Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GRAMMAR
Parts of Speech The different parts of speech are: Nouns Pronouns Adverbs Prepositions Interjections Determiners Types of Verbs The types of verbs are: Main Linking Transitive Auxiliary (or helping) Phrasal Intransitive Modal Adjectives Conjunctions Verbs
Characteristics of Verbs The different characteristics of verbs are defined and explained. These characteristics are: Mood Person Voice Tense and Aspect Components of Sentences The different components of sentences are explained and defined. These components are: Subject Predicate (verb) Objects (direct and indirect) Complements (subject, object, verb, and adjective) Phrases Clauses Subordination and Coordination Functions of Sentences The different functions of sentences are explained and defined. The functions of sentences are: Declarative Imperative Exclamatory Interrogative Types of Sentences The different types of sentences are defined and explained. The different types of sentences are: Simple Compound Complex Compound-complex Phrases The different kinds of phrases and there functions in sentences are defined and explained. The different phrases are: Prepositional Adverbial Noun
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NOUNS
Nouns are a part of speech that represents the name of a person, animal, place, thing, or quality. Classification of Nouns Nouns may be classified as common nouns, proper nouns, abstract nouns, collective nouns, compound nouns, count nouns, non-count nouns, and possessive nouns. A noun can have more than one classification- a noun may be concrete, countable, and common or common, abstract, and non-countable. Common Noun Common nouns are words that represent ordinary things of no particular emphasis. car bottle woman flower Proper Noun Proper nouns are words that represent a specific person, group, event, thing or place. a band The Stones a group The Royal Canadian Mounted Police a person Dr. Livingstone a place Seoul
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A countable noun always takes either the indefinite (a, an) or definite (the) article when it is singular. When plural, it takes the definite article if it refers to a definite, specific group and no article if it is used in a general sense. The guest of honor arrived late. You are welcome as a guest in our home. The guests at your party yesterday made a lot of noise. (specific sense, use definite article) Guests are welcome here anytime. (general sense, use no article) Non-Count Noun Non-count (uncountable) are words that represent things that cannot be counted because they are regarded as wholes which cannot be divided into parts. food mustard weather furniture Abstract nouns are uncountable. Fred carries his umbrella everywhere in anticipation of more bad weather. Thunder always scared me when I was a young child. Some concrete nouns are uncountable (when understood in their undivided sense). The price of gas has risen dramatically over the last thee months. May I borrow some rice? Usually non-count nouns take only the singular form; however, sometimes they may be pluralized when used in a countable sense. The difference between the uncountable and countable meanings of nouns that are used in either sense can be seen in the following. Countable Sense My mother had some difficulties making my sisters dress. (refers to a number of specific problems) The unions contract talks with management will take place early next month. (refers to a number of specfic meetings) The lights on the Christmas tree were bright and colorful. (refers to a number of specific lights) Where are those important papers? Non-count Sense Mr. Morris had little difficulty adjusting to his new job. (refers to the general idea of of a new job being difficult) My professor is not very good at idle talk. (refers to talking in general) Light travels at a speed of 186,000 miles per second.
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Words ending in ity are nouns. possibility probability responsibility complexity hilarity
Words ending in tion/sion are nouns. admission alteration information decision description
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EXERCISES - NOUNS Write a noun in the blank to complete each sentence: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I want to go to __________. The __________ and the __________ are in the car. There is a big __________ in the classroom. __________ likes to sit on the bed. My __________ is in England. I want to buy some __________. You can see __________ in a zoo Hi Elle. Your __________ is very cute.
Fix the mistakes in the sentences below: 1. He a teacher. ________________________________________ 2. Theyre student. ______________________________________ 3. She is my brother. ____________________________________ 4. We are friend. _______________________________________ 5. They are a boy. ______________________________________ 6. Shes is a girl. _______________________________________ 7. Were sisters. ________________________________________ Write many or much in the blanks below: 1. I dont have __________ hair, but I have ______ cars. 2. She has too __________ corn and too __________ cups. 3. I have too _____ homework! And I dont have ______ time to do it! 4. We dont have _______ money, but we have ________ friends! Fix the mistakes in the sentences below: 1. Jane has much dogs and many cat in her house. _______________________________________________ 2. Mark has too many moneys, but not much times.
