocked many people. People had no idea of her true vocal range and passion. I chose this for my project because this is the song that proved critics wrong. This is one representation that shows why she is so special. (Primary)

"Maria Callas." Image. Library of Congress. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. This photo of Maria Callas shows off her beauty and true "diva" status. She was an exciting performer with a distinctive voice back in her day. This photo perfectly represents my project because her beauty and confidence shine through. (Primary)

"Maria Callas, Interview." Interview. At My World. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Maria expresses how after you start your career, you learn to see your voice as an instrument. She explains how much she strived to become a true musician and the main instrument in an orchestra. According to Maria, this perfectly defines a "prima donna", aka first woman. She considered herself as the prima donna in her lead performances. (Primary)

TIME Magazine. TIME Magazine Cover: Maria Callas - Oct. 29, 1956. Digital image. Maria Callas. TIME Magazine. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. This is a gorgeous painting of Maria Callas on the cover of TIME Magazine. (Primary)

Puccini Operatic Arias. Photograph. Columbia 45 R.P.M EXTENDED PLAY. By Maria Callas and Philharmonia Orchestra. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. This photograph is the cover of one of her albums. This picture shows off her perky-diva personality and dramatic appearence. (Primary)

IMDb. "Maria Callas - Biography." The Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Amazon.com. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Reading this passage I learned that Maria Callas was 5'8 and moved from New York,USA to Athens, Greece when she was 14 due to marriage issues between her parents. Her father set up a pharmacy to help pay for Maria's piano lessons and singing lessons with Maria Trivella. He then changed the family name from Kalogeropoulos to Callas, to make it simpler. In 1941 the soprano diva debut in "Boccaccio" with the Lyric Theatre Company. She then was offered contracts with three roles to choose from, however she turned them all down. She was too obese to sing the fragile 14 year-old Butterfly they wanted her to be she thought. (Secondary)

INTERN, RICEPAPER. "ESSAY: Notes Towards An Essay About Maria Callas 15.4." Ricepaper Magazine. The Asian Canadian Writers Workshop. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. The paragraph at the top of the page is relavant to my theme because it indicates the reaction people had towards Maria Callas in her early and later days. Although her voice was beautiful at such a young age, she put her all into each performance, causing her voice to go out when she was in her 40s. Singing for me is not an act of pride, but an effort to elevate toward those heavens where everything is harmony, she once said. (Secondary)

"Maria Callas- The Callas Effect." Entertainment Africa.mobi. Prezence; Europcar. Web. 15 Dec. 2011.

This is a brief introduction about how her opera inspired people, and this also contains her tracklistings. (Secondary)

"Maria Callas." The Titi Tudorancea Learning Center, English Edition. TitiTudorancea, 3 Oct. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. This passage contains a lot of information about Maria Callas, also known as/ hailed as La Divina. Her fathers name was George Kalogeropoulos and her mothers name was Evangelia "Litsa" (sometimes "Litza") Dimitriadou. Maria claimed that her mother was the reason for her unhappy childhood. Her mother seemed to have preferred her sister over her. In her earlier career she was a much thicker woman, which seemed to have bothered her because along with her body, she felt her voice was getting heavier as well. During 1953 and early 1954, she lost almost 80 pounds and people considered her the most beautiful woman to ever walk on stage. (Secondary)

"Maria Callas." World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. On December 4, 1923 in New York City, Maria Callas was born as Cecilia Sophia Anna Maria Kalogeropoulou (Greek: ). Her career in opera music started months before her 18th birthday. After her first leading role as Tosca at the Athens opera, she continued to take other leads for other operas in Greece. After impressing Giovanni Zenatello with her amazing singing voice, she went up in her career and was asked to sing lead for operas all throughout Italy. She used her dramatic personality and creative singing style to lure the audience into her performances. This relates to my project because this is her life. This is how she became as large and popular as she became. (Secondary)

Neary, Lynn. "Maria Callas: Voice Of Perfect Imperfection." NPR : National Public Radio : News & Analysis, World, US, Music & Arts : NPR. National Public Radio, 15 Feb. 2010. Web. 14 Dec. 2011. Maria Callas is a famous opera singer who is more respected for the way she brought her song to life, rather than hitting the high notes. She shocked everyone however with her performace as Elvira singing I Puritani. In this piece she showed amazing vocal range. At the young age of

around 40 years old, Maria's voice was starting to lose its sharpness. However, hitting the perfect note isn't the most special thing about her; the emotion/passion she put in her music made her special. (Secondary)

Skendrou, Alexandra, Manolis Papasifakis, Marisa Nicole Stefatos, Aspa Papazaharia, and Ben Pollard. "Maria Callas: A Tribute." Hellenic Cultural Month. Ronald Mc. Donald House of New York Inc. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Maria Callas was a revolution to opera. She transformed the opera world with her remarkable singing, passionate acting and prima donna personality. (Secondary)

Steegeling, Coen. "Maria Callas Bio." Serendipity.li. Serendipity. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. This short reading shows the struggling part of her career. She was born in New York and her parents were Greek emigrants. Ever since she was young, she love music and had both piano and singing lessons. However, the family at that time were financially struggling, and due to marriage problems, Maria Calla's mother took maria and moved back to Greece. (Secondary)