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STAKESHOLDERS PARTICIPATION ON BEACH MAINTENANCE (at Tanjung Benoa-Nusa Dua Beach)

I. Backround Development activities, industry, human activity and the influence of natural factors have been generally negative influence on the stability of coastal areas. Natural factors that the condition of beach, among other the emergence of waves and currents, the tides, sedimentation and erosion that affect the changing coastline and the condition of the river which empties into the waters. Human activities that affect the condition of beaches include the development, reclamation and dredging bottom waters for commercial purposes is redundant. The development of nautical tourism in some coastal areas also changes natural conditions into an artificial environment with the construction of some of the necessary supporting facilities. To maintain the beach area to keep it functioning as a regional settlement, industry, tourism, trade and ports needs to control to decrease the negative influence of nature and humans. The alternative activities are protection of the region by making embankments, making drainage system equipped with a pump, or disposal in a submerged area that has a height above sea level. Identify the loss of the ability of coastal areas due to sea level rise can be done to estimate the amount of losses related to optimal treatment. Establishment of implemented system, requires a strategic formula as a basis for setting policy, based on field conditions, especially the region's geological conditions, land use, the benefits and whole society. The development of Tanjung Benoa Beach area in Badung with area function as a place Religious (Melasti to Hinduism) and as a tourism destination is very rapid. Given climate change and affect change in wind direction, where the segment along the coast of Tanjung Benoa area still dominated by the wind from the southeast (south-east) so that the area at the link down driff experiencing erosion.

To handle the problem of beach erosion in some locations on the island of Bali has been handling such as shore protection structure construction and maintenance of such buildings on a regular basis. Apart from government funds, the construction of shore protection structure is also done through cooperation with foreign countries in the form of Loan IP-475 projects undertaken since July 2000 until December 2008. However, government efforts have not been able to handle problems in a comprehensive coastal damage, necessitating the participation of stakeholders to participate handle coastal damage that occurred. In this case, the stakeholders in question are the investors as well as hotel and restaurant owners who get income in the use of the beach.

II. Problem Tanjung Benoa Beach, located in the village of Tanjung Benoa, South Kuta District, District has a long coast naughty 5.300 km of G9 (Clubmet hotel) to the most northern groin (GA.7 Tanjung Benoa) with a length of 4,000 m and erosion have been addressed in 2001 -2004 with Loan IP-475 project. In the year 2009 occurred in coastal abrasion Home Kinds Villa Bintang Resort so that in November 2009 an attempt by the Government (BWS Bali - Penida) to overcome these problems is by building groins 2 pieces (L = 60 and L = 65) and filling sand = 7.941 m3 as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Conditions Sand Beach on the right side segment GN. 5 in January 2010 (Outcome monitoring)

Nusa Dua Beach is located on the south coast of Tanjung Benoa, also have similar problems. The beach has a length of 2.459 km of coastline has experienced erosion along the coast of 2.459 km of G9 to Nusa Besar. Handling government had taken over 1.459 km of G9 to G12 in 2001-2004 (Project IP LOAN-475). In the month of July 2009 carried out reduction of the Melia Bali Hotel Soll to secure his hotel with 300 m3 of sand filling (Figure 2). At the date of 04 October 2010 has been discussed in a meeting led by Plt. Head of the River Region-Penida Bali where the meeting is concluded for emergency treatment to the restaurants and temples can be built revetment. For long-term treatment is advisable to build groins, at least 2 fruit and filling sand.

Figure 2. Efforts filling sand by Melia Bali Hotel Soll Efforts made by the hotel and restaurant in the end deemed unable to cope with abrasion. Society looked at the handling of the hotels are not effective even be felt even further aggravated the condition of the beach. Because the handling of these hotels eventually trigger abrasion in other areas. In addition, protective structures are not able to survive because most of the destroyed. Efforts hotels are not integrated, because the handling is more intended to protect and secure the respective beaches. The problem had occurred in the participation of stakeholders in the maintenance of these beaches include:
1.

Need a follow-up to the concept of coastal settlement and comprehensive

treatment of coastal damage.

2.

Improving coordination between the relevant parties so that the construction

can be integrated.
3.

Limited funding and human resources, technology / equipment required, and

knowledge / skills in operations and maintenance.


4.

There is still a conflict of interest between various parties, both among the

villagers, government, and voters hotels and restaurants around the beach.

III. Purpose The purpose of this activity include:


1. The budget we receive from the government can we switch to abrasion areas affecting

the poor or to secure other public facilities.


2. The beach is of high economic value can be maintained with the help of stakeholders

by the government but still dikrontrol


3. Obtain a reference guide that can be used by stakeholders and agencies involved in

security efforts and maintenance of the beach.

IV. Implementation Methods Coastal community development strategy can be done through two approaches, which are structural and non structural. Macro-structural approach is an approach that emphasizes the structuring of political systems and social structures. This approach prioritizes the role of an authoritative agency or organization formed for the management of the coastal sea. In this case the role of the community is very important but will be less strong because of the structural aspects are usually more effective when carried out by parties who have authority, at least in the early stages. On the other hand non-structural approach is a subjective approach. This approach prioritizes the empowerment of society as mentally in order to improve the ability of community members to participate in the management of marine and coastal issues. Both approaches should be complementary and integrative implemented.

1.Structural approach The main target of the structural approach is to design structure and system components and relationships between all living systems, both in coastal and marine areas and associated supporting components, including components of social, economic and physical. With the arrangement of the structural aspect, it is hoped the wider community get the opportunity to exploit the natural resources in a sustainable manner. In addition, the arrangement of structures and systems of social and economic relations are expected to create opportunities for people to participate and protect natural resources from the threats that come both from within and from outside. This step is expected to reduce or even eliminate problems of major social and economic which has been continually put the public (local) in a difficult position. The structural approach requires measures following strategies:
a.