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_______________________________________________ 3. Bill drank too many milks and too much cake. _______________________________________________ 4. I try to read much books every year. _____________________________________________
Error correction - articles. In the following sentences, look for and correct nouns that are being improperly used with articles, or do not have articles where articles are needed. Also, indicate whether each noun is common or proper by writing C or P over each noun. 1. I went to shopping mall to buy book. 2. When I came home, I turned on television and sat down. 3. New space missions will travel to the Mars. 4. Milky Way is the galaxy Earth is in. 5. We often call it America, but the right name is United States of America. 6. Our cat likes to take nap in the afternoon. 7. From now on, Im going to have newspaper delivered. 8. I used to live near Fraser River, outside Haney, B.C.. 9. Next year, you will attend the Seaquam Secondary School. 10. My parents wanted me to go to the Harvard University, but I think University of British Columbia will be good enough for me. Common and Proper Nouns Determine whether each noun is a common noun or a proper noun. If the noun is common, write common noun on the line. If the noun is proper, re-write the noun on the line using correct capitalization. example: waterfall niagara falls common noun Niagara Falls
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I like pizza. He is very musical. It is an tangerine, not an orange. They came to the party late.
B. Objective pronouns are those that are objects in a sentence. The objective pronouns are: Singular Plural me us you them him you her it
He gave me the money. My mother gave you a watch? My father lent him a hammer. The professor presented her a diploma? I just dont get it. The chef cooked us a chocolate cake for the party. Billy got them the tickets at a discount. I cant give either one of you a passing grade. C. Possessive pronouns are words that indicate ownership. The possessive nouns are: Singular Plural mine ours yours theirs his hers yours its
This wallet is mine. Is that car yours? You should not take that, its his. This skirt is hers. A computer can store vast amounts of information in its memory. The extra tickets are ours. Excuse me; those seats are yours, not these. Theirs are bottles on the shelf. Possessive Adjectives also indicate ownership. When the pronoun immediately precedes the noun they refer to they are called possessive adjectives. The possessive adjectives are: Singular my his her your its
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Possessive Pronoun: That book is mine. Possessive Adjective: That is my book. Will he give me my credit cards? Those are his notebooks. You should not wear her clothes. Is that your hat on the couch? Its tail is long and furry. Do we need to take our passports? The couple scolded their children for being too loud in the restaurant. I dont remember your names. Demonstrative Pronoun Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns such as this, that, these, and those, which by their very use indicate or demonstrate what is being talking about. If a demonstrative pronoun is used in front of a noun, they are called demonstrative adjectives. That is a pencil. This is a pen. These are tangerines. Those are oranges. Reflexive Pronoun Reflexive pronouns indicate that the subject receives the action of the verb. If the reflexive pronoun is omitted, the sentence will not make sense. Note that the following list is the same as the list of intensive pronouns below. The reflexive pronouns are: Singular Plural myself themselves himself ourselves herself yourselves yourself itself
I treated myself to a big piece of chocolate cake. The child was singing softly to himself. Jack poured herself a glass of beer. A new born primate can not survive by itself. Did you hit yourself in the head? My children shouldnt have eaten all the candy, but they couldnt restrain themselves. The librarian said we could help ourselves to any of the books on the table. Help yourselves to anything on the table. A reflexive pronoun which can be removed from the sentence and still make sense grammatically is called an intensive or emphatic pronoun. Cant you do it yourself? The bank president himself called to apologize for the error. Indefinite Pronoun
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Indefinite pronouns are pronouns that refer to non-specific people or things. Some indefinite pronouns refer to nouns not previously mentioned in the sentence. These pronouns include: anybody everyone no one anyone everything nothing anything nobody somebody everybody none someone
something
Has anybody taken my keys? Can anyone come to the party? Can I help you with anything? Everybody should wear a costume to the party. She cant do everything. Somebody should do something. Nobody admitted to breaking the window. None of the students had studied for the test. No one helped the old woman with her packages. Nothing can be done about it. Someone please turn on the fan. Every one of the students flunked because they didnt study. Some indefinite pronouns refer to nouns that are previously mention in the sentence. These pronouns include: all each neither another either one any few some both many several
There are three fish in the tank and all are dead. He had drank three, yet he still drank another. Of all the boys who asked her out, she didnt like any of them. There are two apples on the table and both are rotten. Each of the students have a very high IQ. He indicated he didnt like either of the jobs he was offered. Only a few of the employees drank during the office party. Many of the voters had questions about the new law. Of money and fame, he desired neither. The classrooms all had blackboards, but only one had a computer. Only some of the vehicles in the junkyard actually ran. Several people in the theater were noisy and rude. Interrogative Pronoun Interrogative pronouns introduce questions. The interrogative pronouns include: which what who whom whose whoever whatever whichever
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EXERCISES - PRONOUNS Personal Pronouns Object Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his family. Fill in the correct pronouns. 1. My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) 2. My children like Disney films. The video is for (they) . . .
