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Proposal for the Release of Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2

Submitted by
National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal

Proposed by
KB Koirala, J Shrestha, CB Kunwar, DB Gurung, TR Rijal, BH Adhikary, SR Upadhyay, DC Paudel, GB Hamal, P Thakur, B Bhandari, KP Dhital, IP Upadhyay, GS Bhandari, RK Rajak, CL Chaudahry, N Dhami, YR PandeyY, A Pokhrelu, HK Prasaix, RB KatuwalM and MP Tripathi

A Joint Accomplishment of:

National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Parwanipur Regional Agriculture Research Station (RARS), Nepalgunj Agriculture Botany Division (ABD), Khumaltar Y Regional Agriculture Research Station, Lumle u Agriculture Research Station, Dailekh M Agriculture Research Station, Pakhribas x Agriculture Research Station, Doti

March, 2012

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Application to be made for release of new maize varieties

Government of Nepal Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives National Seed Board

Format for submission of proposal for the release of Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2 maize varieties
The Variety Approval, Release and Registration Sub-committee (VARRC) National Seed Board Secretariat Seed Quality Control Centre Harihar Bhawan, Lalitpur Tel. +977-01-5521359 Sub: Application for the release of maize variety Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2 As, we have bred the seeds of new variety described below, we hereby make this application for the release of the seeds of the variety. Original entry name Arun-4 Arun-1 EV Pool-17 E 1. Background information Maize is the 2nd most important lifesaving crops of the country with the potentiality of highest productivity per unit area. It is the food for more than 14 million people in the hills and playing a vital role in the livelihood of rural people in Nepal. The average national productivity of maize in Nepal is 2119 kg/ha (MoAC, 2009/10) which is very low compared to maize productivity in India and China, the neighboring countries. Mid hill region is the most important corn belt of the country where more than 70% maize area of the country is situated (MoAC 2009/10). The exponential growth of the human population and change of food habit in the recent years, people are consuming more milk, meat, fish and eggs because of increasing trends of income every year. The increased demand of those items needs more maize grains for poultry and animals feeds. Maize can be used as food, feed, fodder, fuel and raw materials for various industrial purposes. Maize is the main ingredient for poultry and animal feeds. The annual growth rate of demand for feed will be 3.38 per cent per annum for 2001 to 2010. Meanwhile, imports of maize seeds have also risen. Maize seed imports soared to 9,778 tons in 2009-10 from 458 tons during the previous fiscal year (NMRP, 2011). Maize growing farmers have not faced any problems of selling maize grains in Nepal. Increment in the production and productivity of maize in the country is extremely essential which is possible only by developing and promoting new and improved high yielding maize Suggested name English Nepali Arun-4 c?0f$ Arun-3 c?0f# Karnali-2 s0ff{nL@

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varieties. The proposed varieties namely Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2 are of broad genetic based having good yield potential. Stakeholders preferred these varieties due to higher grain yield, non-lodging and moderately resistant to weevil and stem borer. It is equally good for intercropping and green ear roasting. The mean grain yield of Arun-4, Arun-3 and Pool-17 E varieties were tested by majority of marginalized and socially disadvantaged groups of farmers (Dalit and women) and they expressed their desire to plant these varieties in the coming years. Existing varietal options to the farmers is very low and varietal replacement rate of the country is also poor. Seven released maize varieties have been denotified out of the total twenty three released varieties in the country. In this context, we should provide more varietal selection options to the maize farmers to enhance the productivity of maize in terai and hills. The newly proposed three maize varieties namely Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2 could be able to provide immediate varietal selection options to the farmers. Since these varieties are early in maturity days, they fit in rice-wheat-maize cropping system and vegetables can be grown after harvesting them. Keeping all these in consideration, NMRP has proposed three new maize varieties namely Arun-4, Arun-3 and Karnali-2. 2. General Information 2.1. Common name: Maize 2.2. Botanical name: Zea mays L 2.3. Original designation/Symbolic name used in testing: Arun-4, Arun-1EV and Pool17 E 2.4. Pedigree: Arun-4 (formed using elite introduced germplasm and local landraces), Arun-1EV and Pool-17 E (comprised of crosses among the early and late flint materials from mexico, the Caribean, Central and South America and Asia) 2.5 Cross Parents:2.6. Country of Origin: Nepal 2.7. Source of material (farmer/community, name of the experiment and the year in which it was first introduced): CIMMYT 2.8. Years and location of testing of the variety in Nepal

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Table 1. Summary of the trials conducted through NMRP, Rampur in 2005-2010 Year Experiments Locations References 2006 CFFT Rajahar and Sukranagar Annexure 1 2010 CFFT Sukranagar, Rajahar and Annexure 2 Manahari 2003 CVT Rampur Annexure 3 2003 CFFT Lumle, Pakhribas and Dailekh Annexure 4 2003 CFFT Lumle, Pakhribas , Dailekh and Annexure 5 Kabre 2006 CVT Rampur Annexure 6 2006 CFFT Dailekh, Pakhribas and Annexure 7 Khumaltar 2007 CFFT Sukranagar Annexure 8 2007 CFFT Rajahar Annexure 9 2007 CFFT Manahari Annexure 10 2006 CVT ARS Doti Annexure 11 2006 Variety cum density trial Rampur Annexure 12 2009 CFFT Pakhribas Annexure 15 2005 CVT Dailekh, Lumle and Pakhribas Annexure 16 2005 CFFT Dailekh, Lumle and Pakhribas Annexure 17 2005 CFFT Dailekh, Lumle and Pakhribas Annexure 18 2006 CVT Dailekh, Pakhribas and Lumle Annexure 19 2010 Heat screening trial Rampur, Nepalgunj and Annexure 20 Parwanipur 2009 Disease screening trial Rampur Annexure 21 2010 Heat screening trial Rampur, Nepalgunj and Annexure 22 Parwanipur 2009 Insect screening nursery Rampur Annexure 23 2010 Insect screening nursery Rampur Annexure 24 2010 CFFT Pakhribas Annexure 25 2010 CFFT Chambas Annexure 26 2005 CFFT Rajahar Annexure 27 2001 On farm evaluation trial Syangya and Palpa Annexure 28 2006 CFFT Dailekh, Annexure 29 2004-06 CVT Pakhribas Annexure 30 2008 Economic analysis of Rampur Annexure 31 intercropping 2010 Disease and insect screening Rampur Annexure 32 2010 Morphology trial Rampur Annexure 33 2011 CFFT Dailekh Annexure 34 2010 CFFT Chambas Annexure 35 2.9. Farmers Field Trial (FFT), participatory trial data/information and stakeholders preferences: Arun-4 is the number one preferred early variety by farmers. Similarly Arun1EV is third preferred variety after Arun-2 in Chambas, Tanahun (Annex 33).

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3. Summary of Varietal Characteristics 3.1 Agronomic Arun-4: This is an early maize variety and has yield potential up to 4436 kg ha-1. Kernel is yellow and flint type. Plant stature is similar to Arun-2. Its open leaves, stem is robust and has no lodging problem. This variety can be grown in the winter seasons in terai and inner terai and mid hill regions. However, main growing season is summer season. Table 2: Major agro-morphological traits of Arun-4 Parameters Mean SD Range Maturity days 113-116 Days to 50% anthesis 54.084.04 47-62.5 Days to 50% silking 57.873.81 52-66.5 Plant height (cm) 200.3225.78 143-247 Ear height (cm) 107.2118.06 73-140.3 -1 Grain yield (kg ha ) 4436924 2342-6050 Arun-1 EV: Arun-1EV is a early maize variety and has yield potential up to 4042 kg ha -1. Kernel is white and flint type. Plant stature is similar to Arun-2. Its open leaves and short plant height offers high density planting. Stem is robust and has no lodging problem. This variety can be grown in the winter seasons in terai and inner terai and mid hill regions. However, main growing season is summer season. Table 3: Major agro-morphological traits of Arun-1 EV Parameters Mean SD Range Days to maturity 100 Days to 50% anthesis 54.464.11 47-62.25 Days to 50% silking 57.84.09 50-66.75 Plant height (cm) 194.0427.18 152-238 Ear height (cm) 104.8824.11 68-142.5 Grain yield (kg ha-1) 4042932 2395-5904

Pool-17 E: This is an early maize variety and has yield potential up to 3555 kg ha-1. Kernel is yellow and flint type. Its open leaves and short plant height offers high density planting. Stem is robust and has no lodging problem. This variety can be grown in the winter seasons in terai and inner terai and mid hill regions. However, main growing season is summer season. Table 4: Major agro-morphological traits of Pool-17 E Parameters Mean (both season) SD Days to maturity 82 Days to 50% anthesis 50.933.42 Days to 50% silking 53.863.45 Plant height (cm) 182.6118.84 Ear height (cm) 92.4525.26 Grain yield (kg ha-1) 3555709 3.2. Response to stresses (please specify):

