Saket College of Management S Y MMS Environment Management Time: 2 hrs 30 Min. Note: 1.

All question carry equal marks 2. Attempt any four 3. Qno.7 is compulsory M M- 60

Q1. What is Green House effect? What are the major causes of Green House effect? Is it harmful to environment? If yes, then why? Answer) the process that raises the temperature of air in the lower atmosphere due to heat trapped by greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone. Major causes of Green House effect The main reason for greenhouse effect is the emission of gases like nitrous-oxide, carbon-di-oxide, methane, ozone and water vapor. The causes of these emissions have been listed below. Deforestation One of the major reasons for the greenhouse effect is deforestation. With the increase in population, more and more forests are being cut to provide accommodation and other amenities to people. This has led to an increase in the amount of carbon di-oxide in the atmosphere. Add to this, burning of forests, for the purpose of deforestation, and we know why the carbon di-oxide has increased to such enormous levels.

Burning of Fossil Fuels We all know that burning of fossil fuels, like petroleum and oil, wood and gas results in release of pollutants into the atmosphere. With time, the consumption of fossil fuels, be it for industrial purposes or consumer purposes, has increased and with it, the pollution levels in the world.

Electrical Appliances Electrical appliances are amongst the major contributors to the green house effect. Refrigerators, air conditions or some other electric appliances emit gases, known as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which have added to the greenhouse effect.

Industries

Most of the industries today add to the pollution levels and in turn, lead to the greenhouse effect. Aerosol cans, some foaming agents used in the packaging industry, fire extinguisher chemicals and cleaners used in the electronic industry contribute to this. Even some processes of the cement manufacturing industries can be counted amongst the culprits.

Automobiles Automobiles, whether they run on petrol or diesel, create pollution and release harmful gases into the atmosphere. These gases, in turn, create the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere. The forever-increasing use of automobiles has only added to the problem.

Population Growth The high rate of population growth has been indirectly responsible for the greenhouse effect. With the increase in the number of people, the need for things like accommodation, clothes, cars, ACs, etc has increased. The result is more industries, more cars, more deforestation, and so on. The ultimate consequence is greenhouse effect.

Q2. Discuss Population and its growth is going to be the greatest challenge for the sustainable development for India and as well as for the developing world.

Q3. What is the meaning of TQEM? What are the steps in ISO 14000 certification process? Is this going to improve the quality of environment? Answer) total quality environmental management (TQEM) is the Application of quality management principles to those aspects of manufacturing practices and processes that affect the quality of environment. THE ISO 14000 CERTIFICATION PROCESS It is widely understood that the steps in the ISO 14001 Certification will mirror those of the model set by the ISO 9000 quality system certification. The 7-step process is as follows: 1. Scope and Implementation. The scope of the certification and the site to which it applies will be identified. An initial review will be conducted, comparing existing systems in the company against the ISO 14000 benchmark requirements. Having discovered those GAPS against the benchmark, the void shall be eliminated and requirements of the standard implemented. Once implementation assures confidence that requirements have been, or are on schedule to be met, the certification process can begin.

2. Application. The certification body or "registrar" requires a completed application. The application will contain the rights and obligations of both the certification body and the client. 3. Document Review. The certification body will require submission of documentation relative to the Environmental Management System (EMS) developed site- and operations-specific to the company. Some certification bodies will perform this review at your facility, however many do it in their own office. 4. Pre-Assessment. Most registrars will recommend a pre-assessment review; some require it. Pre-assessment means a complete assessment of your operation's current status. 5. Assessment. After pre-assessment, or after it has been determined that your company's documented EMS conforms to the requirements of the ISO 14001 standard, a full assessment is conducted. Depending on the size of your operation, this can take several days. 6. Certification. There are three possible results of an assessment: One is certification. If you have successfully implemented all the elements of ISO 14001 - with maybe only minor nonconformances detected, your company or site will become certified. Another possible result could be a conditional or provisional approval. If all of the elements of the standard have been addressed and documented, but perhaps not fully implemented, or there are a number of nonconformances detected in a particular area, showing a negative trend, your company or site may be conditionally approved. Conditional approval requires you to respond to any nonconformances noted during the time defined by the certification body. The certification body will evaluate your corrective action and decide whether or not to approve certification. Disapproval usually occurs when your system is documented but has not been implemented properly, or when basic elements of the standard, such as auditing, corrective action, or process control have not been fully addressed. This situation will definitely result in a re-evaluation by the certification body prior to issuing a certificate. Once Certification has been awarded, your company receives a certificate and is listed in appropriate registers and directories published for the purpose of recognizing those achieving official Certification. 7. Surveillance. Because an EMS is a living system, certificates must be renewed. Most certification bodies conduct surveillance on a semi-annual or annual basis Yes TQEM improve the quality of environment Total Quality Environmental Management refers to business management practices that reduce or prevent environmental pollution achieved through Total Quality Management techniques The development of Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) may improve environment, quality, sustainability, clients value for money, and at the same time reduce contractors risks. TQEM has emerged, in the manufacturing sector, from integrating strategic Environmental Management (EM) into the holistic approach of Total Quality Management (TQM). TQEM embodies four key principles: customer identification, continuous improvement, doing the job right the first time and a system approach. TQEM objective is as follow :