3. My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he) 4. My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they) 5. I like watches. This nice watch is for (I) . . .
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8. My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she) . 9. Here is another souvenir. I don't know what to do with (it) 10. You know what? - It's for (you) . .
Pronoun Case Exercise 1: I, Me, My, Mine, and Myself Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate choicesI, me, my, mine, or myself. 1. To complete our Egyptian mummy costumes, Lou Ellen and __________ bought a 12 pack of toilet paper. A. I B. me C. myself 2. It was __________ who ate your leftover slices of pepperoni pizza. A. I B. me C. myself 3. Grandma asked my brother and __________ to buy cherry cough drops while we were at the drugstore. A. I B. me C. myself 4. Thats not what happened! It was __________ who shoved straws up my nose and began barking like a walrus! A. I B. me C. myself 5. When I was a child, Grandpa was unhappy with __________ excavating his rose garden in the hopes of finding dinosaur bones.
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ADJECTIVES To determine what part of speech a particular word is it must be looked at in the context of the sentence. Many words may be a different part of speech in different sentences.
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Look at these examples. Mr. Elliot feels well. (Adverb). She is not a well woman. (Adjective) Well! What happened. (Interjection) He dropped his hat into a well. (Noun) Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns by providing more information about the nouns they describe. Adjectives also modify or limit nouns by making it clearer which one or how many are being talked about. Adjectives are usually placed before but can be placed after) the nouns they modify. They can also be placed after the verb. She is hungry. The big red car is beautiful. I want only one large egg. Comparative and Superlative Forms Adjectives have different forms, called comparatives and superlatives.The comparative is used to indicate relative degrees or differences of quality between two objects. Comparatives are formed by either adding -er or -ier to the end of a word. (add -er if the> word ends in a consonant, add -ier if the word ends in a y by changing the y to i and add -er) or by adding more or less before the word. The superlative is used to indicate the highest or lowest degree of quality between objects. Superlatives are formed by adding -est to the end of the word or by adding most or least before the word. The word thealways precedes the superlative form of an adjective. A simple rule to follow when deciding whether to use -er (-ier) or add more/less for comparisons) or -est or most/least (for superlatives) is: If the word is three or more syllables, use more/less or most/least. If the word is two syllables or less use -er (-ier ) or est (iest). Just remember that this simple rule is a guideline only, with many exceptions. Usually, comparatives are learned through becoming familiar with them over time. Adjective old pretty skinny beautiful handsome Comparative older prettier skinnier more beautiful more handsome Superlative the oldest the prettiest the skinniest the most beautiful the most handsome
Some words, which are not usually considered adjectives, become adjectives based on their place in the sentence.
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Nouns as Adjectives I always use paper towels when I clean windows. Teasing a junkyard dog is a bad idea. Numbers as Adjectives I want only one egg. She has four crayons on her desk. Possessive words (possessive adjectives) as adjectives It is my car. Where are your shoes? Demonstrative Adjective Demonstrative pronouns are called demonstrative adjectives if the pronoun is placed immediately before the noun they refer to). I want those pencils. This bicycle is old and rusty. Order of Adjectives Although there are no hard and fast rules about the order of adjectives (if more than one adjective is used to describe it), the following order is generally observed. However, be aware that different sources may have a slightly different order. 1 Number 2 size/length 3 opinion 4 shape/width 5 age 6 color 7 nationality 8 material
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The two small, beautiful, oval, ancient, red, Chinese porcelain vases are priceless.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Three large, ugly, oblong, million year old, brown, North American dinosaur fossils were discovered in Wyoming.
