Production:

Raw material:
For the production process main raw thing is the raw material. The raw material which is used is Bamboo, eucalyptus, Acacia, and in trace amount pine as a raw material.

Chipper hose:
Chipper house is a place where the different type of wood is cut into homogeneous and uniform chips. The following steps involved in the chipper house. 1. Receipt of the raw material: raw material which is used in accordance with the production requirement and silo stock of chips. 2. Chipping process: Different chippers are run for different raw materials there are 2 types of chippers namely disc chipper and drum chipper. There are 2 drum chippers used for bamboo and 4 disc chippers used for hard wood. 3. Screening and conveying: here the accepted chip is screened and sent for reprocessing. 4. Storage of chips and issue: the accepted chips are stored in silo and issued to digestion process whenever required. 5. Accounting: a record of all the above activities is kept in a systematic manner.

CPM-2:
Here 30% of bamboo is mixed with 70% of wood for production of chemical

CSRMP:
Only a single type of pulp is used

Example: Acacia or eucalyptuses sometimes both are used is mixed in proportion.

CPM-2:
This mill is amine at production of pulp from wood chips like educe, acacia, and pine etc .wood from bamboo. The process involves cooking the chips with liquor, which dissolves lignin in the binding material present in wood, which binds the cellulose suitable mixture of chemical such as NaoH,Na2s,abdNa2,co3 are used as cooking liquor, which dissolves lignin. That pulp process involves fallowing step

1. Digestion: Digestion of chips is done in pressure vessel called digester. The wood chips are conveyed to the digesters from top. Cooking liquor is also injected along with pressure of 8kg/m2 and at temperature of 165c at this condition, the digester is maintained for 90to120min.then the pressure is relieved and chips are blow to blow tank.

2. Blow down:

The blow down involves degasifying the digester and transfer of digester chips to blow tanks. The high temperature gas issued for producing hot water and the digested pulp is store in blow tanks are connected to these blow tanks.

3. Screening:It is associated with the chatter. There are 4 vibratory screens of

which three are primary and one is secondary. From the blow tank pulp is sent to

the primary knitters. The accepted are taken for the primary knitters. The accepted are taken for the washing while rejects are sent to secondary. here also some procedure is fallowed.

4. Washing: The washers are provided with the vacuum operated screens from which liquor is drawn out from the pulp. Washing of pulp is considered out with the hot water, available at 65c.the filtrate is collected in the Decker filtrate tank this operation optimizes the use of available water four stages are given as CEHH cycle.

5. Bleaching:
a) Chlorine bleaching: the unbleached pulp and chlorine gas is insured in chlorine in tank, which is vertical in nature. The retention time is about 45 to 60 min during the witch chloro lignin forms. Chlorinated pulp is washed with hot water. b) Alkali extraction: depending upon the condition 50-80gpl caustic soda is added. Chlorinated pulp it dissolves chloro lignin and pulp will be free from lignin. It is also washed hot water and stored in pulp storage. c) hypo-1bleaching: alkali extracted pulp is mixed with hypo chlorite of 1822gpl.this addition bleaches the pulp and increases Ph to 10. This pulp is washed with water and stored of the pulp gives a retention time of 3hrs in hytpo-1 tower. d) hypo-2 bleaching: after washing the repaper provides a better mixing and during these hypo chlorite(18-22gpl) is added here, further improvements is brighten from washing of the pulp.

6. Centric bleaching: is done in three stages that are primary, secondary,

tertiary

CSRMP [cold soda refinery mechanical pulp]:

The process is the combination of both chemical and mechanical pulping. The mechanical pulping is associated with treatment of chips with the chemical like caustic soda. Yield from this process is around 65-80% but the fibers suffer with paper strength and structure properties as in case of news print eucalyptus, acacia is the main because of their availability and handling. The sequence of pulping production is fallows

a) Soaking of chips: chips conveyed from the chip silo are washed with a fire
steam of water to remove dust and other impurities. The wet chips are now dried with a blow of hot air under pressure. This pressure causes the chips to move to conical bin above the soaker from the bin. Chips fall under gravity into messing and durkey soaker inside the soaker moving chain arrangement over which semicircular plates hydroxide solution available abnormal plates are slowly rotated mechanically and this is 60-90 min the temperature is maintained at 65c the plates are slowly rotated mechanically and this gives a continuous flow of chips and flow of soaked chips. 75%lignin is preserved and soaked chips are in bottom chest

b) Press firing: this is mechanical action performed by pressfiners soaked

chips are upon retained for one hour. A bucket elevates the chips by the scissoring action inside the chest. The chips are now fed to pressfiners feeding screw conveyor. It us operated with motor and have discs to squeeze the chips and to take out NaoH present. These chips are then conveyed to the refiners through a screw conveyor.

c) Refining: there are five double disc refiners two are primary and three are
secondary refiner. The squeezed they are conveyed to secondary refiner. Refined chips are taken to primary storage chest and from this the pulp is sent to the secondary refining and stored in chest refining of pulps carried out subsequently in stock preparation. This is then taken for washing and bleaching.

d) Washing and bleaching: washing of pulp is carried out to remove all water
soluble chemicals present and it also improves the efficiency pf bleaching. Washing of the pulp is carried through the hot water in four stages in each stage there are two vacuum drum washers.

e) Stock preparation plant:

