Tooth Morphology

Question Primate Spaces Bruxism Cervical Ridge Roots (primary teeth) Resorption Pulp Cavity(primary teeth) Primary dentition Nighttime use of baby bottle or sugar on a pacifier Maxillary Central Incisor (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary Lateral Incisor (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary Centrals (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 1st Premolars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 2nd Premolars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 1st molars (Permanent, Answer
interproximal spaces between the primary teeth, and is necessary for the proper alignment of the future permanent dentition

Grinding present on both the labial and lingual surfaces of anterior teeth and on buccal surfaces of the molars. narrower and longer than the crown length.
The process that occurs when the roots of deciduous teeth dissolve or give way for the forming, erupting permanent teeth. pulp chambers and pulp horns are relatively large in proportion to those of the permanent teeth, especially the mesial pulp horns. functions in aesthetics, mastication, and speech for a child for about 5 to 11 1/2 years. These teeth also serve to hold the eruption space for the succedaneous permanent teeth, which will replace the primary.

Considered in a child with extensive acute caries of the primary teeth, generally called "baby bottle mouth"

Eruption: 7-8 #'s: 8 & 9

Eruption: 8-9 #'s: 7 & 10

Eruption: 11-12 #'s: 6 & 11

Eruption: 10-11 #'s: 5 & 12

Eruption: 10-12 #'s: 4 & 13

Eruption: 6-7 #'s: 3 & 14

eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 2nd molars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Maxillary 3rd molars (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular Central (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular Lateral (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular Canine (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular 1st Premolar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular 2nd Premolar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular 1st Molar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular 2nd Molar (Permanent, eruption time and #'s) Mandibular 3rd Molar (Permanent, eruption time and

Eruption: 12-13 #'s: 2 & 15

Eruption: 17-12 #'s: 1 & 16

Eruption: 6-7 #'s: 24 & 25

Eruption: 7-8 #'s: 23 & 26

Eruption: 9-10 #'s: 22 & 27

Eruption: 10-12 #'s: 21 & 28

Eruption: 11-12 #'s: 20 & 29

Eruption: 9-10 #'s: 19 & 30

Eruption: 14-15 #'s: 18 & 31

Eruption: 18-25 #'s: 17 & 32

#'s) Cingulum Cusp Cusp of Carabelli Fissure Fossa Lingual Fossa Central fossa (maxillary molars) Triangular Fossa Groove Developmental groove Supplemental groove a bulge or prominence of enamel found on the cervical third of the lingual surface of an anterior tooth a pronounced evaluation on the occlusal surface of a tooth terminating in a conical or rounded surface. the "fifth cusp located on the lingual surface of many maxillary fist molars. a fault occurring along a developmental groove by incomplete or imperfect joining of the lobes. When two fissures cross they form a pit. a rounded or angular depression of varying size on the surface of a tooth. a broad, shallow depression on the lingual surface of an incisor or cuspid. a relatively broad, deep angular valley in the central portion of the occlusal surface of a mandibular molar.
a comparatively shallow pyramid-shaped depression on the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth, located just within the confines of the mesial and/or distal marginal ridges.

a small linear depression on the surface of a tooth.

a fine depressed line in the enamel of a tooth that marks the union of the lobes of the crown in its development.

Incisal Edge Lobe Mamelon Ridge Cusp Ridge Incisal Ridge Marginal Ridges

an indistinct linear depression, irregular in extent and direction, which does not demarcate major divisional portions of a tooth. These often give the occlusal surface a wrinkled appearance. formed by the junction of the lingual surfuces of an anterior tooth. This edge does not exist until occlusal wear has created a surface linguoincisally. a developmental segment of the tooth. As lobes develop they coalesce to form a single unit. a rounded prominence on the incisal ridge of a newly erupted incisor. a linear elevation on the surface of a tooth. an elevation which extends in a mesial and distal direction from the cusp tip. Cusp ridges form the buccal and lingual margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth. the incisal portion of a newly erupted anterior tooth elevated crests or rounded folds of enamel which form the mesial and distal margins of the occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth and the lingual surfaces of the anterior teeth.

