HW 2: Features, Allophones, and Conditioning Environments Part I: Translating between Features and Natural Classes 1.

What is the feature matrix for the natural class including liquids, nasals, and obstruents? 2. What is the feature matrix for glides? 3. What is the feature matrix for voiced obstruents? 4. Give the entire set of IPA segments that are [+anterior]. What do they have in common? 5. Give the entire set of IPA segments that are [+distributed]. What do they have in common? 6. Give the entire set of IPA segments that are [+strident]. What do they have in common? 7. In Sanskrit, /s/ is retroflexed if it occurs before /r/, /u/, /k/, or /i/, hence the name Sanskrit ruki rule. Is there a coherent natural class for the ruki environment? 8. In Japanese, [t] does not occur before [i] or []. Do these items form a natural class? (NB Japanese has the five vowels [a], [e], [i], [o], [].) 9. What are the place features of uvular consonants? 10. Give an example from class or section in which a natural subclass of dorsals conditioned allophonic variation. Part II: Allophones and Conditioning Environments 1. Consider the distribution of [b], [], and [w] in the following two languages. Peninsular Spanish [bomba] [baka] [basta] [baon] [bea] [ambos] [emba] 'bomb' 'cow' 'vast' 'baron' 'veda' 'both' 'female' [kao] [una ela] [pulikaia] [salia] [xaana] [las oas] [kua] [ieti] [id] [elu] [eju] 'cape' 'a Belgian' 'publication' 'saliva' 'Havana' 'the deeds' 'Cuba' 'it is dirty' 'eight' 'well' 'day, sun' [awa] [weste] [nawas] [awante] [lewa] [waka] [una wela] [wani] [wadubi] [wbu] [warubi] 'water' 'army' 'undercoat' 'fortitude' 'league' 'burial ground' 'a strike' 'one thing' 'buzzard' 'hill' 'king fish'

Garifuna (Guatemala, Belize) [bege] 'shoulder' [bimina] 'banana' [dabula] 'table' [bani] 'your thing'

Which pair is in complementary distribution in Spanish? In Garifuna? Give the conditioning environments for each of three allophones, in both languages. 2. In what contexts, if any, is voicing predictable in Russian? (Data from K&K1979) Russian (Some variation in vowels omitted).
Nom. sg. Dat. sg. Gen. pl. 'fish' rba rbe rp 'path' tropa trope trop 'victory' 'orphan' pobeda sirota pobede sirote pobet sirota 'storm' groza groze gros 'rat' krsa krse krs 'ski' la le ls 'soul' dua due du 'leg' noga noge nok 'dog' sobaka sobake sobak

3. What principles underlie the distribution of aspiration in Sierra Populuca? (Data from K&K1979) Sierra Populuca (NB IPA doesn't recognize an alveopalatal stop so we'll use [t],[d].) petkuj 'broom' pettap 'be swept, 3sg' kekpa 'fly, 3sg'

nkpa i kuj hut np hoppa itit

'go, 3sg' 'cow' 'wood' 'where' 'mouth' 'roll, 3sg' 'jerk, 3sg'

tuki hos tots ikapun ikka petpa mtpa

'turtle' 'hole' 'tongue' 'his barrow' 'kill, 3sg' 'sweep, 3sg' 'play, 3sg'

kekgakpa tsam mok tittit makti witpa piki

'fly again, 3sg' 'very' 'corn' 'mestizo' 'ghost' 'walk, 3sg' 'bow'