Pulp prepared in the plant is used by machine 4 chemical pulp is used to prepare stock. The bleached pulp from the mill is taken into refiner and then to the mixing chest. The pulp from mechanical re-pulp and purchased pulp are mixed in proportion in the mixing chest. Suitable dye is added to maintain the paper making ph. the stock prepare is mainly used to manufacture different several of news print

6.PM-4[paper machine 4]:

The paper machine 4 is an improvement over these and in is twin wire form type. In PM4 sheet is formed between two wires. It facilitates increased dewatering sheet is formed quickly. This machine is also assisted with flow and consistency regulatory and micro turbulence is created for the uniform distribution of pulp between the wires, which use for pump for regulating the paper formed initially is taken to drying section. Drying rolls are heated using steam. Drying is four stages [six cylinders in the 1st stage and ten cylinders each in the remaining stage].

7. CPM-1[chemical pulp mill]:

CPM-1 fills with the Bagasse pulping, bagasse is the residue left over after crushing sugar came for taking out sugar cane juice. The sugar mill has a crushing capacity of 2500T per day and produces enough bagasse for the consumption throughout the year. The production capacity of CPM-1 is 65tpd of bleached pulp.

Functions of Chemical pulp mill [CPM]

1. Bagasse Handling:-the bagasse from the sugar mill contains moistures, fibers, pith, sugar and other impurities. This is blown to a depicter, in the

depicter due to action of the rotating hammer the pith this is non fibrous 7 filamentous materials is separated from bagasse, depicted bagasse is used for pulping while the separated pith is burnt as fuel in the boilers. The depicted bagasse is conveyed to a mixing tank. Here the consistency is brought down to around 1%. The slurry is then pumped to the yard for wet storage here the moisture content of bagasse is kept at 50% by spraying recycled water through sprinklers.

2. Bagasse washing:-the wet bagasse from storage yard is sent to a wash beater by means of pin feeder. There is a magnetic separator to remove fine iron particle. In the wash beater the rotating baffler remove some more pith. The unwanted solid like sand settle down. The buglosses are conveyed by a dewatering screw and by the action of gravity. Most of the water along with pith is collected at the bottom. This is again sent to a drain screen where pith is separated and sent to drain screen pith is separated and sent to boilers.

3. Cooking:-the washed bagasse is sent for the cooking in the modified continuous digester. Here the water is squeezed out with the help of a tapered screw and bales are formed which are charged into the digester in the form of plugs of continuous 35% the digester mouth is closed and it opens by the pressure due to the plug collected then plug along with white liquor steam and some air enters the digester

4. Washing and screening:-the first stage concentrate black liquor is produced and it sent for the recovery from the washer a consistency of15% is maintained and the pulp is sent to screens to remove and unwanted material. it is then subjected to three stages in series centric cleaning. The rejects from the first stage are sent to second stage. The accepts are sent back to first stage and rejects are sent to third stage, the accepts from the first stage are sent to thickeners where the consistency increase to 3.4-4% any unlocked material

debris are removed in centric in unbleached high density tower at a consistency of 3-5%. 5. Bleaching:-around 10-15% of bleached chemical are used for bleaching process is called CHPHH[Chlorine extraction with alkali,peroscide,hypo2&1]first around 4.5% of element chlorine[cl2] is added in an upward flow tower the retention is about 1 hour. The lignin is conveyed to chloro-lignin.

SPP [stock preparation plant] and PM[paper machine] 1, 2, 3:Introduction: stock preparation plant is one of the important processes in paper industry which supplies mechanically treated pulp to paper machine. In addition to this, queues, loading material and chemical like rosin and Alum are added which increase the strength and quality of paper.

SPP2 [PM1]:SPP2 supplies pulp to PM1 approximately 60% unbleached chemical pulp and 40% unbleached bagasse pulp is used as furnish. The pulp stores in chest are passed through the triple disk refiner [TDRS] and one double disk refiner. The refined pulp is stored in cellular mixing chest. The rosin followed by alarm is added. The pulp is then pumped to machine chest.

SPP2 [PM2]:The process is similar to that of SPP2 the difference are 1. Here the pulp is used 2. Dyes if necessary are used 3. Filling material [soup, stone powder are used]

SPP3 [PM3]:-

SPP3 supplies pulp to PM3 65% bleached chemical pulp 10%improved chemical pulp and 25% of bagasse pulp is used as furnish. The raw [pulp is store in cyclic chest no;1 it is refined using Three TDRS and Two DDRS till they require fiber length is achieved. Refining is done to increase tear strength, burst factor refining length the quality of paper after refining, the pulp is sent to cyclic chest NO;2 here dyes are added as per customer requirements . Rosin is added which binds the fiber together and prevent ink penetration. PM1: types of paper manufacture by the PM1 1. MG craft paper 2. MG plane draft paper 3. Cover paper 4. Packing paper 5. MG poster 6. Manila paper PM2: type of paper manufactured by the PM2 1. Cream wove paper [writing and printing] 2. Duplicating paper 3. Azure laid paper 4. KSRTC paper 5. MPRTC paper 6. MF cover paper PM3: types of paper manufacture by PM3 1. White printing paper 2. Offset printing paper 3. Note book paper

Permanent buyers of news print paper:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Times of India Indian express The Hindu Deccan herald Malayalam manoraman Matru bhoomi publication Vijay times Employment news