elevated prominences on the occlusal surfaces of a Oblique Ridges maxillary molar extending obliquely from the tips of the mesiolingual cusp to the distobuccal cusp. prominent elevations, triangular in cross section, which extend from the tip of a cusp toward the central portion of Triangular Ridges hte occlusal surface of a tooth. Named for the tooth for the cusp to which they belong. made up of the triangular ridges of a buccal and lingual cusp which join to form a more or less continuous Transverse Ridges elevation extending transversely across the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth. an elongated valley in the surface of a tooth formed by Sulcus the inclines of adjacent cusps or ridges which meet at an angle. -Mastication of food Functions of Primary -Reserve space for permanent dentition Dentition -Support for clear speech Tooth Emergence Birth up to 6 to 8 months no teeth visible in mouth (Birth) Tooth Emergence From 6 to 8 months through 2 to 2 1/2 (Begin to erupt) years all primary teeth should be visible in mouth. Tooth alignment in Interproximal spacing is important between the primary dentition primary teeth Tendency for more posterior teeth to shift forward Mesial Drift with the absence of a proximal contact. widest tooth mesial-distally of any anterior tooth. most prominent tooth in permanent dentition one Maxillary Central pulp canal with 3 pulp horns common location for supernumerary Greatest variation in form of any permanent tooth Maxillary Lateral except for 8s. Most frequently feature a platogingival groove which is a site periodontitus. Longest tooth in maxillary arch Carries usually does not occur-shape is self-cleansing. Maxillary Centrals Functions as the corner stones of the mouth, giving support to facial muscles and helping maintain vertical dimension. Maxillary 1st Is the only premolar that may have 3 rootsPremolar buccal root will bifurcate at apical 1/3. Maxillary 2nd Both cusps are nearly equal in size. Premolar Largest tooth overall with largest crown Maxillary 1st Molar Cusp of Carabelli Most periodontally fragile tooth

May exibit buccal tilt Maxillary 2nd Molar Maxillary 3rd Molar No standard form and often appears as developmental anomaly. Occludes with only 1 opposing tooth Instrumentation difficult Oral Hygiene difficult May remain impacted due to insufficient arch growth -Occlusal table appears more restricted buccal lingually appear more narrow than wider from back to front more notable on mandibular. -roots flared beyond crown outline to allow space for developing permanent crown.

Primary Molars

Primary Maxillary 1st 3 rooted,palatal(lingual) root longest molar Primary Maxillary may exhibit a cusp of carabelli 2nd molar Fused Roots roots with no seperation the joining of 2 tooth buds to form 1 large tooth. Fusion Usually exhibits a large crown with a single root containing 2 canals 2 fully formed teeth that have become joined at the Concrescense cementum. Accessory Root more that normal number of roots. Excessive cementum formation after a tooth has Hypercementosis erupted.Generally located on t he apical 1/3 to 1/2 of the tooth root. Cervical Enamel Enamel projection that extends from the cervical are Project (CEP) apically. Grade I CEP enamel slight extension toward the furcation enamel that extends to near the area of root trunk Grade II CEP separation. enamel that extends into area of root trunk separation or furca *Periodontal fibers will not attach to enamel. Grade III CEP These areas may become site of localized periodontal disease. Droplet or "Pearl" shaped enamel formation found on the root surface. Most frequently seen in the maxillary Enamel Pearl molars. *Periodontal fibers will not attach to enamel. These areas may also become sites of localized periodontal disease. A sharp bend or curvature in the root surface. Dilaceration Caused by root displacement during tooth development. Abnormal calcification of the periodontal ligament Ankylosed Tooth resulting in abnormal fixation of a tooth.

