Courier Industry Introduction A courier is a person or a company who delivers messages, packages, and mail.

Couriers are distinguished from ordinary mail services by features such as speed, security, tracking, signature, specialization and individualization of express services, and swift delivery times, which are optional for most everyday mail services. As a premium service, couriers are usually more expensive than usual mail services, and their use is typically restricted to packages where one or more of these features are considered important enough to warrant the cost. Different courier services operate on all scales, from within specific towns or cities, to regional, national and global services. The world's largest courier companies are DHL, FedEx, TNT, UPS, and Aramex. These offer services worldwide, typically via a hub and spoke model. TYPES OF COURIERS BICYCLE COURIERS OR MOTORCYCLE COURIERS BICYCLE MESSENGER CASUAL COURIER COMMON CARRIER VS. PRIVATE CARRIER DIPLOMATIC COURIER EXPRESS MAIL MAIL MOTORCYCLE COURIER MULE (SMUGGLING) PACKAGE DELIVERY POST RIDERS TELEGRAPHY LORRIES, RAILWAYS AND AIRCRAFT Evolution Meaning of Courier is Messenger. India has very efficient postal system .It was developed before the arrival of Europeans Dutch----------Portuguese --- Dismissal of Mughals French ---------

Finally British East India Co. replaced others

START OF POSTAL SERVICES IN INDIA In India Postal services starts in 1837 for the first time. In India Postal Services are available at three stages: GOVERNMENT : Government Postal Services is become helpful when one has any work related to government offices or any other work of government institutes then one has to compulsorily post his document through this level. MILITARY Military Postal services is only for the military communication. CIVILIANS Civilians Postal Services are for the people of the country .

Modern Traditional

Ultra Modern

The Evolution of Courier Business

In Ancient fTimes Organised mail delivery dates back about 4000 years in ancient Egypt, Persia and China mainly for royal and other official scrolls. Trusted relay messengers on foot and horseback delivered at designated Post Houses till final destination. The Romans radically improved delivery system to cater for general mails and achieve greater speed covered up to 270km within a day. Swift response to need for meeting urgent delivery requirements. Express doortodoor delivery of time sensitive packages. E.g. commercial papers (bill of lading, negotiable instruments, bid for tender, etc), Urgent spares (machine, oil installation, etc), Samples (for international import and exports) Emergency supplies (medications, laboratory reports and diagnosis) In Modern Times The Renaissance and the invention of the Printing Press boosted volume of mails and brought about greater need for faster and more reliable postal system. Corporations and Guilds (Workers Unions) then set up their own postal services. By the 15th Century mail delivery had become big business, attracting private enterprise. In late 17th Century France declared all postal services State Monopoly and established Post Offices, which gradually became standard policies in Europe and elsewhere and a big source of state finance. Postage stamps were introduce in early 19th Century, and transformed mail delivery to a pre-paid service. Courier business is presently a critical service sector of global economy, reaching to nearly every hamlet across the world. It is also one of the fastest growing sectors.

Inability of state run postal systems to cope with 20th Century jet-age demands of SPEED, SECURITY & EXPANDED DELIVERY led to emergence of modern private courier firms, operating side by side with state run postal system that has become an endangered specie. Despite influx of new entrants in the last 15 years, the sector is still far from saturation point.

COURIER SERVICES TERMINOLOGY Courier services terminology is just as specific to its industry as the lingo used by any sector. However, courier services do have many terms in common with most delivery services as the job they do is essentially the same whether they are simply delivering packages locally or shipping them over the oceans. We have put together a guide of the most common terms used in the courier service to help you understand what people are saying. Agent manifest: The document filled in to report any shipments handed off to an agent who will take longer than 24 hours to return with the delivery. Authorization: The permission needed to ship dangerous items or packages this generally only comes into play when shipping parcels overseas and something needs to be cleared through customs. Usually authorization for such shipments can only be given by a high-ranking official within the delivery company. Brokerage fee: The cost that is charged by a customs broker for having used their service to clear goods or packages through customs. Bulk shipment: Normally refers to a shipment that is over a certain weight. For most courier services, anything over 75 pounds falls into the bulk category. Call centre dispatch: The central telephone service that takes all courier pick-up and delivery orders. CIF: Short for: Cost, insurance and freight. C.O.D.: Cash on delivery. When someone ships a package or document at the expense of the recipient. Usually the recipient must pay for the delivery before is will be released by the driver. Commercial invoice: The documents that must be filled out when shipping goods on which duties can be levied. The forms describe everything in the shipment in detail. Confirmation number: The number given to a customer as prove that their order for either pick-up or delivery has been processed correctly.

CSR: Customer service representative. DG: Dangerous goods. DK: Door knocker the tag left for a customer informing them of an attempt to deliver a package to them. DV: Declared value. Depot: The large warehouse or base where a courier services deliveries are processed. Drop box: A place where customers can drop off their deliveries instead of having them picked-up at their homes or offices. Sometimes the drop box can be at the couriers satellite location. EMS: Express mail service. HDV: High declared value. Hold for pickup: The delivery is held by the courier service until it is picked up at their office by the intended recipient. Limitation of Liability: The legal extent to which a courier service is responsible for any damages incurred while delivering your package or documents. Manifest: A bill of lading that lists several shipments. N/C: No charge. NDV: No declared value. O/O: Owner operator. P/U: Pick-up. POD: Proof of delivery. SNR: Signature not required. Tariff: A list of prices charged by governments on certain types of shipments. Universal Postal Union: A worldwide organization of post offices responsible for processing express mail deliveries. The above list is a partial collection of the most commonly used terms in courier services. So, if you do not understand a something you were told and cannot find it on the list, do not feel shy to ask for clarification from your courier service.