Range 45-56 47-59 146-209 59-143.3 2450-4776

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3.2.1 Biotic stresses (a) Insects: Specific problems related to insects have not been identified. It is apparent from the results that all Arun-4, Arun-1EV and Pool-17 E showed minimum infestation of maize stem borer. Weevil infestation during storage is not a problem since the husk cover is tight. (b) Diseases: Arun-4, Arun-1EV and Pool-17 E has shown resistant to moderately resistant reaction against leaf blight diseases (Northern leaf blight, Southern leaf blight and Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) in natural condition (Annexure 29 and 30), though its inbred exhibited moderately susceptible reaction against NLB under artificially inoculated condition (Annexure 4 and 30). (c) Weeds: No specific association of weeds with this variety and does not require any special care for weed management. However, the field should be free from weed to attain higher grain yield and crop management practices applied to other maize hybrids or OPVs is also sufficient for this variety. 3.2.2 Abiotic stresses (a) Adverse climatic conditions: These varieties were evaluated under heat screening nursery at NMRP, Rampur; RARS, Parwanipur; and RARS, Tarahara in summer season of 2010 (Annex 20). The results showed that it prefer favorable environment rather than heat stress condition for higher yield performance. The crop could not perform well under any type of stress condition such as water stagnation, drought, heat and cold stresses. The genotypes can flourish its potentiality under optimum condition. (b) Adverse soil conditions: The crop prefers loam to sandy loam soil for better yield performance. It requires frequent irrigation and heavy dose of manure and fertilizer than OPVs to obtain expected yield. (c ) Other stresses, if any: 3.3. Grain/leaf/root/curd/bulb/seed/fruit/tuber qualities: 3.3.1 Nutritional quality (if available): Table 5: Nutritional analysis of Arun-4, Arun-1 EV and Pool-17 E Traits Arun-4 Arun-1EV Ash (%) 1.2955 1.3349 Moisture (%) 11.4808 11.0359 Fat (%) 4.6437 4.4373 Protein (%) 9.5500 10.8275 Crude fiber (%) 1.61 1.98 Carbohydrates (%) 71.4200 70.3844 Thousand grains weight (gm) 276.3 292.8 -1 Bulk density (gm litre ) 783.6 799.5 (Source: Food Research Unit, 2011) 3.3.2 Processing quality: Traits Grit (%) flour(%) bran (%)

Pool-17 E 1.4468 11.9700 3.9078 10.9175 1.89 69.8679 252.6 831.0

Arun-4 68.8 24.5 6.6

Arun-1EV 69 24.5 6.5

Pool-17 E 68.5 24.5 6.4

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Grit : Flour Ratio 3.6:1 3.1:1 3:1:1

3.3.3 Organoleptic test (cooking quality, taste, aroma/flavour, etc): % popping is 13.6% (Arun-1EV) and 21.3% (Arun-4) in earthern pot 3.3.4 Other specific qualities (if any): 3.4. Other characteristics (threshing, storability, market potential etc.): 4. Morphological characteristics (size, shape, colour, etc of various plant parts): Characteristics Anthocyanin coloration of leaf sheath Anthocyanin coloration of brace roots Degree of zigzag of the stem Leaf angle Leaf attitude Angle of tassel branch Attitude of tassel branch Intensity of anthocyanin coloration of glume Anthocyanin coloration of anthers Anthocyanin coloration of silk Intensity of anthocyanin coloration of silk Density of spikelets of the tassel Arun-1EV Absent/very weak Strong Abs/v. slight Medium Slightly curved Short Slightly curved Strong Strong Absent/v.slight Weak Dense Arun-4 Absent/very weak Strong Abs/v.slight Large Strongly curved Short Slightly curved Weak Weak Present Strong Dense Pool-17 E Absent/very weak Strong Medium Medium Curved Short Slightly curved Medium Weak Absent/v.slight Weak Dense

Type of grain in middle third of Flint Flint Flint the grain Color of grain White Yellow Yellow (Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) 4.1. Major identifying characteristics of a crop variety for cultivar authenticity: The genotype can be distinguished from others maize genotypes by following traits. Characters Leaf number above cob Leaf number below cob Ear Length, cm Ear diameter, cm No. of kernel rows/ear No. grain/row Shelling, % Tassel branch number Arun-4 5.33 8.33 17.6 13 12.4 25.6 80 16.75 Overall mean Arun-1EV 5.00 8.00 15.7 12.4 13.7 27.4 80 18.5 Pool-17 E 5.00 5.00 16.7 14.3 12.8 25 81 14.6

(Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

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Arun-4: Kernel is yellow and flint type. Open and green leaves, robust stem and short plant height. Internodes green not swollen Arun-1 EV: Kernel is white and flint type. Open and green leaves, robust stem and short plant height. Internodes green and swollen, cob size medium. Pool-17 E: Kernel is Yellow and flint type. Open and green leaves, robust and thin and slightly zigzag stem and short plant height, cob size small, leaf width small and earliest in maturity 4.2. Molecular characteristics (Not available) 5. Recommendation domain: 5.1 Geographical area (altitude, latitude and longitude): Arun-4 and Arun-1EV were tested at many locations from east to mid-western terai in the various experimental trials CVT and FFT (Table 1). Therefore, this variety is proposed to recommend for commercial cultivation from east terai to mid-western Terai, inner Terai and mid hills of Nepal. 5.2 Moisture regime: partially irrigated and irrigated. Soil moisture as well atmospheric moisture is critical at 7 days before and after flowering. 5.3 Climatic conditions: If the atmospheric temperature rises more than 38 oc pollen grains start to die by appearing tassel firing symptoms and atmospheric temperature below 8o C is not also suitable during flowering time. 5.4 Cropping pattern: The variety is suitable under both maize and rice based cropping system. However, higher level of production can be obtained when the crop is grown in winter rather than summer planting. a. Maize based cropping system: Maize-Soybean-Vegetables Maize-Rajma-Vegetables Maize-Sesame-Maize Maize-Black gram-tori etc. b. Rice based cropping system: Rice-Maize-Mungbean Rice-Maize-Cowpea Rice-Maize-Vegetables Rice-Wheat-Maize Maize-Maize-Rice etc. 5.5 Socioeconomic conditions: The farmers who are growing maize in terai and inner terai condition can easily grow this variety. Farmers can use as fodder after harvesting and get more benefits from this variety than others from milk and milk products. So, the variety is friendly even to resource poor farmers, who can get higher yield per unit area. 5.6 Economic analysis and benefit: Arun-4: The improved genotype Arun-4 yielded 12.35 % more grain yield than the local check when averaged over seven years data from CFFT over the locations. The average yield of seven years (2001-2010) of Arun-4 was recorded 4436 kg/ha whereas local check was recorded at the same period 3888 kg/ha. The difference between this improved one and local check at the farmers field was 548 kg/ha which amounts Rs 9316 if sold for grain @ Rs 17/kg

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whereas the same quantity if sold as seed @ Rs 40/kg then, the amount will be of Rs 21920/- which is extra benefit by growing this genotype. Under intercropped with soybean, Arun-4 produced net income of NRs. 43228/- per hectare (NMRP, 2009) Arun 1 EV: The improved genotype Arun-1 EV yielded 3.80 % more grain yield than the local check when averaged over seven years data from CFFT over the locations. The average yield of seven years (20001-2010) of Arun-1EV was recorded 4042 kg/ha whereas local check was recorded at the same period 3888 kg/ha. The difference between this improved one and local check at the farmers field was 154 kg/ha which amounts Rs 2618/- if sold for grain @ Rs 17/- whereas the same quantity if sold as seed @ Rs 40/kg then, the amount will be of Rs 6160/-, which is extra benefit by growing this genotype. Under intercropped with soybean, Arun-1 EV produced net income of NRs. 36640/- per hectare (NMRP, 2009) Pool-17 E: The improved genotype Pool-17 E yielded 9.36 % less grain yield than the local check when averaged over seven years data from CFFT over the locations. The average yield of seven years (20001-2010) of Pool-17 E was recorded 3555 kg/ha whereas local check was recorded at the same period 3888 kg/ha. The difference between local check and this improved one at the farmers field was 333 kg/ha which amounts Rs 5661/- if sold for grain @ Rs 17/- whereas the same quantity if sold as seed @ Rs 40/kg then, the amount will be of Rs 13320, which is extra loss by growing this genotype. However under intercropped with soybean, Arun-1 EV produced net income of NRs. 13008/- per hectare (NMRP, 2009). 6 Production and management aspect (Please add detailed information, if necessary, on the general cultivation practices; appropriate input and moisture regimes): Package of practice is similar to the Arun-2, released in 1982 and other maize varieties which are growing by farmers in maize growing districts.