ADVERBS There are eight or nine (or more) parts of speech, depending on what you read. Some authorities list nine parts of speech. Those authorities which list eight consider determiners (articles, quantifiers, etc) as adjectives. This site lists nine parts of speech. To determine what part of speech a particular word is it must be looked at in the context of the sentence. Many words may be a different part of speech in different sentences.
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Look at these examples. Mr. Elliot feels well. (Adverb). She is not a well woman. (Adjective) Well! What happened. (Interjection) He dropped his hat into a well. (Noun) Adverbs Adverbs are modifiers of verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They generally answer questions about when (tonight), where (downtown), how (carefully), in what manner (quickly), to what extent of degree (very), how often (daily), and why (because and other subordinating conjunctions which introduce subordinating clauses that function as adverbs). My mother is cleaning upstairs. (tells where mother is cleaning) I recently purchased a house on the beach. (tells when the house was purchased) He walked quickly out of the room. (tells how he walked) The newly hired employee come highly recommended. (Tells the degree the employee was recommended) Susan seldom eats meat. (Tells how often Susan eats meat) Many students study everyday because they want good grades. (Tells why they study everyday) Some words can have several functions. Look at these examples. Downtown is being revitalized by the city planners to attract more business. (downtown is a noun in this sentence) Please meet me downtown tonight. (downtown is an adverb in this sentence- it tells where to meet) Note that tonight is also an adverb as it tells when to meet. Lets meet in the downtown area. (In this sentence downtown also answers the question where to meet, but it is an adjective modifying the noun area) Interrogative Adverbs are used at the beginning of a sentence to form a question. These adverbs are when, where, and how. These make sense if you revisit the definition of an adverb above. When did you get here? Where are going tonight? How many drinks did you have?
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than yours. than that one. book I have ever read. than smokers. animal in the world? than a holiday in the mountains.
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This flower is (beautiful) This is the (interesting) Non-smokers usually live (long) Which is the (dangerous) A holiday by the sea is (good)
Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Write the correct form of the adjective or adverb in parentheses to complete each sentence. 1. Jana is ____ than her sister, Ann. (pretty) _______________________ 2. Start singing with the ____ voice possible and then get louder with each verse. (soft) _______________________ 3. It is ____ being an adult than being a child. (tough) _______________________ 4. Kenny is ____ than he appears. (strong) _______________________ 5. The Mexican restaurant on the corner offers a full line of chili products ranging from your ____ of tastes to sizzling hot peppers. (mild) _______________________ 6. My younger sister is ____ than my older sister. (big) _______________________ 7. He is just the ____ kid I've ever met. (nice) _______________________ 8. My grandmother is one of the ____ people I have ever known. (sweet) _______________________ 9. We tried to stay ____ to the shallow part of the river. (close) _______________________ 10. The ____ place for you to be during a thunderstorm is inside your home. (safe) _______________________
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Directions: An action verb is underlined in each sentence. Circle the adverb that describes the verb. 1. I carefully glued the last piece onto the model. 2. Francis played on the beach yesterday. 3. I will visit my friend tomorrow. 4. George, will you come here? 5. They swam lazily in the pool. 6. Neil slowly placed a card on the card house. 7. They cheerfully sing songs. 8. Nathan stamped his feet angrily. 9. My father snored loudly on the couch. 10. Sam accidentally slipped on the ice. 11. Yesterday, they played a game. 12. The truck grumbled loudly. 13. We will go to the concert soon. 14. The boy waited patiently for the computer to load. 15. Kayla finally arrived at the park. 16. My mother nicely reminded me to do my homework. 17. The kitten walked there. 18. I usually lock the car door. 19. My dog always barks. 20. Peter neatly wrote a shopping list.