Development of community access to decision-making process.

The success of community development as part of coastal and marine management is very dependent on the accuracy of measures taken. Policies that are developed with the involvement and attention to community interests and ensure the successful management of natural resources and territory. Community involvement is necessary because it will result in policies tailored to the potential, aspirations and interests of the community. Policies based on the potential of the community will encourage community involvement in the use and protection of natural resources. It also provides a double advantage: first, to accommodate the aspirations of the coastal and marine management will attract people so that will simplify the setup process. Second, provide opportunities for people to share responsibility for coastal and marine security. Also more important is the effort to improve the intrinsic interest of the welfare society. Community involvement in policy making, can be done with an approach that combines bottom up and top down planning. At the level of community planning should be involved in spatial planning to absorb information and aspirations of the community. This will provide benefits to the process zone development that will serve as the archetype of its management plan. Information and aspirations of the community will also be useful to

explore the potential of society, especially in order to develop a system of protection areas based on the community. On the other hand, top-down planning is needed to provide an opportunity for governments to design patterns for the management of wider interest.
b. Development of community-based surveillance system.

The existence of an effective surveillance system is the primary condition of success of community development as part of coastal and marine management. Surveillance system should be able to function in a way to mobilize all relevant elements. System based on community supervision is a system that is based on interests, potential and role of local communities. For that, the system based on community supervision in addition to providing opportunities for people to participate in supervising the natural resources and territory where they live and feeding, also reinforce a sense of community togetherness in developing the potential of the region. This can be done through social institutions coastal community (fishermen).
c. The development of support networks.

Development of such coordination include the establishment of a network management system that can help each other. Coordination involves all relevant elements (stakeholders), both government networks, civil society and business world. The success of these elements, in addition to the technical management will provide practical benefits, also socially and politically to promote the creation of integrated coastal and ocean management. To realize an effective coordination system, the system requirements necessary dialogue between relevant agencies and between those agencies with the community. Habits of the communication of ideas and action plans of each agency with other agencies is a strategic step that must be developed. To that end, the institutionalization of a system of coordination among stakeholders needs to be done continuously and involve the direct line of the government environment agency. 2. Subjective Approach. Subjective approach (non structural) is an approach that puts human beings as subjects who have the discretion to initiate and act according to his will. This approach assumes that local communities with knowledge, skills and awareness to increase its role in

the

protection

of

natural

resources

around

them.

Therefore,

one

an effort to enhance the role of local communities in managing natural resources and coastal and marine areas is to enhance knowledge, skills and awareness to do something to protect the boast of natural resources. Knowledge and skills are not necessarily directly related to the efforts of natural resource degradation issues but also matters relating to economic enterprises, especially in order to provide the community with an alternative economic enterprises so as not to damage the environment, among others, namely:

a.

Increased environmental knowledge and insights.

Environmental knowledge and insight necessary to provide the concept and promoted the same view and correct the public about the environment and the role of society as a whole. Types of knowledge and insight provided vary by residential location and job type. For people who are located in the core zone is certainly more specific and more emphasis on knowledge and insights relating to the direct relationship between the local community with the use of natural resources and oversight compared with communities outside the region. Increased knowledge and insight will also need to involve village officials, village and district and community.

b.

Community skills development.

Improved practical skills of environmental management for the community and village level government officials, village and sub-district is very important to encourage the participation of these elements are active in tackling environmental issues that are ecologically and economically would be detrimental. Skills are mainly concerned with ways of efficient use of natural resources, and skills about problem prevention efforts. Mastery of these skills will enhance the effectiveness of community participation in the management of coastal beach and sea.

c.

Community capacity development.

Development of community capacity necessary to be able to participate in policymaking process, particularly in planning, implementation and supervision. Community capacity building is actually a series of activities as described previously, but in this program should be emphasized the importance of capabilities and opportunities for people to articulate their interests through groups or social institutions.

d.

Development of quality.

The quality of coastal communities need to be improved to address two challenges. The first challenge is, efforts to overcome economic problems, both to overcome the problem of subsistence, and in order to improve the welfare of the wider world. The second challenge is, efforts to overcome the problem of destruction of nature, namely to reduce pressure on natural resources and marine coastal region as a result of the increasing human activities in the area. Self development including development of human qualities, either individually or in groups to fill the needs of an increasingly diverse workforce. Program development of these human qualities than can be done through education and training is also a way establish cooperation between social institutions and economy, both within and outside the coastal village, and even between regions. Preparing the workforce to anticipate development activities in coastal and marine areas and other areas around it needs to be done proactively with based on foresight.

e.

Increased motivation to participate.

Motivation community needs to be grown to encourage their active participation in the management of natural resources in coastal and marine areas. To that end, efforts to community involvement and development activities based on community interests need to be improved on. Implementation needs to be integrated with aspects that directly touch the interests of the community. Balancing the interests of environmental, social and economic strategic means to encourage community involvement in natural resource protection efforts. Various forms of community participation in development include:
1)

Involvement in any decision-making process of the development activities.

2)

The contribution of local people in any building works that shaped labor or

local building materials.


3) 4)

Various projects undertaken by the communities themselves. Consultation relating to the work to be done such as building work the beach.

V. Tentative Schedule For Implementation

VI. Conclusion and Suggestion Some things you can do in increasing the participation of stakeholders in securing the beach in Nusa Dua, among others:
1) Coordination between the government and relevant stakeholders 2) Conducting socialization to the local communities (indigenous and community toloh),

fishing communities, local tourism actors, local government (sub-district, district)

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