reduce waste and improve continuously, reduce resource depletion, reduce or eliminate environmental pollution, design products for minimal environmental impact in production, use and disposal, control environmental impact of raw material sourcing, control environmental impact of new developments, promote environmental awareness among employees and promote environmental awareness within the community An ISO 14001:2004-based EMS An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001:2004 is a management tool enabling an organization of any size or type to:

identify and control the environmental impact of its activities, products or services, and to improve its environmental performance continually, and to implement a systematic approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and to demonstrating that they have been achieved

Q4. What is the significance of Environmental Management? Is it relevant in current economic scenario? Q5. Explain how corporate sector can contribute to the improvement of the Quality of the environment? Q6. Write a short note on (any two) a) National Environment Policy. b) Constitution of Pollution control board as per the Air (P & CP) Act 1981. c) Benefit of Environment Management System Answer ) Compliance An EMS will encourage compliance with environmental regulations and reduce the risk of causing environmental impacts.

Reduce Costs Implementation of an EMS will help reduce costs and improve an organization's efficiency, through a detailed review of practices.

Environmental Ethic Creating an EMS demonstrates to the public, investors, and other stakeholders a sincere environmental ethic and enhances an organization's public image.

Employee Morale Development of an EMS increases employee morale by encouraging staff input and helping to create a sense of ownership.

Awareness An organization's EMS can have far-reaching environmental effects by increasing employee awareness of environmental issues and perhaps encouraging implementation at home.

d) Role of Government as Planning ,organising , directing implementing , and controlling agency

Q7. Case study The state pollution control board has asked you to prepare an action plan for regulating and controlling the small scale chemical industries that are polluting the air and disposing their waste water without treatment in to municipal nallah. a) What are the reasons for the non-compliance of SSI units? b) Suggest to pollution control board measures they can use to control SSI unit in this regard.

Saket College of Management S Y MMS Environment Management Time: 2 hrs 30 Min. Note: 1. All question carry equal marks 2. Attempt any four 3. Qno.7 is compulsory M M- 60

Q1. Major cause of air pollution and what measures we can take to reduce the air pollution Answer) The pollution of air due to different causes such as industrial chimney wastes, pollutants from thermal power stations, automobiles etc. polluted the air and affect health of the organisms. (i) Industrial Chimney Wastes: In 20th century a large number large scale and small scale industries have become the source of pollution. Petroleum refineries has become a major source of gaseous pollution and the chief gases reduce are SO2 and NO2. (ii) Thermal Power Stations: In India as well as in Orissa so many power stations are super thermal power stations are opened and the chief pollutants are fly-ash, SO2 other gases and hydrocarbons. (iii) Locomotives, Automobiles: The toxic vehicular exhaust has become a source of air pollution. The ever increasing of vehicular traffic density paved a continuous threat to the ambient air quality. Industry Industry is a major contributor to air pollution. Industrial processes release pollutants such as nitrous oxide and hydro fluorocarbons into the air. Agricultural practices, livestock rearing and landfills also contribute to atmospheric methane concentrations. The overall effect is an increase in the global warming potential.