Pocket formation into the fluting of the furca,but the interrad radiographic evidence of bone loss. Interradicular bone is destroyed on one or more aspects Grade II Involvement of the furcation,but a portion of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament remains intact. The furcation is occluded by gingiva but the interradicular Grade III bone had been destroyed so that a probe can be passed Involvement through from one surface to the other. Grade IV The periodontium is destroyed to such a degree that the Involvement furcation is open and exposed and clinically visible. can be efficiently observed in occluded study casts and Static Oclussion seen directly in the oral cavity when the lips and cheeks are retracted consists of all contacts during chewing, swallowing, or Functional Oclussion other normal action Mesognathic Retrognathic Prognathic Labioversion A tooth that has assumed a position labial to normal. Linguoversion Position lingual to normal. Buccoversion Position buccal to normal. Supraversion Elongated above the line of occlusion. Torsiversion Turned or rotated. Depressed below the line of occlusion, for example, Infraversion primary tooth that is submerged or ankylosed. Crowded maxillary or mandibular anterior teeth. Protruded or retruded maxillary incisors. Class I or Anterior crossbite.Posterior crossbite. Neutroclusion Mesial drift of molars resulting from premature loss of teeth. Description Mandibular teeth posterior to normal position in their Class II or relation to the maxillary teeth.Facial Distoclusion Profile - Retrognathic; maxilla protrudes; mandible appears retruded or weak. The mandible is retruded and all maxillary incisors are Class II or protruded.Conditions that frequently occur in Class II, Distoclusion Class II, Division 1 malocclusion: Deep overbite, excessive Division 1 overjet, abnormal muscle function (lips), short mandible, or short upper lip. Class II or The mandible is retruded, and one or more maxillary Distoclusion Class II, incisors are retruded.Conditions that frequently occur in Division 2 Division 2: Maxillary lateral incisors protrude while both Grade I Involvement

Class III or Mesioclusion

Primate Spaces* Without Primate Spaces.

central incisors retrude, crowded maxillary anterior teeth, or deep overbite. Prognathic,The buccal groove of the mandibular first permanent molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first permanent molar by at least the width of a premolar. Mandibular: Between mandibular canine and first molar (Figure 16-13A).Maxillary: Between maxillary lateral incisor and canine Closed arches.

The distal surface of the mandibular primary molar is mesial to that of the maxillary, thereby forming a mesial Terminal step step First permanent molar erupts directly into proper occlusion The distal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular primary molars are on the same vertical plane. First Terminal Plane ? permanent molars erupt end to end. mandibular primate space, early mesial shift of primary molars into the primate space occurs, and the permanent man are those made outside the normal range of function. They result from occlusal habits and neuroses. Parafunctional They are potentially injurious to the periodontal contacts supporting structures, but only in the presence of dental biofilm and inflammatory factors.They create are the normal contacts that are made between the maxillary teeth and the mandibular teeth during Functional contacts chewing and swallowing. Each contact is momentary, so the total contact time is only a few minutes each day. With destruction of the supporting structures of a tooth as a result of periodontal infection, and with a force to Pathologic Migration move a tooth weakened by disease and bone loss, migration of the tooth can result.Pathologic migration occurs when disease is present. Periodontal tissue injury caused by repeated occlusal Trauma from forces that exceed the physiologic limits of tissue Occlusion tolerance Excessive occlusal force is exerted on a tooth with Primary trauma normal bone support. Excessive occlusal force is exerted on a tooth with bone loss and inadequate alveolar bone support. Secondary trauma The ability of the tooth to withstand occlusal forces is impaired. A tooth has lost the support

Trauma Clinical Findings That May Occur in Trauma from Occlusion 1 Clinical Findings That May Occur in Trauma from Occlusion 2

of the surrounding bone. changes in function tooth not disease. Tooth mobility. Fremitus. Sensitivity of teeth to pressure and/or percussion. Pathologic migration.Wear facets or atypical incisal or occlusal wear.Open contacts related to food impaction. Neuromuscular disturbances in the muscles of mastication. In severe cases, muscle spasm can occur. Temporomandibular joint symptoms.