6.1 Agronomic Practices: 2-3 ploughings are needed for land preparation. First ploughing should be carried out 30 days prior to maize sowing. The main season for planting these varieties are summer season however it can be grown in winter and spring season. The recommended dose of fertilizer 120:60:40 N:P 2O5:K2O kg ha-1 along with 1015 tons of farm yard manure.. FYM and full dose of P205 and K20 along with 50% nitrogen should be applied during last ploughing (before crop sowing). 25% Urea should be top-dressed during knee high stage and 25% just prior to tasseling and silking. Seed rate 25 kg ha-1 for general grain production. The recommended planting space for early variety is : Row-to-Row distance: 75 cm Plant to plant distance: 25 cm Weeding: First weeding should be done within 20-25 days and second weeding (earthing up) within 40-45 days after the germination. Priority should be given to manual weeding. However, Glyphosate @ 5ml/litre as pre-planting and Pendimethylene @ 5.5 ml/litre can be applied as pre-emergence. Post emergence can be applied with 2-4-D @ 3ml/litre of water.

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6.1.2 Irrigation: Knee high stage, tasseling and silking, and grain filling stages are most critical for moisture stress. Light irrigation should be applied to the maize crop at these stages depending on the soil moisture status and irrigation facilities. 6.1.3 Detasseling: If weather condition is normal (high humidity and temperature less than 38oc), 30% plants can be detasseled, which helps to increase maize production up to 7%. 6.1.4 Harvesting: Crop should be harvested after physiological maturity. Maize can be harvested when black layer is formed on maize grains. 6.1.5 Drying: Maize ears should be sun dried for 3-4 days and before shelling. Grains should be dried on the tarpaulin and covered during the night. When the grain moisture is reduced down to 12%, then grains are either stored in metal bins or kept in sealed bags after processing of seeds. 7. Reasons for release Arun-4 Arun-4 is the number one preferred early variety by farmers (Annex 33). The vigorous growth, early maturing habit, good taste and good husk cover are the positive aspects of Arun-4 as compared to previously released varieties. It is moderately resistant to major maize diseases like Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) and Gray leaf spot (GLS). The infestation of stem borer in Arun-4 is minimum (Annex 32). Arun-4 is highly lodging resistant. Local varieties are highly lodging prone. Thus, Arun-4 addresses the real need of the farmers. Mean height of Arun-4, is 200.32 cm which are tall enough to fulfill the need of fodder for livestock for the farmers

Arun-1 EV Arun-1EV performs better in farmers field. The vigorous growth, early maturing habit, good taste and good husk cover are the positive aspects of Arun-1EV as compared to previously released varieties. It is moderately resistant to major maize diseases like Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) and Gray leaf spot (GLS). The infestation of stem borer is minimum (Annex 32). Arun-1 EV is highly lodging resistant. Local varieties are highly lodging prone. Thus, Arun-1 EV addresses the real need of the farmers.

Pool-17 E Since Pool-17 E variety is short in plant height and strong stem, there is no lodging problem in this variety. Pool-17 E variety escape drought stress during the flowering time because of early in flowering.

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It is moderately resistant to major maize diseases like Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB) and Gray leaf spot (GLS).

Since Arun-4, Arun-3 (Arun-1EV) and Pool-17 E are early in maturity these varieties fit in rice-wheat-maize cropping system and vegetables can be grown after harvesting them. Releasing these varieties creates a better opportunity for commercialization in maize seed production in private sector and could benefit the farmers, seed growers and others, who are involved in seed production and distribution chains. Finally, the release of these varieties will provide varietal choices to the farmers and contribute to the food security in the mid hills and terai of Nepal.

8. Seed supply situation NMRP has been maintaining numbers of inbred lines and many released and prereleased maize varieties since many years. Although the available seed of these inbred lines and hybrids are not sufficient for selling in the market but it can provide sufficient amount of source seed for seed multiplication purpose as demanded by the interested stakeholders. Table 6: Seed supply situation of inbred lines and hybrids at NMRP, Rampur SN Category of seed Amount available (kg) Where Person available handling 1 Arun-4 Breeder 9 NMRP, B Bhandari Rampur Foundation 20 2 Arun-1 EV Breeder 6 NMRP, B Bhandari Rampur Foundation 30 3 Pool-17 E Breeder 7 NMRP, B Bhandari Foundation 25 Rampur Maintenance of Variety NMRP will take the responsibility of maintaining, improving and breeder seed production of Arun-4, Arun-1 EV and Pool-17 E 9. Acknowledgements The present work is an outcome of a team and collaborative work in varietal development, which is a part of regular research activities of National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur. We are deeply indebted to the NMRP staffs and collaborators, farmers and others who are directly or indirectly involved in the development and evaluation phases of these varieties Pattern of stability for grain yield: Yield stability is the ability of a genotype to avoid substantial fluctuations in yield over a range of environments. Varieties with high and stable performance are desirable. So stability analysis was performed using regression method;

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Table 7: Stability pattern of early maize varieties under CFFT early sets at different seven locations (Dailekh, Kaski, Dhankuta, Nawalparasi, Chitwan, Makawanpur and Tanahun) and in different four years (2005, 2006, 2009 and 2010) Genotype s Grain yield (kg ha-1) MeanSE Range of M grain yield 3572211 4201287 4289 275 4294282 3941330 4059.4 2511-4776 2395-5904 2342-6050 2407-5942 1964-5838 Regression Coefficient (b) Coefficient of Determin ation (R2) % 75.3 85.3 86.5 86.8 91.3 Standard Error of b (SEb) 0.1244 0.1304 0.12 0.1212 0.1155 Yield advantage over Farmers variety -10.3 6.2 8.1 8.2

Pool-17 E Arun-1 EV Arun-4 Arun-2 Farmers variety Grand Mean

0.72** 1.04** 1.01** 1.03** 1.24**

The varieties having regression coefficient (b) nearly equal to 1 was considered stable for all environments. The b values significantly less than 1, indicating the constant expression of the traits under the range of environments and better adaptation to poor environments. The b values more than 1, which indicates their responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions and specific adaptation to favorable ones. Therefore, Arun-4 and Arun-1 EV are stable varieties for all environments (both mid hills and terai) hence their regression coefficients (b) are nearly equal to 1 and these varieties are most suitable for these regions because their grain yields are above the average yields. The standard error of mean and range of grain yield of Pool-17 E are smallest among the tested varieties. And its regression coefficient (b) less than 1 and grain yield is below the average yield, so this variety is stable under wide range of environments and best alternative of Arun-4 and Arun-1 EV.

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Variety mean grain yield (kg/ha)

Trial mean yield (kg/ha)

Figure 17: Stability (joint regression analysis) of Arun-1 EV, Arun-4 and Pool-17 E over Farmers variety and check variety (Arun-2) from coordinated farmers field trial( CFFT) cut data (n=11) in 2005, 2006, 2009 and 2010 from Kaski (2), Dhankuta (3), Dailekh (1), Nawalparasi (3), Chitwan (3), Makawanpur (1) and Tanahun (1) districts of Nepal

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10. References ARS, Dailekh. 2011. Annual Progress Report 2010/11, Agricultural Research Station, Kimugaun, Dailekh NMRP 2004. Annual Report 2003/04. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2005. Annual Report 2004/05. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP .2006 Annual Report 2005/06. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2008. Annual Report 2007/08. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2010. Annual Report 2009/10. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2010. Annual Report 2009/10. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal Pandey MP, RP pandey and D Sharma.2002. Farmers assessment of improved maize varieties in the hills of western Nepal. In: NP Rajbhandari, JK Ransom, K Adhikari and AFE Palmer (eds) 2002. Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal: Proceedings of a maize Symposium held , December 3-5, 2001, Kathmandu, Nepal:NARC and CIMMYT.pp105-107 RARS, Lumle. 2011. Annual Report. 2010/11. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lumle, Kaski, Nepal Sah SN, RB Katuwal, RK Mahato, D Sharma, SR Upadhyay and A Jha.2007. Varietal Research on Early Maize, Normal and Quality Protein Maize (QPM) for the Eastern Mid Hills of Nepal. Pp.185-191. Gurung DB, DC Paudel, G K.C., SR Upadhyay and BB Pokhrel (eds). Proceedings of the 25th National Summer Crops Workshop on Maize Research and Production in Nepal held June 21-23, 2007 Kathmandu, Nepal.National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.

