Chemistry 2007

1-(a) Define the following: (i) Atomic Mass. (ii) Molecular Formula. (iii) Limiting Reactant. (iv) Radioactivity.

(b)

(c) (d)

Diethyl zinc is a chemical used in the library to produce the books from the worms. Its composition is 53% zinc, 38.9% carbon and 8.1% hydrogen; find the empirical formula of the compound. find the mass of KCIO3, required to prepare 3.2 gm of O2. 2 KCIO3(s) 2KCL(s) + 3O2(g) (i) Multiply 4.46 x 1.2 according to multiplication rules, (ii) How many significant figures are there in 0.0821? (iii) What is the mass of 3.01 x 1022 molecules of N2? Determine the value of gass constant R in two different units. Correct the underlined statements and name the gas laws concerned: (i) H2 has the rate of diffusion twice that of O2. (ii) The mass of a gas expands twice if its Temperature is raised from 270C to 540C at the same pressure. Explain Evaporation in liquids and Deformity in solids in term of the Kinetic Molecular Theory. (i) CaCO3 exists in trigonal and orthorhombic forms. This property is called Polymorphism. (ii) As the temperature of a liquid is increased, its viscosity ___________. (Increase / decrease.) (iii) NH4Cl is a / an ________ salt. (Acidic, Basic, Neutral) Write four properties of Cathode Rays along with their experimental proofs. (i) How are positive rays generated in Cathod-Ray tube? (ii) What is the relationship between X-Ray & Atomic No.? Distinguish between & rays. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers: (i) The n + 1 value of 3d orbital is 5. (ii) The electronic configration of. 7N 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py1. The rule violated in this is Hunds Rule. (iii) The ionization energy of 4Be is greater than 3Li. Define Dipole Moment. Why has CO2 zero dipole moment whereas SO2 is polar? Explain the following: (i) The chemical bonding in NHCl. (ii) Polar covalent bond is stronger than the non-polar covalent bond. Explain the shape of ethene on the basis of Electron Pair Repulsion Theory. Give scientific reasons for the following: (i) Water expands when cooled below 40C. (ii) A falling drop of water is spherical. State the First Law of Thermodynamics. Apply the Law at constant pressure.

2-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

3-(a) (b) (c) (d)

4-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

5-(a)

(b) (c)

(d)

600 j of heat was given to a gas at 1.01 x 105 N/m2 pressure. The internal energy was increased by 300 j; find the increase in volume. Calculate heat of formation of ethane at 250C from following: (i) 2C(s) + 3H2(g) C2H6(g) H = ? KJ/mole (ii) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) H = -394 KJ/mole (iii) H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(i) H = -286 KJ/mole (iv) C2 H6(g) + 7/2 O2(g) 2CO2(g) + H2O(i) H = -1560 KJ/mole Balance the equation by ion-electron method: Cr2O72- + ICr3+ + I2 State the Law of Mass Action. Apply the Law on Contact Process to derive its equilibrium expression: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 State Le Chateliess Principle. Apply the Principle on Habers Process in terms of pressure and temperature for the maximum yield of NH3. N2 + 3H2 2NH3 + Heat Define Solubility product (Ksp). Find the Ksp of CaCO3, the solubility of CaCO3 is 0.001 g / dm3 CaCO3 Ca2+ + CO32Write a short note on one of the following: (i) Surface Tension. (ii) Viscosity. Define the following: (i) Molarity. (ii) pH. (iii) Buffer. (iv) Electrode Potential. Write the postulates of the Arrhenius Theory of Ionization. How do temperature and a catalyst affect the activation energy? Write a short note on one of the following: [NO][O2] Rate (i) 0.1M 0.1M 2 x 10-3 M sec-1 (ii) 0.2M 0.1M 8 x 10-3 M sec-1 (iii) 0.1M 0.2M 4 x 10-3 M sec-1 Name any four physical methods to determine the rate of a chemical reaction. Distinguish between the following: (i) Hydration and Hydrolysis. (ii) Rate of Reaction and Rate Constant. Derive the expression for radius of Bohrs atom. The radius of the first orbit of H is 0.5290 A: find the radius of its third orbit. Find the molarity of 0.5 gm of NaOH in 250 cm3 of aqueous solution.

6-(a)

(b)

(c) (d) 7-(a) (b) (c) (d)

8-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Chemistry 2006
1-(a) Define the following: (i) Exponential Notation and Significant Number (ii) Molecular Formula and Empirical Formula.