Deforestation Deforestation affects the atmosphere in several ways. Forests act as sinks for carbon dioxide through a process called carbon sequestration. Trees store carbon dioxide in their plant tissue as they take in this gas to undergo food-making. In effect, this action removes carbon dioxide from the air. When forests are burned and destroyed, this storage area for carbon dioxide is removed, increasing the concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Wood Fires Wood fires cause air pollution by releasing particulate matter into the air. These particles can become lodged in your respiratory system, causing irritation to tissues. The particles can also aggravate existing health conditions such as asthma, warns the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Smoking You are still at risk of the dangers of smoking even if you are a nonsmoker. The University of Minnesota estimates that up to 90 percent of the American population is routinely exposed to secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke contains 40 carcinogens, making it an especially lethal form of air pollution. Natural Processes Natural processes can contribute to the effects of air pollution. Natural events such as volcanoes and tornadoes can stir up debris and cause widespread air pollution. Natural erosion of rock and soils also releases toxins such as radon into the air. Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States, according to the National Cancer Institute Chlorofluorocarbons Originally used in refrigerant products and aerosol sprays, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were a major source of air pollution concern in past decades. Released into the atmosphere, CFCs react with sunlight to break down ozone, damaging the protective layer of our atmosphere that helps shield us from the sun's rays. Though concerted efforts to reformulate these products have reduced the free CFCs in the atmosphere, the fact that these molecules can take decades to break down ensures they will remain a concern even in the future

Energy Production

Another major source of air pollution is the electricity generation industry. Many power plants in the United States burn coal to provide power, and despite advances in technology to capture many of the byproducts of this reaction, burning coal produces a great deal of airborne pollutants. Likewise, natural gas and oil-fired plants, though rarer than coal plants, also contribute to the pollution in our skies. Manufacturing Many manufacturing processes use dangerous chemicals, and the reactions these chemicals cause can release toxic byproducts into the air. For instance, the lumber industry uses formaldehyde, a carcinogen, in the production of plywood. Other common byproducts of manufacturing are nitrogen and sulfur, two elements that can react with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain

Pesticides that are used to kill indoor and outdoor pests, insecticides that are utilized to exterminate insects, and herbicides that are used to eradicate weeds are all contributing to the hazards that bring about air pollution.

Automobile, trucks, jet airplanes, and other combustion engine vehicles instigate air pollution. The exhaust released by these things contains carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and gaseous oxide. This creates smog which sets off many respiratory health problems and holes in the ozone layer, which amplifies the exposure to the suns harmful rays. There are many factories, office buildings, homes, and some other power-generating stations which burn fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels is harmful and contributes to the heightening problem of air pollution. The burning of oil and coal also contributes to smog. When there is indoor air pollution, sick building syndrome (SBS) is the term which is used. This occurs when there is not an adequate amount of ventilation to dispense the toxic fumes from, for example, a new carpet, paint or any cleaning chemicals which are used primarily indoors. Petroleum refineries release hydrocarbons that are heavily polluting the air.

Measures to Control Air Pollution: By using the following modern methods air pollution can be controlled.

Industries should be set up at a far away distance from die residential areas habitat of population. The chimneys of all industries should be provided with filter. Rules and measures to be taken to prevent the air pollution caused by smoke of vehicles. Pest controls to be made. Measures to be taken to purify the poisonous chemicals by other chemicals. Green plantations should be encouraged and in the same period deforestation should be legally checked. Carpool - This will help to reduce the number of vehicles on the already congested roads. Bumper-tobumper traffic never helps. Always keep your car tuned properly so that it remains in a good condition. Save energy - Try to use minimum amounts of natural gas and even electricity. Whenever possible, avoid the use of air conditioner and use a fan instead. Always buy recycled products. Reuse things such as paper and plastic bags, paper etc. This will contribute a lot towards reducing the effects of air pollution and global warming. Avoid the use of firecrackers. You don't really need it to express your feeling of happiness. Go in for water-based paints instead of varnishes. If you really cannot avoid using your car, plan your work systematically to reduce air pollution. When possible, walk, bike, carpool or use mass transit. Avoid driving on high ozone days and during peak traffic. Don't fill your gas tank on high ozone days, and try to refuel after dark. Also, don't overfill or "top-off" your gas tank, as fumes can escape. Make your voice heard concerning mass transit and highway development. Get involved in local transportation planning boards or agencies to steer land use toward smart growth choices. Conserve energy to reduce the demand for power plants to produce more electricity by insulating your walls and ceilings, choosing energy-efficient home appliances, and using energyefficient compact fluorescent light bulbs. Run your washer, drier or dishwasher only when full. Use a fan and open windows instead of air conditioning in warm weather. Plant trees near your home to provide cooling shade. Avoid using gas-powered lawn mowers or other gardening equipment, especially on high ozone days. Instead, use electric mowers. Many utilities offer "green" energy options for their customers. As an electricity consumer, research and choose "green" energy options for your home. Contact your utility for details, or click here to learn more about green energy options