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Proposed by

Signature:

Name: Dr. Keshab Babu Koirala Main proposing organization: National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur Designation: National Maize Coordinator/Senior Scientist S4 Corresponding address: National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan Tel. +977-56-591001 Fax: +977-56-592548 Mobile: +9779851140616 Email: nmrp2012@gmail.com Website if applicable:

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Annexes
Annex 1: Mean grain yield, of early maize genotypes CFFT, 2006 SN 1 2 3 4 5 Genotypes Arun-1 EV Arun-4 Pool-17 E Arun-2 Farmers variety Grand Mean F-test CV% LSD (0.05) Grain yield (t/ha) Rajahar 4.37 4.84 3.94 4.47 5.40 4.61 * 17.19 0.953 Sukranagar 4.14 4.82 3.70 4.22 4.00 4.171 * 12.29 0.617

Notes: CV = Coefficient of variation, F-test=Fishers test, LSD = Least significant difference of means, *= significant (Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 2: Grain yield and other traits of Maize CFFT Early maize at OR sites Shukranagar, Rajahar & Manahari in 2010 summer Shukranagar Rajahar Manahari Genotypes No. GY No. of No. of of Kg/ha Plants Ears Ears /ha /ha /ha Pool-17 E 45667 47333 4594 42667 41333 2704 46000 43333 Arun-1 EV 49000 51167 5904 41333 42000 2562 44000 42667 Arun-4 48167 49667 6050 41333 40000 3413 50000 48000 Arun-2 47333 46167 5942 44000 42667 3282 44667 44000 Farmers variety 42667 44333 5838 44000 44000 1964 46000 43333 Grand mean 46567 47733 5660 42667 42000 2797 46133 44267 F-test * ** * ns ns * * ns CV % 5.95 4.78 11.71 8.84 8.92 9.07 3.42 5.83 LSD (0.05) 4270 3517 1023 10470 10404 704 4380 7168 (Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) No. of Plants /ha No. of of ears /ha GY kg/ha No. of Plants /ha GY kg/ha

3723 4046 5291 4423 4428 4382 * 7.8 949

Annex 3 : Summary of mean grain yield and agronomic traits of early and extra early maize genotypes in CVTE at NMRP Rampur, 2003 winter. E. Genotypes Flowering Height (cm) Plants Ear Plant Ear Husk Grain N. days /ha /ha Asp. Asp. cov Yield (000) (000) (1-5) (1-5) (1-5) (t/ha) Male Female Plant Ear 1 S97TEYGHAYB (2) 55 58 193 97 52.00 47.56 1.3 2.17 2.0 4.81 2 Arun-1 EV 54 56 217 115 54.67 46.67 2.3 1.83 2.0 3.92 3 Pool-27 51 53 203 108 57.78 43.56 2.0 2.0 1.5 4.52 4 Zm-301 52 58 148 80 44.90 40.44 2.7 2.3 2.2 3.24 5 S97TEYGHAYB (3) 60 64 195 105 55.56 47.11 1.5 1.67 1.67 4.25 6 Pool-16 50 52 180 78 50.67 45.33 2.3 2.83 2.0 3.48 7 PL15QC7SRC-F2 56 59 207 92 54.67 49.78 1.8 2.50 1.83 4.43 8 Z97EWB-F2 52 55 200 102 46.22 47.11 2.3 2.33 1.67 3.62 9 Arun-4 52 54 198 97 46.22 47.11 2.5 2.0 2.0 3.86 10 Arun-2 (Std. Check) 51 54 225 118 56.44 53.33 2.3 2.33 2.0 4.94 11 Farmers Variety 60 64 225 130 52.89 46.22 1.8 1.67 1.17 4.99 Mean 54 56 199 102 52 47 2.09 2.15 1.82 4.18 F test ** ** ** ** ** ns * CV % 3.9 4.87 8.56 13.3 7.27 11.42 14.86 LSD (0.05) 3.59 4.68 29.03 23.2 6.44 9.09 1.06 (Source: NMRP 2004. Annual Report 2003/04. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

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Annex 4: Mean grain yield and agronomic traits of early and extra early maize genotypes in CFFTE pooled over locations (LAC, PAC, Dailekh), 2003 Summer. S.N. Genotypes Flowering days Height (cm) Plants/ha (000) Ear/ha Grain Yield (000) (t/ha) Male Female Plant Ear 1 Pool-15 E 49 53 186 83 34 33 2.65 C 2 Pool-17 E E 51 55 204 83 41 39 3.60 BC 3 Pool-16 53 58 213 138 44 41 4.30 AB 4 Arun-4 52 56 228 111 46 45 4.99 A 5 Arun-2 (Std. Check) 52 56 227 116 44 42 4.85 AB 6 Farmers Variety 55 59 250 144 44 42 4.10 AB Grand mean 52 F-test * CV % 3.79 LSD (0.05) 3.58 (Source: NMRP 2004. Annual Report 2003/04. 56 218 113 42 40 4.10 * * ns ns ns * 3.58 10.04 26.43 13.55 13.62 17.05 3.66 39.84 1.26 National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 5: Performance of early maize genotypes in CFFTE, pooled over hills locations (Pakhribas, Dailekh, Lumle, Kabre),2003 summer Genotypes Days to 50% Flowering Plant ht. Ear ht. Plant/ha ears/ha Grain Yield (cm) (cm) (000) (000) (t/ha) Male Female Pool-16 Pool-17 E Arun-4 Arun-2 (std.chk) Farmers Local Grand mean F-test CV % 55 51 53 55 58 56 ** 6.09 59 54 56 58 61 58 ns 6.18 272.61 200.07 208.45 209.6 244.45 227.03 ns 61 94.43 86.07 111.16 162.77 132.85 117.45 ns 72.3 49.26 48.81 48.81 49.26 48.07 48.84 ns 7.04 48.52 49.33 49.63 48.59 47.33 48.68 ns 8.54 4.76 4.47 5.01 5.31 4.47 4.8 ** 14.85

LSD (0.05) 2.41 2.6 101.29 62.11 2.51 3.05 0.52 (Source: NMRP 2005. Annual Report 2004/05. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 6: Grain yield and attributes of early maize genotypes in CVTE at Rampur, 2006 summer Days to 50% Pl Ear Pl. Ear Husk Grain Genotypes ht ht. asp asp cover yield Male Fem. (cm) (cm) (1-5) (1-5) (1-5) (kg/ha) POP-445C1 46 50 128 70 2.3 2.8 1.8 2250 e POP-446C1 44 49 132 53 2.7 2.3 1.5 3250 abcd S97TEYGHAYB(3) 43 49 122 50 2.3 2.2 3.7 2340 de POOL-16SR ZAMBIA 50 55 160 80 2.3 1.8 2.5 2560 cde Z97EWBF2 53 57 153 65 2.5 2.5 1.8 3530 ab Pool-17 E*Local 45 49 150 65 3.0 2.0 2.3 2700 bcde Early Mid Katumani 55 56 160 72 2.2 2.7 2.3 2790 bcde Arun-1EV 53 58 165 68 2.5 1.8 2.0 3440 abc Arun-4 50 54 190 100 2.2 1.8 1.7 4030 a Arun-1 (std chk) 46 51 182 88 2.2 2.3 1.5 3340 abc Arun-2 (std chk) 47 52 192 85 2.0 2.2 1.7 3160 abcde Farmers Variety 51 54 178 83 2.7 2.2 1.5 3030 bcde Grand Mean 49 53 159 74 2.4 2.22 2.0 3030 F-test ** ** ** * ** CV% 1.47 3.94 12.92 21.7 15.97 LSD (0.05) 1.2 3.51 34.86 27 820 Notes: CV = Coefficient of variation, F-test=Fishers test, LSD = Least significant difference of means, ** = significance level ( P <0.01) , * = significance level ( P <0.05) and NS = non-significant. (Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 7: Grain yield & yield components of early & extra early maize genotypes in CFFTE, 2006 summer (pooled over Dailekh, Pakhribas, khumaltar) Days to 50% Pl Ear Plant. Ear Plants Ears Grain Genotypes flowering ht. ht asp asp /ha. /ha yield (cm) (cm) (1-5) (1-5) (000) (000) (kg/ha) Male Female Pool-15E 48 51 189.7 91.18 3 2.8 48.7 47.5 3670b Pool-17 EE 50 53 193.9 91.36 2.8 2.8 44.5 47.8 4180ab Arun-1EV 52 55 218.1 114.62 2.1 2.1 49.2 48.9 4930a

