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Definisi Tenses In English, tenses mean time (time). Tenses indicate action, activity, action time now, past or future. Tensesn is the verb form changes in grammar that indicates an event or act in accordance with the time or events. A tense is a grammatical category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place The tenses are past, present, and future. Tense can also make finer distinctions than simple past-present-future; past tenses for example can cover general past, immediate past, or distant past, with the only difference between them being the distance on the timeline between the temporal reference points. Such distinctions are not precise: an event may be described in the remote past because it feels remote to the speaker, not because a set number of days have passed since it happened; it may also be remote because it is being contrasted with another, more recent, past event. This is similar to other forms of deixis such as this and that. In absolute tense, as in English, tense indicates when the time of assertion, time of completion, or time of evaluation occurs relative to the utterance itself (time of utterance). In relative tense, on the other hand, tense is relative to some given event. The number of tenses in a language may be disputed, because the term tense is often used to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood. In many texts the term "tense" may erroneously indicate qualities of uncertainty, frequency, completion, duration, possibility, or whether information derives from experience or hearsay (evidentiality).[citation needed] Tense differs from aspect, which encodes how a situation or action occurs in time rather than when. In many languages, there are grammatical forms which express several of these meanings (see tense aspectmood). In languages which have tenses, they are normally usually indicated by a verb or modal verb. Some languages only have grammatical expression of time through aspect; others have neither tense nor aspect. Some East Asian isolating languages such as Chinese express time with temporal adverbs, but these are not required, and the verbs are not inflected for tense. In Slavic languages such as Russian a verb may be inflected for both tense and aspect together.

Sixteen froms of tenses In English tenses are classified into 16 (sixteen), each of which has a use and function different

1. Present Tense (Time) a) Simple Present tense is used to declare the act, where the act is being done or something that's a daily habit. Formula :

+ } S + V1 + O/C - } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C ? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C b) Present Continuous Tense is the form used to express actions in progress or being worked on. Formula : + } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C - } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C ? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C c) Present Perfect Tense is a form of sentence in the English language that states an act that has been done (in the past) Formula : subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

d) Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to form wktu declare an event of the past and continues to this day. Formula : +} S + have/has + been + Ving -} S + have/has + not + been + Ving ?} Have/has + S + been + Ving

2. Past Tense (Past Time) e) Simple Past Tense is a form stating wktu an act that happened in the past and has nothing to do with the present. Formula :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C -} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C ?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C f) Past Continuous Tense is the form used to declare events. Formula : +} S + was/were + Ving -} S + was/were + NOT + Ving ?} Was/Were + S + Ving

g) Past Perfect Tense is a form of time diguakan to declare an event in the past a perfect finish before another deed done. Formula :

+} S + had + V3 -} S + had + not + V3 ?} Had + S + V3 h) Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a form of time spent on meyatakan a past event that took place before another event occurs. Formula : subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb 3. Future Tense (Will Come) i) Simple Future Tense is the form which states that an act be done in the future Formula : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb j) Future Continuous Tense is a form stating the time an act of will (are) held at a future time. Formula : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb k) Future Perfect Tense is the form which states that an act done in the past has been completed at another time in the future. Formula : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

l) Future Perfect Continuous Tense is the form that states the actions that have occurred in the past and that action would probably lasts at different times in the future. Formula : subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb 4. Future Past Tense (Will Come In Time Past) m) Future Past Tense is used to describe things that will happen or be done in the past. Formula : +} S + would + V1 -} S + would + not + V1 ?} Would + S + V1 n) Future Past Continuous Tense is used to describe things that will be happening in the past. Formula : +} S + would + be + Ving -} S + would + not + be + Ving ?} Would + S + be + Ving o) Future Past Perfect Tense is used to describe what would have happened in the past. Formula : +} S + would + have + V3 -} S + would + not + have + V3 ?} Would + S + have + V3

p) Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to describe things that would have been going on in the past. Formula : +} S + would + have + been + Ving -} S + would + not + have + been + Ving ?} Would + S + have + been + Ving

Example sentence tenses

1) Simple Present Tense Example : + } Sisca Reads book everyday - } Sisca does not Read book everyday ? } does Sisca Read book everyday 2) Present Continuous Tense Example : +} He is playing badminton now -} He isnt playing badminton now. ?} Is he playing badminton now. 3) Present Perfect Tense Example : +} You have eaten mine. -} She has not been to Rome ?} Have you finished? 4) Present Perfect Continuous Tense Example : +} She has been going to Malang since evening. -} She hasnt been going to Malang since evening. ?} Has she been going to Malang ?

5) Simple Past Tense Example : +} We were at school yesterday -} We were not at school yesterday ?} Were we at school yesterday ? 6) Past Continuous Tense Example : (+) He was watching television all afternoon last week (-) He wasnt watching television all afternoon last week (?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week 7) Past Perfect Tense Example : (+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle (-) When my brother arrived , I hadnt painted my motor cycle (?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ? 8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense Example : (+) They had been living there for two month (-) They hadnt been living there for two month (?) Had they been living there for two month?

9) Simple Future Tense Example : +} President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow. -} President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow. ?} Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow? 10) Future Continuous Tense Example : +} I will be studying tomorrow night. -} I will not be studying tomorrow night. ?} Will I be studying tomorrow night ? 11) Future Perfect Tense Example : +} You will have for gotten me by then. -} We will not have left. ?} Will they have receivedit? 12) Future Perfect Continuous Tense Example : +} I will have been reading a news paper. -} I will havent been reading a news paper. ?} Will I have been riding a news paper ?

13) Past Future Tense Example : +} They would buy a home the previous day. -} They wouldnt buy a home the previous day. ?} Would they buy a home the previous day ? 14) Past Future Continuous Tense Example : +} I should be swimming at this time the following day. -} I shouldnt be swimming at this time the following day. ?} Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ? 15) Past Future Perfect Tense Example : +} He would have graduated if he had studies hard. -} He wouldnt have gone if he had met his darling ?} Would He have gone if he had met his darling ? 16) Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense Example : +} Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years -} Rianawati wouldnt have been speaking English for two years ?} Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Referensi

Anwar, Munash Fauzi.2005.English In Progres.Jakarta:PT.Yudhistira http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_tense http://wartawarga.gunadarma.ac.id/2010/03/16-tenses-5/ http://javasun3.wordpress.com/2010/03/03/rumus-16-tenses-bahasa-inggris/