ABSTRACT

Terra-Firma

Statement
Motivation:

- to

design and build the foundation for city in

given arena with actual sea water condition at base.

With increase in Global warming and population, there will be shortage of land in nearby future. So an alternative for the survival of humans in future is required. One of the alternatives may be the construction on water for example The "Palm Island" in Dubai. The Palm Islands are artificial peninsulas constructed of sand dredged from the bottom of the Persian Gulf.

Materials:
1. Hard plastic sheets 2. Gravel 3. Sand 4. Soil

PROCEDURE1. Preparation of Cofferdam From the given standard sized sheets we will be preparing a closed rectangular shaped cofferdam so that they indicate the perimeters of the construction that is to be built. 2. Dewatering-During unwatering (pumping the water to outside of cofferdam) a cofferdam in cohesion less soils, The upward flow from the surrounding groundwater induces a quick condition, which results In loss of strength at the bottom. In other words, if the flow is upward then the Water pressure tends to lift the soil element. If the upward water pressure is high enough the Effective stresses in the soil disappear, no frictional strength can be mobilized and the soil Behaves as a fluid. To prevent quick condition, the head difference causing flow, i.e. the difference between the

groundwater table level and the standing water level within the cofferdam., will be kept low.

3. Foundation laying methods- Method using loose stone-This will involve

the creation of a stone berm upon which the foundation base will be supported. The largest stones will be placed on the exterior incline of the pavement so that the works are protected from the beating of the water. A 50cmx50cm foundation will be formed as follows: BUILDING THE SEA FLOOR- a layer of sand few mm thick will be placed at the sea level. This will be done when the water is still.

This is to be kept in place using rubbles which will slightly raise the water level.

The sand and rubble only forms the base

But the real strength will be provided by the coarse aggregate.

The fine aggregate and sand will be split so that the aggregates interlock properly .

5. Repeating the process- the above will be repeated to form second

surface area foundation of 40cmx40cm with standard height of sheet. The final 30cmx30cm surface area foundation will be prepared using gravels and sand.

6. Compaction - the aggregates will be properly compacted in stages using a

thin iron rod or wooden stick giving 25 blows per layer. This is must so that the island formed doesnt sink due to liquefaction when exposed to external dynamic forces.

7. Surface dressing the prepared surface will look like:

The surface will be dressed using sand and soil.

PLAN