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Arun-4 Arun-1(std. Chk) Arun-2(Std.Chk) Farmers Local Grand Mean F test CV% LSD (0.05) 51 53 54 57 52 ** 6.73 3.14 55 56 56 59 55 ** 6.56 3.25 205.7 230.1 220.6 256.3 216.3 ** 9.15 17.7 106.9 115.94 116.04 148.72 112.12 ** 15.66 15.75 2.2 2.3 1.2 2.3 2.25 2.2 2.1 1 2.5 2.23 50 47.9 53.7 47.7 48.8 ns 12.57 5.5 51.4 49.4 54.3 50.2 49.93 ns 13.29 5.95 4780a 4790a 4770a 4590a 4.52 ** 17.09 690

(Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 8: Performance of early maize genotypes FFT Shukranagar-2007 SN Genotypes No of plants/ha No of ears/ha Grain yield (in 000') (in 000) kg/ha 1 Pool-17 E 45778 50667 2987.72 2 Arun-1EV 44000 41778 3638.67 3 Z97EWBF2 43556 47111 3765.42 4 Early Mid-Katumani 45778 48889 3433.92 5 Arun-1 40444 40000 2953.73 6 Farmer's variety 47111 44889 3997.03 Grand mean 44444 45556 3462.749 F-test ns ns ns CV% 9.81 11.12 13.88 LSD (0.05) 7935 9215 874.44 (Source: NMRP 2008. Annual Report 2007/08. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 9: Performance of early maize genotypes FFT Rajahar-2007 SN Genotypes No of plants/ha (in 000') No of ears/ha (in 000) Grain yield (kg/ha) 1 Pool-17 E 45333 43556 3037.44 2 Arun-1EV 48444 39111 3201.97 3 Z97EWBF2 50222 45333 3699.46 4 Early Mid-Katumani 46222 38667 2506.09 5 Arun-1 45778 40444 2733.21 6 Farmer's variety 36444 34667 2344.47 Grand mean 45407 40296 2920.44 F-test * NS NS CV% 9.56 12.48 17.22 LSD (0.05) 7893 9148 914.72 (Source: NMRP 2008. Annual Report 2007/08. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 10: CFFT Maize (early set) summer, Manahari 2007 SN Genotypes Plant height (cm) Ear height (cm) Plant/ha Yield (t/ha) (No.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pool-17 E Arun-1EV Z97EWBF2 Early mid katumani Arun-1 Farmer's variety 172 186 180 182 183 204 ** 184.63 2.75 78 84 89 88 94 107 ** 90.1 4.64 45066.67 42666.67 44266.67 42400.00 44266.67 44533.33 3.55 3.71 3.59 3.63 3.90 3.50 ns 3.649 10.68 0.469

F-test Grand Mean CV% LSD (0.05) (Source: NMRP 2008. Annual Report 2007/08.

ns 43867 4.77 2519 National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 11: Adjusted grain yield & its attributes in to early maize genotypes in CVTE at ARS Doti, 2006 summer Pl Ear Pl Ear Plant Grain Tasseling Silking Genotypes ht ht asp asp /ha yield (50%) (50%) (cm) (cm) (1-5) (1-5) (000) (kg/ha) POP-445C1 POP-446C1 53 51 57 55 215 205 90 93 2 3 3 3 53.33 52.59 5170 5490

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S07TEYGHAYB(3) POOL-16 SRZAMBIA Z97EWBF2 Pool-17 E x Local Early Mid Katamani Arun-1EV Arun-4 50 54 55 53 54 52 51 54 59 61 56 59 58 56 169 223 215 206 249 231 247 69 105 107 93 132 110 111 3 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 46.67 57.78 45.19 33.33 58.52 56.3 45.93 4990 6280 6360 5540 6460 5150 5630 5990 5840 3370 55.21 * 15.28 1544

Arun-1(Std. Chk.) 52 57 253 132 2 2 50.37 Arun-2(Std. Chk.) 53 58 257 128 2 2 58.52 Farmers Variety (Local 42 49 197 102 3 3 39.26 Chk.) Grand Mean 52 57 222 106 2.33 2.53 49.82 F-Test ** ** ** ** ns ** ** CV % 2.87 2.45 8.34 16.3 20 12.73 14.77 LSD (0.05) 2.51 2.36 31 29.27 0.55 12.46 (Source: NMRP 2007 Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 12: Response of early maize varieties to different plant population in winter season 2006/007 Days to 50% Plant Leaf Barren Grain Lodging Plant Cobs Yield SN Treatments height /plant plant yield 2 2 Tasseling Silking pl/m2 /m /m (kg/ha) 2 (cm) (no.) /m (kg/ha) A Maize Variety 1 Arun-4 43.1 51 2.9 180.0 8.25 6.61 6.25 0.37 4793 3200 2 Arun-1 EV 44.0 51 3.4 189.0 8.23 6.48 6.16 0.34 4860 3400 3 Pool 17 40.4 46 0.9 153.9 7.44 6.86 6.43 0.42 4041 2450 B Plant Spacing 1 75 x 25 cm 42.4 49.5 1.7 181.5 8.0 5.21 4.96 0.28 4145 2550 2 75 x 20 cm 42.6 49.4 2.2 171.5 7.9 6.34 4.89 0.44 4563 2950 3 75 x 16 cm 42.5 49.2 2.9 170.2 7.9 7.6 7.11 0.48 4513 3410 4 60 x 20 cm 42.3 49.2 2.8 173.9 8.0 7.45 7.16 0.31 5038 3180 CV% 0.99 0.58 45.3 5.3 5.1 5.62 6.9 55.1 10.58 13.59 LSD (0.05) A 0.68 0.44 1.00 14.70 ns ns ns ns ns 600 B ns ns ns ns ns 0.35 0.43 ns 478.3 0.41 AB ns 0.49 ns ns ns ns ns ns 828.5 ns (Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 13: The mean performance of 7 maize varieties to processing methods Grit % Grit : Flour Bran SN Treatment Very Flour Coar. Med. Fine Total % % Coar. Ratio A. Grinding Method 1. Power mill grinding 0 5.6 7.1 48.3 61.1 31.7 7.2 2.0:1 Hand Stone (Janto) 2. 11.1 22.9 12.1 32.7 78.8 15.2 6.7 5.5:1 Grinding B. Varieties 1. Manakamana-1 4.5 14.8 9.7 40.6 69.6 23.3 6.8 3.9:1 2. Manakamana-3 4.6 14.2 10.2 40.3 69.3 23.6 7.0 3.6:1 3. Rampur Composite 7.6 14.8 8.6 41.1 72.1 21.2 6.8 4.4:1 4. Arun 4 5.8 14.7 9.2 39.1 68.8 24.5 6.6 3.6:1 5. Upahar 7.8 15.1 10.0 38.4 71.3 25.3 7.6 3.3:1 6. Pop 45 C 10 3.8 12.7 9.6 43.2 69.3 21.6 7.1 4.2:1 7. Arun 1-EV 4.7 13.5 10.1 40.7 69.0 24.5 6.5 3.1:1 CV % 7.2 20.1 15.2 33.0 LSD (0.05) A 3.2 2.99 ns 0.78 B ns ns ns ns A B ns ns ns ns (Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

HI

0.60 0.58 0.62 0.62 0.67 0.57 0.61 4.01 ns 0.024 ns

Hardness to work (15)

2 2 4 3 5 3 1

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Annex 14: The mean performance of different maize varieties used to popping quality in earthen pot Varieties Popped grain % Volume increased (by times) Manakamana 1 49.2 3.78 Manakamana 3 Rampur Composite Arun 4 Upahar Population 45 C 10 Arun 1-EV Pop Corn Grand Mean CV % LSD (0.05) 39.2 29.1 21.3 22.2 8.6 13.6 82.6 33.2 12.4 7.2 3.23 2.56 2.16 2.29 1.78 1.91 12.15 -

(Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 15: Result of CFFT early set tested at Pakhribas during 2009 Summer season Height in cm Disease scoring (1-5) GY SN Genotypes kg/ha Plant Ear GLS TLB 1 Pool-17 E 4776 179 133 1 2 2 Arun-1EV 4714 192 138 1.1 2.3 3 Arun-4 4275 183 129 1.1 2.5 4 Arun-2 5114 196 140 1 2.1 5 Farmer's local 4461 206 145 1.3 2.6 Grand mean 4668 191 137 1.1 2.3 ns ns ns F-test ns **