RECENT DEVELOPMENT In August 2003, changes made to the Working Time Regulations introduced a maximum 48hour working week for delivery drivers

businesses opted to use courier firms to cover any excess work Since May 2006, all new vehicles that require a tachygraphy must be fitted with a digital tachograph rather than the old analogue type Rule change enables operators and the enforcement agencies to monitor driver hours better Government statistics show that the number of firms involved in courier activities has risen in recent years The demand for courier services is strong, but it also means that you will face stiff competition You may have difficulty attracting customers in the face of competition from established local businesses and high profile national firms Dispatch Association is an independent trade association for the courier industry Protects the interests of its members and raises the profile of the industry nationally Provides various benefits for members including model Terms of Trade & Conditions of Carriage, a Code of Practice for drivers and networking and insurance facilities Dispatches magazine to help keep up to date with industry news

Recent development on government agencies and departments regulating their counterparts across different sectors of the economy heightened recently as Nigerian International Air Couriers Association (NIACA) and Association of Nigeria Courier Operators (ANCO) at a joint press conference appealed to Federal Government and relevance authorities to intervene by revoking the act mandating NIPOST to act as courier and postal industry regulator. Investigation revealed that outdoor advertising practitioners in Lagos once alleged that Lagos State Signage and Advertising Agency (LASAA), which ought to be an industry regulator is being managed by a competitor, Mr. Makanjuola Alabi, chief executive officer of LASAA, who is touted to be the owner of Altmedia, one of the frontline outdoor contractors in Lagos State. The same controversy however, has resurfaced in courier and logistics industry, where operators under the aegis of Niaca and Anco, is advocating a paradigm shift from the status quo that gives Nipost the authority to regulate and sanction competition. At the meeting attended by the industry players, the purpose for the meeting was to update the media on developments relating to a bill for an act to provide for the Operation and Development of Postal Service, the establishment of the Nigerian Postal Commission and Other Related Matters in the past year. Some of the developments, according to Toyin Olufade, Anco president include the act that mandates NIPOST to regulate the industry, multiple taxation on the players particularly private sector players, funding of the commission, licensing regime, composition of the governing board,

distinction between courier service and postal service and the contribution of Universal Postal Service fund amongst others. Speaking on some of the issues seriously affecting the industry, Dipo Akinyele, Chairman of Niaca said, 'while we await the outcome of the deliberations of the Honourable House of Representative Committee on Communications, we would like to seize this opportunity to draw the attention of the general public to the impact of certain aspects of the Bill on the courier express industry. Like what is obtainable in other industries such as advertising, telecommunications, research and oil and gas where government set up an independent agency to regulate a specify industry, Niaca and Anco welcome the establishment of an independent regulatory body to be known as the Nigerian Postal Commission (NPC) which would take the powers of a regulator from Nipost with the group represented in the governing board. Akinyele said "The services offered by Courier Express companies differ from those of postal operators, consequently different rules should apply to their operations. Our focus is entirely on time sensitive and time definite services." The issue of licensing regime was equally emphasised. The group frowned at the current licensees operating under the Nipost Act. Akinyele stated that "Licensees hitherto operating under the Nipost Act are required to apply for new licenses. This portends a grave commercial risk to existing license holders and our recommendation is that where a license is valid, legal and still subsisting; it should be persevered until the expiration of the license and should be eligible for renewal. Whilst the Bill recognizes the benefit of multiple courier express operators there is no provision for the existence of multiple postal operators" he emphasized. Discordant voices have trailed the activities of Nipost which regulates while offering same services as industry operators. Concern was also raised over the UPS fund under section 82 (2) b, which contribution would be made by licensee based on the annual turnover paid by licensees, to be determined by the NPC. CONTRIBUTION INDIAN ECONOMY PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY OR SERVICE

Courier Companies in India Aramex India - Courier & parcel delivery services Blue Dart - Integrated express transportation company DHL India - Drop-off locations and information on sending shipments to India Desk To Desk Courier & Cargo - Courier and cargo services Elbee Express - Domestic & International Express Courier Services FedEx India - Courier & freight forwarding services First Flight Couriers - Domestic & international courier services TNT India - Domestic courier, cargo shipping and document delivery Team United Express - Domestic and international courier services UPS India - Letters and package delivery services Vichare - Courier services provider Gurdev Courier Services Local Domestic & International ST Couriers - Domestic and International UPEX Couriers - Courier & freight forwarding services Overnite Express - Domestic & International Courier services

SWOT Analysis Strengths Around 40% annual growth. Increased multi-use applications Greater acceptance in tune with fast lifestyle. Weakness Erratic airline system Roles susceptible to increase in air rates.

Service level not yet upto demand. Opportunities

Growing market Can create a distinctive brand. Meet demands of specific target groups Threats

Increased competition Unrecognized sector. Demanding clientele.

MARKET COVERAGE

Sales in Percentage
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 DHL SkyPAK Speed Post Blue Dart Elbee 19 19 17 30

15

Total : 155 Cr.