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Comparing with Adjectives and Adverbs Write the correct form of the adjective or adverb in parentheses to complete each sentence. 2 1 4 13 10 9 12 3 11
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Down 1. You can hear black howler monkeys calling with their deep and loud whoops and howls, sounding like jungle beasts much ____ than they are. (large) 2. I couldn't be ____ to have such a wonderful sister. (happiness) 3. The ____ river gorge in North America is Hells Canyon. (deep) 4. New Jersey holds the ____ sources of amber fossils. (rich) 5. Two of the ____ rivers in Europe, the Usk and the Towy, are known for trout and salmon fishing. (clean) 6. Some of San Antonio's ____ destinations lie north of downtown. (good) 7. Damascus is said to be one of the world's ____ continuously liven-in cities, dating back to 5000 B.C. (old)
Across 1. The ____ area of cool temperate rain forest is in northwestern Tasmania. (large) 8. Keeping warm is no sweat for a polar bear; in fact, sometimes its ____ problem is cooling off! (big) 9. I need to buy ____ shoes because these hurt my feet. (wide) 10. The ____ the road, the greater the chance of a blowout. (hot) 11. Census officials have always found it ____ to count some groups than others in the population. (hard) 12. The air is ____ this year than it has been in 25 years. (clean) 13. Confederate forces scored important victories, despite the superior numbers and ____resources of the North. (rich)
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Prepositions of Time to for at before until during in after till while on around by from since
Prepositions of Movement across past off toward along round down into through over out of up under
The book is on the table. (establishes the relationship of the book to the table)
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EXERCISE ON PREPOSITIONS TIME Fill in the correct prepositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Peter is playing tennis My brother's birthday is My birthday is May. the weekend. Sunday. the 5th of November.
1666, a great fire broke out in London. I don't like walking alone in the streets What are you doing the afternoon? two years. seven o'clock. Friday. night.
My friend has been living in Canada I have been waiting for you
Test your knowledge of the prepositions in / at / to / nothing - showing place and movement. Choose either in, at, to, or nothing and click on the arrow to see you have answered correctly. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. He lives She went Piotrek works He went She arrived I'm going to stay Joanna works Why don't we go I'm going to see Hania
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Zielona Gora. home. Gorzw Wlkp. his friend's house. Manchester for the celebrations. home this weekend. the hospital. the movies tonight? France this summer.
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work early this morning. early. the Mieszko Hotel. England last summer. Finland this summer. school later today.
Test you knowledge of the prepositions for / while / during. Choose either for, while or during and click on the arrow to see you have answered correctly. 1. He's been working 2. I fell asleep
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10. They drove through the countryside 11. He was out of work job. 12. I broke my finger
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13. Please, don't interrupt the teacher 14. Magda broke into tears 15. Could you hold on
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he is speaking.
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CONJUNCTIONS There are eight or nine (or more) parts of speech, depending on what you read. Some authorities list nine parts of speech. Those authorities which list eight consider determiners (articles, quantifiers, etc) as adjectives. This site lists nine parts of speech. To determine what part of speech a particular word is it must be looked at in the context of the sentence. Many words may be a different part of speech in different sentences. Look at these examples. Mr. Elliot feels well. (Adverb). She is not a well woman. (Adjective) Well! What happened. (Interjection) He dropped his hat into a well. (Noun) Conjunctions Conjunctions join words or groups of words together. The most commonly recognized conjunctions are: and, or, and but. There are three types of conjunctions- coordinating, subordinating, and correlative. Coordinating Conjunction Coordinating conjunctions (also called coordinators) join two independent clauses. There are seven coordinating conjunctions: An easy way to remember the coordinators is with the mnemonic device FAN BOYS. for and nor but or yet so
Ms. Johnson never missed the weekly Historical Society meeting, for it was her only chance to socialize with her friends. Oscar dove into the lake and swam half way across it. Defendants at trials do not have to testify, nor should they in many cases. Mr. Lee was already extremely tired, but he continued working until well after midnight. The students can take a test or they can write a paper.
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Correlative Conjunction Correlative conjunctions are pairs of coordinating conjunctions that work together to join two similar or contrasting thoughts together. The correlative conjunctions are: both and not only but also either or neither nor
The Democratic Party in America is committed to higher taxes for both big business and the wealthy. Cheetahs are not only fast but also powerful. If a person is attempting to lose weight they should neither eat excessively nor avoid exercise. A popular axiom is You are either with us, or against us.