Aspect (1-5) HC (1-5) Plant Ear 2 2 2 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.1 2.4 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.9 * ns * CV% 13.7 2.9 7.6 19 14.5 19.7 24.7 15.8 LSD (0.05) 983 8.6 16 0.32 0.51 0.53 0.71 0.46 (Source: NMRP 2010. Annual Report 2009/10. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 16: Performance of early CVT set combined over DaiIekh, Lumle and Pakhribas, 2005 summer. EN Genotypes Days to 50% Plant ht Ear ht Plant/ha Ears/ha Grain Yield Tass. Silk cm. cm. (000) (000) (t/ha) 1 Pop-445c1 58 62 165 69 49.38 48.40 4.04 a-d 2 Pop-446c1 58 61 161 77 53.46 51.48 3.58 cd 3 S97TEYGH"AYB"(3) 59 61 154 75 52.10 51.11 3.27 d 4 POOL-16 SR zambia 60 64 167 88 39.88 41.36 3.93 a-d 5 Z97 EWBF2 60 63 178 93 51.60 50.62 4.67 ab 6 RAMS03E02 67 71 180 91 48.89 46.42 4.77 a 7 Early Mid Katumani 60 64 187 105 53.58 51.11 4.23 a-d 8 Arun-1EV 60 63 187 103 53.70 50.86 4.88 a 9 Arun-4 59 62 190 92 48.02 47.28 4.07 a-d 10 Arun-1 (std. chk.) 60 64 186 101 54.44 51.36 4.31 a-c 11 Arun 2 (std. chk.) 59 62 184 100 53.09 50.25 4.31 a-c 12 Farmers Variety 62 66 209 118 53.46 45.68 3.64 b-d GM 60.14 63.53 180 92.8 50.97 48.83 4.4 F-test (G) ** ** ** ** ** NS ** ( E) ** ** NS NS * ** NS (G x E) ** ** ** ** NS NS NS CV% 4.43 4.66 10.43 14.94 15.09 16.79 22.39 SE (G) 0.8 0.99 6.22 4.62 2.56 2.73 0.315 (E) 0.989 1.1 8.98 6.87 2.24 2.65 0.83 (G x E) 1.54 1.71 10.78 8.01 4.44 4.73 0.541 (Source: NMRP .2006 Annual Report 2005/06. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 17: Mean Grain Yield and Silking in CFFTE Across Location, 2005, Summer

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S N 1 2 3 4 5 6 Genotypes Pool-16 Pool-17 E Arun-1 EV Arun-4 Arun-2 (std chk.) Farmers Variety GM F-test CV% LSD (0.05) Dailekh 54 48 55 56 54 50 53 ns 8.56 Days to 50 Silking Lumle Pakh. 66 57 62 51 67 53 64 55 66 64 64 * 2.94 2.85 56 62 56 ** 1.11 0.82 Mean 59 53 58 59 59 59 58 Dailekh 3.84 4.50 5.19 4.54 4.95 4.73 4.58 * 14.5 0.87 Grain Yield t/ha Lumle Pakh. 3.67 2.69 2.81 3.97 3.59 5.40 3.71 4.63 3.18 3.77 3.29 ns 20.22 5.66 4.31 4.44 ** 13.9 0.814 Mean 3.55 3.78 4.79 4.28 4.72 4.25 4.19

(Source: NMRP 2006. Annual Report 2005/06. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 18: Performance of CFFT-E05 combined over Dailekh, Lumle, and Pakhribas, 2005 summer. E N 1 2 3 4 5 6 Genotypes Days to 50% Tass. Silk Pl ht cm E ht cm Pl/ha (000) E/ha (000) H cov (1-5) P asp (1-5) E asp (1-5) tur (1-5) Grain Yield (t/ha) 3.55 d 3.78 cd 4.79 a 4.28 ab 4.72 ab 4.25 bc 4.19 ** ** ** 14.85 0.18 .243 .32

Pool-16 56 59 186.0 85.9 41.48 31.30 2.0 1.6 2.1 1.0 Pool-17 E 52 53 171.4 76.3 45.83 40.12 2.8 1.5 2.1 1.1 Arun-1EV 56 58 202.0 114.2 48.89 41.11 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.0 Arun-4 55 59 205.3 106.4 49.29 41.05 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 Arun-2 (std chk) 56 59 212.3 114.3 47.13 40.65 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.0 Farmers Variety 56 59 241.7 141.7 47.93 39.88 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.0 (L.chk) GM 55.26 57.93 203.0 106.5 46.76 39.01 1.55 1.69 1.81 1.07 F-test (G) ** ** ** ** ** ** ( E) ** ** ** ** NS ** (G x E) ** ** ** ** ** ** CV% 4.4 5.22 6.05 9.71 10.38 11.41 SE (G) 0.71 0.87 3.55 2.98 1.40 1.29 (E) 1.72 1.73 7.84 5.54 2.31 2.52 (G x E) 1.23 1.51 6.15 5.17 2.43 2.29 (Source: NMRP 2006. Annual Report 2005/06. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 19: Grain yield and yield attributing characteristics of early maize genotypes in CVTE Pakhribas, Lumle), 2006 summer. Plant Ear Plants Days to 50% Genotypes Height Height /ha. Male Female (cm) (cm) (000) POP-445C1 52 54 192.0 95.1 56.17 POP-446C1 53 56 187.8 92.1 55.93 S97TEYGHAYB(3) 54 56 184.9 107.3 57.90 POOL-16 SRZAMBIA 56 58 190.5 100.0 55.43 Z97EWBF2 56 60 204.9 108.8 55.68 Pool-17 E Local 54 56 194.8 107.5 50.86 Early Mid Atumani 56 59 208.5 108.4 56.05 Arun-1EV 56 58 198.6 107.8 52.59 Arun-4 55 58 198.3 103.6 57.53 Arun- 1 (std chk) 56 59 201.5 107.9 53.70 Arun-2 (std chk) 56 59 219.8 111.5 57.53 Famers Variety 56 59 221.8 118.8 53.95 Grand Mean 55 58 200.0 106.0 55.28 F-test Location (L) ** ** ** ** ** Treatment (T) ** ** ns ns * LT ** * ns ns ns

(combined over Dailekh, Ears /ha (000) 58.02 61.98 59.88 55.06 56.42 55.19 52.72 52.84 59.01 52.59 56.79 54.94 56.29 ** * ns Grain yield (kg/ha) 4370 4462 4180 4600 4730 3960 4200 4160 4850 4090 4480 4100 4350 ns ns ns

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CV% SE Location(L) Treatment (T) LT 3.3 0.85 0.61 1.05 3.35 0.88 0.64 1.12 13.87 2.83 9.26 16.03 18.64 3.02 6.57 11.38 7.52 1.6 1.4 2.4 10.67 1.37 2 3.47 21.06 212.78 305.2 528.62

(Source: NMRP 2007. Annual Report 2006/07. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 20: Combined analysis for grain yield and agronomic traits of maize genotypes under heat stress screening trials conducted at three different locations (Rampur, Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer SN Genotypes Days to 50 % ASI Plant Ear Ear Ear Pl. Ear Grain Len. dia. Asp. Asp. Yield tasseling silking (days) height ht. (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (1-5) (1-5) (kg ha-1) 1 RML-7 59 64 4 188 89 11 4 3 4 2719 2 RL-84 56 59 3 166 79 13 3 3 4 3675 3 RL-30-1 57 61 3 165 89 14 4 3 4 2890 4 PUTU-13 61 67 3 139 66 11 3 4 4 2671 5 Pool-17 E 45 47 3 161 70 11 3 3 4 3221 6 Arun-1EV 47 50 3 167 79 13 4 2 3 2943 7 Arun-4 57 62 3 171 75 15 4 2 3 3564 8 Pool -16 51 55 3 165 78 13 4 3 3 2927 9 Narayani 50 52 2 170 86 14 4 2 2 4110 10 Upahar 61 62 5 190 90 14 4 2 2 5228 11 Across-9331 53 56 2 173 90 14 4 2 2 3888 12 S 97 TLYHGA YB 52 54 2 173 77 12 4 2 3 3069 (3) 13 Rampur composite 55 57 3 186 88 13 4 2 3 4086 14 Manakamana-4 56 57 4 182 87 14 4 3 3 5299 15 Arun-2 49 53 1 173 85 13 4 2 3 3409 16 OEHPW 58 61 2 203 97 15 4 2 2 4451 17 P501SRCO/P 502 60 64 3 172 69 13 4 2 3 3419 SRCO 18 BGBY POP 60 65 6 184 93 16 4 2 2 5110 19 S99TYQ-HGB 56 58 1 175 84 13 4 2 2 4194 20 Posilo Makai-1 59 64 4 187 90 15 4 2 2 4636 21 SO 1 SIWQ3 64 66 3 164 67 13 4 3 3 3498 22 S 99 TLYQ-B 61 66 2 177 78 13 4 2 3 3419 23 Rampur SO 3 FO2 56 59 3 190 96 15 4 2 2 4345 24 Rampur SO 3 FO4 56 59 3 169 78 14 4 2 3 3982 25 Rampur SO3 FO6 57 60 4 192 92 14 4 2 2 4069 26 Rampur SO3 FQ-02 62 65 4 183 82 14 4 2 3 3910 27 BLSB SO7 F 10 54 56 5 174 87 14 4 2 2 4104 28 BLSB SO 7 F12 57 60 3 183 89 14 4 2 2 4466 29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 55 58 2 190 87 14 4 1 2 4727 30 TLBRS SO 7 F16 56 60 1 188 102 14 4 1 2 5144 31 R POP-1 55 57 2 191 93 13 4 1 2 4411 32 R POP-2 50 53 2 196 101 13 4 2 3 4453 33 R POP-3 53 56 4 178 93 14 4 2 3 4194 34 R POP-4 51 53 3 191 99 14 4 1 2 4799 35 NML-1/NML-2 56 57 1 187 97 15 4 2 3 4780 36 RML-4/NML-2 64 67 2 166 78 14 4 3 3 3555 37 RML-8/RC 49 51 2 184 86 14 6 3 3 4958 38 Manakamana-3 4 4 58 60 191 98 15 2 2 4206 39 Rampur2 51 53 3 171 76 14 4 3 2 3375 40 Deuti 5 4 57 60 192 98 16 1 3 4185 41 Pop-446 50 53 3 154 62 12 4 3 4 1883 42 Khumal Yellow 51 55 4 177 86 13 4 2 2 4366 43 Gulmi-2 54 56 2 234 122 15 4 2 3 3734 44 Resunga Composite 54 57 4 200 94 14 4 2 2 4631 Grand mean 55 58 3 180 86 14 4 2 3 3971