(b) (c) (d)

(iii) Stoichiometry and Molar Volume. Give the significant values of the following; (i) 685 (ii) 9000 (iii) 0.58 (iv) 0.004 An organic compound contains 67.7% of C and 7.41% of H, and 25.90% of N. the molecular mass of the compound is 108. Determine the emperical and molecular formulae of the compound. 100 grams of KNO3 are heated to redness. What volume of oxygen at 390C and 765 mm pressure will evolve? State the following gas laws and explain in terms of Kinetic Molecular Theory: (i) Boyles Law. (ii) Charles Law. (iii) Daltons Law of Partial Pressure. 3 A 100 cm gas, cylinder filled with chlorine under 160 torr pressure is connected by stop-cock with another cylinder of 400 cm3 filled with nitrogen under pressure of 200 torr. What will be the total pressure when stop cock is opened? Write true or false for the following: (i) Hydrogen bond is a stronger bond than the covalent bond. (ii) CCI4 molecule has zero dipole moment due to its symmetrical structure. Calculate the weight in grams of 3.01 x 1020 molecules of glucose. Describe Enthalpy. Derive the expression of equation H = E + PV Define the heat formation and calculate the heat formation of the following reaction: H _____ = ? 250C 800 J work is done on a system which give 500 J of heat. What is the value of E for the process? Fill in the blanks with the correct answers: (i) The value of ionization potential decrease with the increase in pressure. (ii) The melting and boiling points of ionic compounds are high. (iii) The boiling point of a liquid increase with the increase in pressure. (iv) SO2 molecule planner trigonal geometrical shape. 2C + 3H2 + O C2H5OH State and explain the law of Equilibrium. Derive the expression of Equilibrium Constant (Kc). Give relationship between Kc and Kp. The equilibrium constatn for the reaction N2 + O2 = 2NO at 20000C is 0.1. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of the reactants and product when the initial concentration of N2 and O2 are 10 mole/dm3. Write Ko expression for the following reactions: (i) CaCO3 CaCO + CO2 (ii) N2 + 3H2 2NH3 (iii) BiCl3 + H2O BiOCl + 2 HCl Differentiate between the following with examples: (i) Hydration and Hydrolysis. (ii) Crystalline Solid and Amorphous Solid.

2-(a) (b)

(c)

(d) 5-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

6-(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

7-(a) (b) (c)

(d) 8-(a) (b)

Define the concentration of a solution and describe the various units of concentration. Determine the weight of a soluble required to prepare 5dm3 of 1.2 m NaOH solution. Fill in the blanks of the following with the correct answers: (i) 1 dm3 volume is equal to 1 litre(s). (ii) The difference of potential created between a metal and the solution of its salt is called electrode potential. (iii) The crystal having a = b = c and = = = 900 have cubic crystal system. (iv) The internal resistance in the flow of a liquid is called viscosity. (v) pH + pOH is always equal to 14. Define pH. Calculate pH of 4.6 x 10-3 M solution of HCl. Explain the factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction. for decomposition chloro ethyl carbonate CiOOCH2CH3 CO2 + CH3 . CH2Cl, K = 1.3 x 10-3 S-1 at 2000C, if the initial rate is 3.25 x 10-4 MS-1. Find the initial concentration of ClCOOCH2CH3 Find the Oxidation Number of the following: (i) S in Na2S2O3. (ii) Cl in Mg (ClO4)2 (iii) P in P2O7-4 Balance the equation by Ion-Electron method: (i) MnO4-1 + SO3-2 Mn+2 + SO4-2 (Basic) -2 +3 (ii) Cr2O7 + I2 Cr + IO3 (Acidic)

(c) (d)

Chemistry 2005
1-(a) Define any three of the following: (i) Moel. (ii) Atomice Mass. (iii) Empirical Formula. (iv) Random Error. (v) Limiting Reactant. The molecular mass of a compound is 180 and its empirical formula is CH2O: find the molecular formula. 54 gm os dinitrogen pentaoxide (N2O5) is decomposed on heating as under. 2N2O5(S) (d)
Heat

(b) (c)

4NO2(g); find out the volume of NO2 and O2 at S.T.P.

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers: (i) The significant figure of 5.734 is 4. (ii) The molecular mass of Na2CO3 is 106 amu. (iii) 64 gm of SO2 contains 6.023 x 1023 number of molecules. (iv) The decimal fractional part of logarithm is called Mantica. (v) At sea level and 00C the atmospheric pressure on each square inch of our body is 14.7 pounds. State and explain Grahams Law of Diffusion of gases. Give the postulates of the Kinetic Theory of gases. Differentiate between crystalline solid and amorphous solid. Write a short note on any One of the following; (i) Surface Tension. (ii) Vapour Pressure. What will be the volume occupied by 14 gm of nitrogen at 200C and 740 torr pressure?