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EXERCISE CONJUNCTIONS In the following sentences, circle the conjunctions and underline the words they connect. 1. Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water. 2. Did you remember to buy paper and pencils for school? 3. We are having macaroni and cheese for lunch. 4. Do you want to go or stay home? 5. She jumped and tumbled on the trampoline. 6. Do you walk or ride the bus to school? 7. The apple is red and shiny. 8. Grapes are purple or green. 9. The train clattered and rattled on the tracks. 10. We are going to Texas or Florida on vacation. 11. It is raining cats and dogs. 12. Children swing or slide at the playground 9.1) Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when. 1 Things were different _____ I was young. 2 I do it _____ I like it. 3 Let us wait here _____ the rain stops. 4 You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law degree. 5 That was years _____ years ago. 6 She has not called _____ she left last week. 7 I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago. 8 This is an expensive _____ very useful book. 9 We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest. 10 He was angry _____ he heard when happened. 11 Walk quickly _____ you will be late. 12 He had to retire _____ of ill health. 13 We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's raining.
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Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions. 1. He is not . clever as his brother. 2. He must be punished . he is guilty. 3. A fool his money are soon parted. 4. He was not punished .. he was guilty. 5. He worked hard he might pass the examination. 6. Give every man thy ear, few thy voice. 7. I waited for him the clock struck seven. 8. You will not get the prize you deserve it. 9. It has been a year I saw him. 10. Hardly had he reached the platform .. the train arrived. 11. No sooner did he see the tiger . he fainted.
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1. Daniel will choose a baseball bat. _____________________________ 2. He steps up to the plate. _____________________________ 3. The pitcher tossed the ball. _____________________________ 4. Daniel will swing hard. _____________________________ 5. The ball struck the bat. _____________________________ 6. The ball flies through the air. _____________________________ 7. It landed over the fence. _____________________________ 8. Daniel will run around the bases. _____________________________ 9. The crowd screams loudly. _____________________________ 10. He will slide into home plate. _____________________________ 11. Daniel's teammates cheered. _____________________________ 12. Daniel smiled proudly. _____________________________
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1. When talking about actions or situations in the past without saying exactly when they happened. Ive been to Germany 3 times. 2. When talking about the present result of past actions or situations. His songs have made him a superstar. 3. When talking about actions or situations that started in the past and continue in the present. They have lived in the same house for 30 years. 4. When talking about past events, actions, or situations that are still part of ones experience. We have traveled to Europe on several occasions. Practice Working in pairs, ask each other the following questions, answering in the present perfect tense. Each partner should ask and answer each question. Be sure to use complete sentences in your answers. For additional practice, change the words in parenthesis to make your own questions. How many times has your (family moved to a different city)? What kind of (sports have you participated in)? How many (ice cream cones have you eaten) this week? Have you ever eaten (a peanut butter and pickle sandwich)? How long have (you studied English)? Has anyone in your country ever (won a Gold medal in the Olympics? Have you ever (traveled to Vietnam)? Have you ever (volunteered your time to a worthy cause)? Do you know anyone that has (climbed the Alps)? Have you ever met anyone that has (hunted wild pigs)? Have you ever met anyone that has (sailed across the Atlantic Ocean)? Has you mother ever (cut your hair)? Have any of your friends ever (stolen anything from you)? Past Perfect Tense The past perfect is formed by using: had + past participle. Use the past perfect: 1. When talking about the completion of one activity in the past before the completion of another activity in the past. John had just finished waxing his car when it started to rain. Practice