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CV (%) 5.40 5.70 44.02 9.56 14.05 13.32 20.7 42.86 27.86 28.70 SD 4.39 4.83 1.12 15.29 11.25 1.19 0.40 0.61 0.66 771 LSD (0.05) 3.36 3.74 1.52 20.63 14.33 2.12 0.93 1.06 0.83 1299 F-test Genotypes (G) ** ** ** ** ** ** ns ** ** ** Location (L) ** ** * ns * * ns ns * ** Interaction (G L) ** ** ns NA NA * NA * ** ns ASI: anthesis-silking interval, pl:plant, ht: height, Len.: length,dia: diameter,Asp.:aspect and Gr.:grain, NS=Non significant, NA:Not available, * significant at 1% level and **significant at 5% level. (Source: NMRP 2010. Annual Report 2009/10. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 22: Combined analysis on pest infestation of maize genotypes under heat stress screening trials conducted at three different locations (Rampur, Nepalgunj and Parwanipur) in 2010 summer SN Genotypes Wilt % Stem borer SN Genotypes Wilt % Stem % borer % 1 RML-7 20.17 3.83 26 Rampur SO 3 FQ- 2.33 0.0 02 2 RL-84 6.0 0.00 27 BLSB SO7 F 10 3.17 1.50 3 RL-30-1 1.17 5.0 28 BLSB SO 7 F12 6.0 0.83 4 PUTU-13 11.0 2.17 29 TLBRS SO 7 F 14 2.0 0.0 5 Pool-17 E 12.83 8.33 30 TLBRS SO 7 F 16 7.17 0.0 6 Arun-1EV 6.17 1.67 31 R POP-1 8.33 0.0 7 Arun-4 2.0 3.17 32 R POP-2 9.0 0.0 8 POOl -16 9.0 2.67 33 R POP-3 18.33 1.17 9 Narayani 3.83 0.83 34 R POP-4 8.33 0.83 10 Upahar 1.67 6.83 35 NML-1/NML-2 14.50 2.50 11 Across-9331 2.50 0.0 36 RML-4/NML-2 4.17 8.0 12 S 97 TLYHGA 7.0 1.83 37 RML-8/RC 3.0 0.0 YB (3) 13 RC 8.50 0.0 38 Manakamana-3 7.0 0.0 14 Manakamana-4 1.50 7.17 39 Rampur-2 4.0 2.17 15 Arun-2 6.33 1.17 40 Deuti 4.67 0.0 16 OEHPW 7.0 0.72 41 Pop-446 10.33 0.0 17 P 501SRCO/P 8.83 5.83 42 Khumal Yellow 6.33 0.0 502 SRCO 18 BGBY POP 6.00 0.83 43 Gulmi-2 1.50 2.0 19 S 99 TYQ1.83 2.0 44 Resunga 11.17 0.0 HGB Composite 20 Posilo Makai-1 5.50 4.0 Grand mean 7.11 1.94 21 SO 1 SIWQ-3 11.17 0.0 CV (%) 131.67 266.64 22 S 99 TLYQ-B 19.0 0.83 SD 4.687 2.313 23 Rampur SO 3 6.33 2.33 LSD (0.05) 10.89 5.827 FO2 24 Rampur SO 3 10.83 2.33 F-test Genotypes * ns FO4 (G) 25 Rampur SO 3 5.17 2.67 Location (L) NA ns FO6 Interaction (G L) NA NA NS=Non significant, NA: Not available, * significant at 1% level (Source: NMRP 2010. Annual Report 2009/10. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 24 : Performance of Early Set maize genotypes in CFFT at Pakhribas in 2010 summer SN Genotype Disease scoring(1- 5) Height Flowering 1 2 3 POOL-17 E ARUN-1EV Arun-4 E.tur 1.625 1.625 1.625 H.maydis 2.125 2.25 2.25 plant 182.5 185.8 177 ear 143.3 142.5 140.3 male 54.75 62.25 62.5 female 59 66.75 66.5

Yield (kg ha-1) 2992 3501 3265

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4 5 Arun-2 FARMERS' VARIETY Grand mean CV% LSD(0.05) 1.625 2.625 1.825 14.1 0.3978 2.375 3.125 2.425 12.1 0.4503 186.8 265 199.4 5.7 17.62 147 179.3 150.5 3.6 8.36 60.75 62.5 60.55 1.7 1.622 65 68 65.05 1.4 1.434 4106 3043 3381 19.5 1016.1

F-test ** ** ** ** ** ** NS (Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 25 : Performance of Early Set maize genotypes in CFFT at Chambas in 2010 summer SN Genotype Height Flowering 1 2 3 4 5 POOL-17 E ARUN-1EV Arun-4 Arun-2 FARMERS' VARIETY Grand mean CV % LSD (0.05) plant 175.4 195 215.4 216.6 236 207.7 7.4 20.51 ear 82.4 89 108 100.6 116.4 99.3 15.1 20.09 male 51.6 53.8 55.6 56 60.2 55.44 1.9 1.416 female 53.6 55.8 57.6 58 62.2 57.44 1.8 1.416

Yield (kg ha-1) 2977 4785 5003 4608 4446 4364 9.6 559.3

F-test ** * ** ** ** (Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 26: Maize FFT Early set at OR site Rajahar 2062/063 (2005/06) Treat. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Genotypes Pool-16 Pool-17 E Arun-1 EV Arun-4 Arun-2 Farmers Variety GM F-test CV% LSD (0.05) Plant Ht. Cm 149 146 152 143 138 152 146 ns 11.86 20.65 Ear Ht. Cm 72 59 79 73 68 65 69.11 ns 19.75 16.23 # Plants/ 7.5 m2 20 34 33 30 31 25 28.78 ** 16.5 5.65 # Ears/ 7.5 m2 20 31 30 29 26 25 26.78 ** 17.9 5.7 Grain Yield t/ha 2.374 3.237 4.019 3.572 3.455 2.834 3.248 * 23.3 0.900 % Yield difference over FV -16.23 14.22 41.81 26.04 21.91

(Source: NMRP 2006. Annual Report 2005/06. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 27: The mean performance of early maturing maize varieties for grain yield and other traits in on-farm evaluation trials conducted in Syangya and Palpa, 2001 SN Varieties Days to Days to Plant Ear height No. of No of G rain tasseling silking height (cm) plants/9m2 ears/9m2 yield (cm) (kg/ha) 1 2 3 4 5 Pool-15 Pool-17 E Arun-2 Arun-1 Arun-4 39 47 46 47 47 44 52 52 52 52 179 197 218 219 207 109 114 112 115 125 40 40 41 39 41 40 40 41 40 41 3190 3340 4090 3850 4420

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6 Farmers 48 54 294 154 40 41 3320 Local F-test * * ** ** ns ns ** CV % 8.78 7.74 14.72 17.80 6.23 6.54 8.90 LSD 5.291 5.203 42.542 28.916 3.315 3.486 434.270 (0.05) Source: Pandey MP, RP pandey and D Sharma.2002. Farmers assessment of improved maize varieties in the hills of western Nepal. In: NP Rajbhandari, JK Ransom, K Adhikari and AFE Palmer (eds) 2002. Sustainable Maize Production Systems for Nepal: Proceedings of a maize Symposium held , December 3-5, 2001, Kathmandu, Nepal:NARC and CIMMYT.pp105-107 SN Genotypes Grain yield Tassel ing Silk ing ASI Plant height Ear hei ght 93 96 126 117 127 153 118 <0.01 12 Plant stands/ha No. of ears/ha 57592 54444 55555 55370 55555 54259 55463 >0.05 6.53 Prolifi cacy Days to matu rity 99 99 104 104 105 105 103 <0.01 2.98 Husk cover (1-5) 3.5 2.3 1.5 2.8 1.8 1.5 2.3 0.03 49.95 1.3