2-(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

(f)

Give the reasons for the following: (i) The process of diffusion occurs most rapidly in gases, less rapidly in liquid and very slowly in solid. (ii) Evaporation is a cooling process. (iii) A drop of ink spreads on a blotting paper. Write the postulates of Bohrs Atomic Theory. Derive an expression for the energy of electron in an atom. Differentiate between the following: (i) Principal Quantum Number and Azimuthal Quantum Number. (ii) Continous Spectrum and Line Spectrum. (i) Write the electronic configuration of: (a) 13Al+3 (b) 29Cu (c) 17Cl-1 (ii) Complete the equation: 9 4 _________ + ________ 4Be + 2He (iii) Which rule of Principle is violated in writing the following electronic configuration: 1s, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz State and explain the following: (i) Paulis Exclusion Principle. (ii) (n + 1) Rule. (iii) Cathode Rays and their Properties. (i) What do you mean by the ionic character of a Covalent Bond (ii) Write a short note on Ionic Bond. Differentiate between the following: (i) Sigma Bond and Pi Bond. What is Hybridization? Give the structure of CH4 C2H4 and BeCl2 molecules in terms of Hybrid Orbital Models. Write short notes on any Two of the following: (i) Dipole Moment. (ii) Hydrogen Bonding. (iii) Coordinate Bond. Fill in the Blanks with the correct answers: (i) SO2 molecule has Trigonal geometrical shape. (ii) Ionization potential decrease down te group. (iii) The number of orbitals in the second energy level is 4 (1s and 3p). State and explain Hesss Law of Heat Summation. What are its applications? Define any Two of the following: (i) Enthalpy. (ii) Heat of Formation. (iii) Intensive Properties and Extensive Properties. If 1500 calories of heat are added to a system while system does the work equivalent to 2500 calories by expanding against the surrounding, find the value of E for the system. Find the heat of formation of acetic acid at 250C: (i) 2C(s) + 2H2(g) + O2(g) CH3COOH(i) Hf = ?

3-(a) (b)

(c)

(d)

4-(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e)

5-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(ii) (iii) (iv) 6-(a)

C(s) + O2(g) H2(g) + O2(g) CH3COOH(i) + 2O2(g)

CO2(g) H = -394 KJ/mole. H2O(i) H = -286 KJ/mole. 2CO2(g) + H2O(i) H = -870.8 KJ/mole.

(b) (c) (d)

Write short notes on any Two of the following: (i) The Law of Mass Action. (ii) Le Chateliers Principle. (iii) Common ion Effect. (iv) Reversible Reaction and Irreversible Reaction. Define and explain Solubiltiy Product and give its application. Will PbCrO4 precipitate from a solution prepared by mixing 200 cm3 of 2.5 x 10-4 M pb(NO3) and 600 cm3 of 1.5 x 10-8 M pb(K2CrO4? (K(sp) of PbCrO4 = 1.5 x 10-14 ) Choose the correct answer for each from the brackets. (i) When the value of Kc is very small, the ________ is unstable. (reactant, product, none) (ii) Kp is __________ Kc when reaction occurs with increase in volume in: N2 + O2 2NO (>, <, neither) (iii) The Law of Equilibrium is used to calculate the equilibrium constant of a _________ reaction. (reversible, irreversible, neither) Define the following: (i) Hydration. (ii) Hydrolysis. (iii) Buffer Solution. (iv) Molar Concentration. (v) Electrode Potential. -3 Calculate the pH of 0.004 mole dm HCl (fully dissociated) at 250C What is Ionization? Explain it with the help of Arrehenius Theory of Ionization. (i) Find the oxidation number of the following: (a) Cr in K2Cr2O7 (b) P in H3PO4 (c) Mn in MnO4 (ii) Balance the equation by Ion Electron method.

7-(a)

(b) (c) (d)

Cr(OH)3 + SO-24
8-(a)

CrO-24 + SO-2-3

(b) (c)

(d)

(e)

Differentiate between any Two of the following: (i) Activation Energy and Threshold energy. (ii) Positive Catalyst and Negative Catalyst. (iii) Rate of Reaction and Rate Constant. Describe the factors which affect the Rate of a Reaction. Write true or false for the following: (i) The value of Activation Energy cannot be zero. (ii) A catalyst alters the rate of a reaction. (iii) Enzymes are proteins, which cannot catalye a chemical reaction in a living system. Write Rate Expression for the following equations: (i) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2 (ii) 2NO + O2 2NO2 H+ (iii) HCOOH CO + H2O For the reaction A + B AB, find the following: (i) Rate Constant if the initial concentration of each reactant is 0.2 mole/dm3 and Rate of Reaction is 9.04 x 10-4 mole/dm3.s (ii) Rate Constant if the initial concentration of B is doubled in A + B AB.