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Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in simple present perfect tense. Then, indicate whether the past participle is regular or irregular. Example: Ida (look) has looked all morning for her glasses. She still cant find them. (regular / irregular) Example: The wind (blow) has blown our patio furniture away. Lets go get it. (regular / irregular) 1) Charity (break) _______ ________ her leg on the ski slope. Please dial 911. (regular / irregular) 2) The city (allow) _______ ________ residents to shoot off fireworks each year on the Fourth of July. (regular / irregular) 3) The lake (freeze) _______ ________ solid. Now we can go skating. (regular / irregular) 4) The sun (rise) _______ ________. Its time to get up. (regular / irregular) 5) The army (battle) _______ ________ the enemy for two weeks. The soldiers are exhausted. (regular / irregular) 6) The principal (introduce) _______ _________ the new teacher. She seems very nice. (regular / irregular) 7) Using his telescope, Jeremy (see) _______ _______ other galaxies. He writes them on his blog. (regular / irregular) 8) The judge (listen) _______ _________ to all of the evidence. Now he will make a ruling. (regular / irregular) 9) The strawberries (spoil) _______ ________. They should have been kept in the refrigerator. (regular / irregular) 10) The doctor (write) _______ ________ a book about disease prevention. It will be published soon. (regular / irregular)
Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in present perfect progressive tense. Note: The present perfect progressive tense expresses the idea that something has happened continuously since some time in the past, and is still happening now. Example: I / You / We / They (work) have been working for two hours. Example: He / She / It (work) has been working for two hours. 1) I (write) _______ _______ _________ my new book for ten months. Writing it has been taken a lot of hard work and research. Thankfully, it is almost finished. 2) The runners (race) _______ _______ _________ since 9:00 in the morning. Now it is 3:00 p.m., and the leaders are about to cross the finish line. 3) The weather has been dreary all week. It (rain) _______ _______ _________ since Monday. Hopefully, we will have some sunshine this weekend.
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When Abby (be) _______(1) seven years old, she (do, not, like) _______ _______ _______(2) piano lessons. She (do, not, like) _______ _______ ________(3) to practice, and sometimes she even (cry) _______(4) when it (be) _______(5) time to practice. Finally, she (stop) _______(6) taking lessons. Some of Abby's friends (do, not, quit) _______ _______ _______(7) their lessons. They (continue) _______(8) to play. After much practice, they (learn) _______(9) to play very well. About ten years (pass) _______(10) before Abby (become) _______(11) interested in music or the piano again. After she (graduate) _______ (12) from high school, Abby (decide) _______(13) that she (want) _______(14) to study music in college. She (call) _______(15) the lady who (teach) _______(16) her when she (be) _______(17) a little girl. The lady (say) _______(18) she would teach Abby again. The lady (need) _______(19) someone to help her daughter with homework. Abby (say) _______(20) she would help with homework in exchange for lessons. Because of this, the piano lessons (cost) _______(21) her nothing! She (work) _______(22) very hard to catch up. Now she is making good progress. Soon she will go to college, majoring in music. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in simple present tense or present progressive tense. Today (be) _______(1) the first day at my new school. Right now, it is lunch time, and all of the students (eat) _______ _________(2) their lunches. They (sit) _______ _________(3) around the big table in the cafeteria, (talk) ________(4) in small groups. I (sit) _______ ________(5) alone. I (be) _______(6) pretty nervous. I (hope) _______(7) the other students (not, think) _______ _______ ________(8) I am weird. I (write) _______ ________(9) in my diary right now to look like I (have) _______(10) something important to do. For lunch today, I (have) _______(11) an apple, pretzels, and a tuna fish sandwich. I (hate) _______(12) tuna fish, but my mom (love) ________(13) it. She (say) _______(14) it is good for me. She (pack) ________(15) it for me every day, so I (guess) ________(16) I have to eat it. I (also, have) ________ ________(17) some cookies. At least I (like) ________(18) to eat those. Hey! The girls at the big table (look) _______ ________(19) at me! What (they, want) _______ ________ ________(20)? They (laugh) _______ ________(21) at something. What (they, laugh) _______ ________ _________(22) at? I hope they (not, laugh) _______ _______ _________(23) at me. I (get) _______ ________(24) nervous again. Oh my gosh! One of them (come) ______ _________(25) this way! Stay calm, Rachel. She is not going to hurt you. She is just another girl like you, right? Wait. Now she (hold) _______ _________(26) out her hand to me. Does she (want) ________(27) to be friends? What (she, do) _______ ________ _________(28)? Oh, I know! She (invite) _______ _________(29) me to her table! Maybe I (be, not) _______ _______(30) that weird after all!
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