Q2. What Green House effect? Discuss in detail problem of global warming and impact on climate. Answer) the process that raises the temperature of air in the lower atmosphere due to heat trapped by greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and ozone. Problem of global warming :-

Temperatures rising and causing climate change meaning the chances of extreme weather events happening more often and more severely. Deaths from heat waves, floods and periods of drought. Melting of glaciers threatening fresh water supplies and major rivers round the world. Temperature change causing changes in farming methods that farmers in poor countries may not be able to deal with. Melting ice caps and glaciers causing rises in sea levels which will flood many coastal areas around the world. Animal species dying out through changes in their habitat when they are unable to move or find food Sea levels will rise due to the melting of the ice caps. This will cause flooding in many low-lying area of the world. These areas include Bangladesh, East Anglia (England) and The Netherlands. changes in weather patterns. Many areas of the world are experiencing increased hurricanes, floods, and other natural disasters. negative effect on animals. Fish populations could be effected, while some insects which spread disease might become more common.

Increased water temperature: As global warming is associated with the rise in average temperature of the planet this increased temperature passes on the heat to water sources present on earth. This increased water temperature is a reason to worry because they are responsible in killing Flora and Fauna available in these sources. Already due to this reasons we have lost some of the rarest and oldest algae species present deep below the sea. Increased climatic disasters: global warming problems are a major threat to our planet as they have increased the frequency of natural disaster. Many of the disasters caused in recent years like tornadoes, hurricanes, floods and droughts are some of the best problems of super imposed threats. Reduction in overall food production: Due to this immoderate behavior of nature and climatic conditions average crop yield will vary depending on the geological location. This effect on crop yield will lead to reduction on global food production resulting in increased cases of malnutrition. Future Problems: According to scientists, global warming problems are going to be worsened in near future causing coastal flooding, reduction in natural water reservoirs and increased health problems and malnutrition problems. Economic Problems: Often with new natural and climatic calamities, different nations have to spend excessive amount on refurbishing and maintaining the city structures, Apart from this increased diseases and treatment costs will furthermore weaken the economies of different countries resulting in reduced world gross domestic product (GDP).
Q3. Discuss possible cause of water pollution. Explain Indias effort in controlling water pollution and high light of Water (P & CP) ACT of 1974. Answer) In any State in which the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974), is in force and the State Government has constituted for that State a State Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution under section 4 of that Act, such State Board shall be deemed to be the State Board for the Prevention and Control of air Pollution constituted under section 5 of this Act and accordingly that State Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution shall, without prejudice to the exercise and performance of its powers and functions under that Act, exercise

the powers and perform the functions of the State Board for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution under this Act.].

Q4. Do you think study of Environmental Management is going to help the budding manager in developing strategy for the sustainable development? Q5. Do you feel that in India various industries and Captain of these Industrial Houses are having concern for the Environment? Elaborate with examples. Q6. Short Notes (any two) a. Scope of Environment Management b. Environment Protection Act 1986 c. Benefits of ISO 14001. d. Environmental Management System (PDCA Model). Answer) The "Plan, Do, Check, Act" model ensures that environmental matters are systematically identified, controlled and monitored. Using this approach will help to ensure that an organization's environmental performance improves over time. Plan The first step in building an Environmental Management System is to devise a plan to define the organization's goals and to determine what is needed to improve the organization's environmental performance. This step should include securing top management commitment, building an implementation team, preparing a budget and securing resources and support from others. Do Once the initial step has been completed, the next step is to understand the 17 elements listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and put the key processes in place.

Check During this step, audits are conducted, and records are managed in accordance with the organization's standards and procedures. Resolve any issues and create a preventative action process. Act

Conduct management reviews during this final stage of the EMS model using the results from the internal audit. Management should determine which changes are needed to the organizational EMS model at this time.

Q7. Case Study Pesticides and their harmful effects on agricultural land are well known. Recently the government has insisted upon creating awareness about sustainable development and identifying unsustainable practices and phasing them out from the agricultural sector. As a district collector with responsibility for agricultural development prepare an action plan for spreading awareness and implementing plan for discontinuing the use of harmful pesticide and alternative methods. Question: What measure you initiate to increase awareness on sustainable development?