Chemistry 2004
1-(a) Define the following: (i) Molar Volume. (ii) Stoichiometry. (iii) Significant Figures. (iv) Random Error. The atomic mass of Na = 23 a.m.u. (i) Calculate the mass of 2.408 x 1023 atoms of Na. (ii) Calculate the number of moles of Na in 4.6 gm. 30 gm of limestone (CaCO3) was heated: (i) Write the equation of the reaction. (ii) Calculate the mass of CO2 produced. (iii) Calculate the volume of CO2 at S.T.P. Differentiate between the empirical formula and the molecular formula. Give the number of protons and neutrons in each of the following: (i) 2311Na+. (ii) 3216S. (iii) 199F-. (iv) 3115P. Derive the expression for the radius of the nth orbit of hydrogen atom. What principles and rules are followed in the electronic configuration of atom? What are the shapes of orbitals for which I = 0 and I = 1? Differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity giving one example of each type. State and explain Daltons Law of Partial Pressure. Explain the following Laws on the basis of Kinetic Molecular Theory> (i) Grahsms Law. (ii) Charles Law. What is the density of the methane (CH4) gas at 1270C and 3.5 atmospheres? Give reasons for the following: (i) A falling drop of a liquid is always spherical. (ii) Glycerine is distilled at a reduced pressure. (iii) NaF and MgO are isomorphous compounds. What is a Coordinate Covalent Bond? Explain the formation of POCl3 molecule. Distinguish between the following: (i) Atomic Orbital and Molecular Orbital. (ii) Sigma Bond and Pi Bond. Explain the shapes of BeCl2 and H2O molecules in term of hybrid orbital model. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. (i) The electronic configuration of N(1S2 2S2 2P2X 2P1y 2P0z) shows deviation from the ________ rule. (ii) Isoelectronic ions have different numbers of protons but the same number of ________. (iii) The shape of BF3 molecule is __________. Write True or False for the following: (i) s s sigma bond is stronger than p p sigma bond. (ii) In NH3 molecule the nitrogen atom is sp3 hybridised.

(b)

(c)

(d) 2-(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) 3-(a) (b) (c) (d)

4-(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)

5-(a)

(b) (c) (d)

Define the following: (i) System. (ii) Internal Energy. (iii) Exothermic Reaction. st (iv) 1 Law of Thermodynamics. Prove that: (i) W = PV (ii) Qp = H In a certain process 848 J of heat is absorbed by a system, while 394 J of work is done on the system. What is the change in the internal energy of the process? Select the correct answer for each form the brackets: (i) The reaction of C + 2S CS2 is: (exothermic, endothermic) (ii) Viscosity is the (intensive, extensive) property. (iii) S.I. unit of heat is (calorie, joule). What is Electrode Potential? How is electrode potential of Zn determined? Explain Arrhenius Theory of Ionisation. A 500 cm3 soltuion is prepared by dissolving 1.26 gm of HNO3 in H2O. Calculate the molarity of the solution. Give the oxidation number of; (i) Cr in Cr2O7-2 (ii) S in Na2S2O3 (iii) O in OF2 (i) The solution of sodium carbonate is basic in nature. (Give the reason) (ii) The pH of lemon juice is likely to be ________ (3, 5, 7, 10) Define the following terms: (i) Rate of Reaction. (ii) Rate of expression. (iii) Rate Constant. (iv) Order of Reaction. (v) Inhibitor. For the decomposition of ethyl-chlorocarbonate (Cl.CO2C2H5). Cl.CO2C2H5 CO2 + Cl.C2H5 K = 1.3 x 10-3 S-1 at 2000C. What is the initial rate when the initial concentration of Cl.CO2C2H5 is 0.30 M. Fill in the blanks with the correct answers: (i) The reactions which proceed only under the influence of light are termed as photochemical reactions. (ii) Threshold energy is the minimum amount of energy required for effective collision. (iii) The rate of reaction doubles for every 100C rise in temperature. (iv) Amorphous boron is much more reaction that Crystalline boron. (v) A solution which resists the changes in pH is called a Buffer solution. State and explain the Law of Mass Action. Derive the expression of equilibrium constant, Kc for the following reaction: aA + bB cC + dD For the reaction 2Hl H2 + l2, one mole of Hl is introduced into a vessel at constant temperature. Calculate the number of moles of l2 when the equilibrium is reached (Kc = 0.0156). Write the equilibrium constant expressions for the following reactions: (i) 3O2 2O3 (g) (g)

6-(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

7-(a)

(b)

(c)

8-(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) (e)

(ii) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 The solubility product of AgCl is 9.6 x 10-11 mol2dm-6 at 250C. calculate the solubility of AgCl in gm dm-3. (Atomic masses: Ag = 108, Cl = 35.5) In the case [Product]initial > Kc, indicate in which direction the reactant will shift. [Reactant] initial