1 2 3 4 5 6

Pool 17E Pool 15E Arun-4 Pool 16 Arun-2 Farmers variety Grand mean P-value CV %

4503 B 3676 B 5797 A 5799 A 5748 A 5554 A 5229 <0.01 12.37

56 54 57 57 58 57 56.25 <0.05 4.34

59 57 61 61 63 62 60.5 <0.01 4.08

3 3 4 4 5 5 4

209 207 238 233 236 278 233 <0.01 8.33

50555 48333 51111 52222 52778 53333 51389 >0.05 6.75

1.14 1.13 1.09 1.06 1.05 1.02 1.08

LSD (0.05) 769.3 2.9 2.92 23.1 17 4127 4306 3.6 (Source: Koirala KB, DB Gurung, BB Pokhrel and SR Sharma. Maize varietal research at ARS Dailekh 2000-2001. Pp.221-240. Adhikari K, SR Upadhyay and RK Mahato (eds). Proceedings of the 23 rd National Summer Crops Workshop on Maize Research and Production held July 2-4, 20022, NARC, Khumaltar, Laltpur, Nepal.National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) SN Genotypes Grain yield Tassel ing Silk ing ASI Plant height Ear hei ght 125 124 134 113 121 131 116 126 137 125 <0.01 10.45 Plant stan ds/ha 50277 52222 51666 50833 48611 48889 49166 49722 49991 50154 >0.05 10.29 No. of ears/ha 53055 55833 53611 53056 53889 50556 50278 51389 52778 52716 >0.05 7.65 Prolifi cacy Days to matu rity 102 98 98 104 108 105 104 102 110 103 <0.01 3.24

Husk cover (1-5) 1.8 1.4 1.6 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.4 3.3 2.0 0.03 55.6 1.1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Manakamana-1 Arun-1 Arun-1EV Pop 42 C8 Pop 44C8 Across 9331 Across 8445 F. Local ZM 621 Grand mean P-value CV %

5007 5412 5283 5269 5886 5204 5961 5374 5860 5472 >0.05 15.38

56 53 53 58 59 56 56 54 59 56 <0.01 4.88

60 56 57 62 63 60 59 57 63 60 <0.01 4.4

4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4

231 234 238 225 249 242 23 246 253 239 <0.05 7.03

1.06 1.07 1.04 1.04 1.11 1.03 1.02 1.03 1.06 1.05

LSD (0.05) 843 2.7 2.6 17 13 5171 4038 3.4 (Source: Koirala KB, DB Gurung, BB Pokhrel and SR Sharma. Maize varietal research at ARS Dailekh 2000-2001. Pp.221-240. Adhikari K, SR Upadhyay and RK Mahato (eds). Proceedings of the 23 rd National Summer Crops Workshop on Maize Research and Production held July 2-4, 20022, NARC, Khumaltar, Laltpur, Nepal.National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

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Annex 30: Summary sheet of yield attributing traits recorded in early maize CVT in 2004, 2005 and 2006 at Pakhribas (Dhankuta) SN Varieties Silk (days) Ear height (cm 93 98 93 93 102 107 146 104 ** ** ** 17.5 11.4 30.3 17.6 Plant height (cm) 181.5 198.6 183.5 191.7 198.8 204.1 246.4 200.7 ** ** * 19.11 12.51 33.09 10.0 Root lodging plt/ha 1235 2593 1481 988 741 1235 2469 1534 ns ns ** 1560 1021 2702 107 Shoot lodging plt/ha 3210 1728 864 1358 1975 2716 4321 2310 * ** ** 1901 1244 3292 86 Barren Pl/ha 1975 3457 2963 3086 3827 3580 6914 3686 ** ** ** 2133 1397 3695 60.7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

S97TEYGHAYB (3) Arun-4 Pool-16 SR ZAMBIA Z97EWBF2 Arun-1 EV Arun-2 Local check Grand mean F pr Entry year Entry x year LSD (0.05) Entry year Entry x year CV%

66 68 68 70 70 69 73 69 ** ** ** 1.88 1.23 3.26 2.9

Annex 31: Income from maize and soybean intercropping, winter 2008, NMRP Rampur Soybean yield (kg/ha) 878 725 844 683 809 913 882 760 718 781 620 851 789 ns Maize yield (kg/ha) 7415 5677 6215 6462 5776 6224 4201 8091 7093 6768 7422 7631 6581 * Net income from soybean (NRs/ha) 11353 6752 10307 5497 9261 12399 11458 7797 6542 8425 3614 10516 8660 ns Net income from maize (NRs/ha) 61222 35149 43228 46933 36640 43364 13008 71370 56401 51518 61325 64469 48719 * Total net income (NRs/ha) 72575 41901 53535 52430 45901 55763 24466 79167 62943 59943 64939 74985 53379 * 29395

S.N. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Shitala Arun 2 Arun 4

Treatments

Manakamana 3 Arun 1EV Deuti Pool 17 E Manakamana 4 QHG-AB S99TLYQB Rampur Composite

Across 9944 x Across 9942 Grand mean P-value LSD (0.05)

259 1915 7765 28722 (Source: NMRP 2009. Annual Report 08/09. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal)

Annex 32: Combined data of disease and insect scoring in Arun-1EV, Arun-4 and Pool-17 E over improved variety as check (Arun-2) at Sukranagar, Rajahar and Manahari in 2010 summer Aspects Arun-4 Arun-1EV Pool-17 E Arun-2 1. Disease Turcicum leaf blight (TLB), 1-5 Grey leaf spot (GLS), 1-5 Helminthosporium leaf blight 2.0 1.1 2.25 1.7 1.1 2.25 1.6 1 2.12 1.6 1 2.37

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(HLB), 1-5 Wilt (%) 2 6.17 12.83 6.33 2. Insect Stem borer (%) 3.17 1.67 8.33 1.17 (Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 33: Major identifying characteristics of Arun-4, Arun 1EV and Pool-17 E at NMRP Rampur in 2010 summer Characters Leaf number above cob Leaf number below cob Arun-4 5.33 8.33 Overall mean Arun-1EV 5.00 8.00

Pool-17 E 5.00 5.00

Ear Length, cm 17.6 15.7 16.7 Ear diameter, cm 13 12.4 14.3 No. of kernel rows/ear 12.4 13.7 12.8 No. grain/row 25.6 27.4 25 Shelling, % 80 80 81 Tassel branch number 16.75 18.5 14.6 (Source: NMRP 2011. Annual Report 2010/11. National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal) Annex 34.Performance of different early season maize genotypes tested in CFFT Dailekh, 2011 SN Genotypes Tasseling Silking days Plant height (cm) days 1 2 3 4 5 Pool-17 E Arun-1EV Arun-4 Arun-2 Farmer's Variety

Ear height (cm)

57.33 59.33 233.7 122 59.33 61.33 230.3 120.8 59.33 61.33 239.6 128.8 59.67 61.67 254.7 150.9 67.33 69.33 282.2 156 60.60 62.60 248.1 135.7 Grand mean <0.001 <0.001 0.016 0.002 P-value 1.027 1.027 30.17 17.65 LSD (0.05) 1. 1.1 7.9 8.4 CV% (Source: Annual Progress Report 2010/11, Agricultural Research Station, Kimugaun, Dailekh, Nepal) Annex 35. Performance of genotypes in CFFT early 2010 at Chambas of Tanahun SN Genotypes Tasseling days Silking days Plant height (cm) 1 2 3 4 5 Arun-4 Arun-1EV Arun-2 Farmer's variety Pool-17 E 56 54 56 60 52 55 ** 1.9 1.4 58 56 58 62 54 57 ** 1.8 1.4 215.4 195 216.6 236 175.4 207.7 ** 7.4 20.5

Grain Yield (kg/ha) 4421 5149 4651 4907 4812 4788 0.097 530.9 7.2

Grand mean F-test CV% LSD (0.05) (Source: RARS, Lumle. 2011. Annual Report. 2010/11. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lumle, Kaski, Nepal)

Ear height (cm) 108 89 100.6 116.4 82.4 99.3 ns 15.1 20.1

Grain Yield (kg/ha) 5003 4785 4609 4445 2977 4364 ** 9.6 559.8

Farmers Ranking I III II IV V