RM / SIMSR / RM TOPIC : DATA ANALYSIS Q1 Differentiate between following, 1. Parameter and statistic. 2. Level of significance and level of confidence.

3. Null and Alternate hypothesis. 4. Type-I and type-II error. 5. One-tailed and two-tailed test of hypothesis 6. Testing of hypothesis and estimation. 7. Point estimate and interval estimate. 8. Parametric and non-parametric test of hypothesis 9. Z-test and t-test of hypothesis. 10. Test of goodness of fit and test of independence, under chi-square test 11. 1-way ANOVA and 2-way ANOVA. 12. Test of confirmation and test of comparison. State whether following statements are true or false, giving reasons, 1. Level of significance is type-I error. 2. In 1-way ANOVA, we need all samples to be of equal size. 3. Point estimate is often insufficient because it is either right or wrong. 4. In Z distribution , area contained between + / - 3* standard deviation is equal to 100%. 5. In fixing critical value of t, we need to specify level of significance or degrees of freedom or one/two tailed. 6. All tests of hypothesis are repetitive and hence universal. 7. If the test fails to support null hypothesis, it also, indicates why test fails. 8. ( 1 beta error ) is called power of test. 9. 1% level of significance gives greater confidence to decision maker than 5% level of significance. 10. In 1-way ANOVA, if F calculated is lesser than 1, it means the factor which differentiates columns is the strong reason explaining variation in data. 11. If all data values are increased by 5, ANOVA inference drawn earlier will change. 12. Client is supposed to give beta error to researcher in advance. 13. In chi-square test, we want to confirm whether chi-square value is zero or not. 14. Level of significance is rejection area under the sampling distribution beyond critical value of test statistic 15. Good hypothesis can result into type-II error only. 16. Alternate hypothesis can decide whether test is one tailed or two tailed in case of large sample Z test. 17. Randomised block experimental design results into one-way ANOVA. 18. Difference between sample statistic and population parameter is always significant. 19. We use chi-square test of goodness of fit on nominal data 2-way classified. 20. Latin square experimental design will lead to 3-way ANOVA

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Q3 State whether following statements are true or false, giving reasons 1. Partial correlation analysis is same as multiple correlation analysis. 2. If byx = 0.8, bxy = - 0.2, hence r = - 0.4. 3. If byx = 0.8,bxy = 1.6, hence r = 1.13. 4. byx and bxy must be less than 1, always. 5. y = a + bx this equation can be used to estimate value of x for a given value of y always. 6. If two regression lines are perpendicular to each other., correlation coefficient is 1 7. If r =0.7, amount of variation in y because of x is 70 %. 8. Coefficient of determination can be negative sometimes. 9. If one variable is constant, correlation between x and y is positive perfect. 10. If coefficient of determination is less, stronger will be relationship between x and y. 11. Coefficient of indetermination and standard error of estimate are same in concepts. 12. Variance and co-variance mean the same thing. 13. If correlation coefficient between x and y is 0.90, this definitely proves that relationship is always causal. 14. If two regression lines coincide, coefficient of correlation is always +1. 15. Intersection of two regression lines is the mean of each variable. Q4 Explain importance of following in statistical analysis (Under what circumstances will you recommend following in analyzing data collected? 1. Mode as measure of central tendency. 2. Coefficient of variation 3. Interquartile range. 4. Measures of skewness and kurtosis 5. Syx : standard error of estimate of y because of x. 6. Coefficient of determination ( r2) 7. Co-variance in bivariate analysis 8. Interval estimate. 9. Classification, tabulation, presentation of data 10. Frequency curve and histogram 11. Correlation and regression analysis 12. Yules coefficient of association

M. S. WATWE ( mukundwatwe@yahoo.com )