Terrorism Review 1. The component that must be present for an operational definition of terrorism. 1.

) Has to have some component of an IDEOLOGY -social -political -religious 2.) Non- combatant targets -civilian -going about day to day business 3.) Violence -hurting someone -intentionally -threat-capability to carry it out -probability -verbalized 2. The typologies of terror 1. Mass terror-non-combatant population (ex. 9/11) -state-invoked (ex. Mexico) -oppressed population -state corruption 2. Dynastic Assassination- terror executed on a leader of a state (ex. JFK, Dallas) 3. Random Terror (ex. D.C. Sniper) 4. Focused random terror (ex. court house, police station) 5. Tactical Terror- terror against a ruling govt. as part of a more revolutionary endeavor (ex. IRA in Britain) 3. Tactics of terror 1. Discrediting govt. claim of safety 2. Hijacking 3. Hostages 4. Economic - Inhibit/stop economies system - Trading & American dollar value 5. WMVs 6. Bombings 7. Assaults

4. When choosing which tactic to use, what do terrorists consider? 1. 2. 3. 4. Most Impact Media coverage Target of opportunity Ease of weaponization

5. Force multipliers and give examples -To an attribute or a combination of attributes which make a given force more effective than that same force would be without it. Examples: 1. Impact of execution killed more people than anticipated 2. Victims children 3. Media 4. Transnational support - Another country and /or ideological entity express - Publicly terrorists support 5. Religion - Violence increased - Decreased effectiveness negotiations 6. Be able to explain in writing terrorists justification of violence.

7. Be able to explain the basic premise of the article The Mind of a Terrorist. The author was born in Lodz, Poland and grew up in Israel. Dr. Kruglanski says that a suicide terrorist primary motivation is personal significance. Death of loved one, broken family ties, {women unable to bear children and raped}, no sense of belonging are refer to triggering events that occur in ones life that might cause individuals to want to become terrorists. Dr. Kruglanski believed that the solution to decreasing terrorism is de-radicalization. 8. Be able to discuss management issues within a terrorist organization. Management problems 1. Distance -communication -decentralization 2. Inhibit coordination of logistics

9. Current trends in terrorist recruitment 1. AgeChildren 6-15 Prisons 17-35 2. Gender- increase in females 3. Education level-education has dropped levels and lower SE levels 10. Drawbacks of profiling terrorist 11. All the components / levels and their function of pyramid structure of organization Organization structure 1. Revenue generation 2. Leadership hierarchical system of management 3. Recruiting/hiring 4. Rules, guidelines, ethical code standard operating procedures 5. Technology/expertise/training 6. Lines of communication

Command

Active cadres

Terroristfield operations

Field operations: Intel, logistics- equipment, supplies, shelter, food and communication

Active supporters

Passive supporters

-People give money as well as

other groups and government in other country.

12. Main objective of the umbrella organizational structure

13. The avenues of funding terrorism Funding Terrorism 1. Training 2. Documentation 3. Food and Shelter (logistics) 4. Cover (rent, edu. And travel) 5. Propaganda 6. Cover general business-operating expenses

14. What makes the terrorist cell unique? 15. Be familiar with the personality traits used to profile terrorists by Sullwold, Ferracuti, Hacker and Obalance. Sullwold (German Terrorist)1. Extrovert-unstable, uninhibited, inconsiderate, self-serving and unemotional 2. Hostile-similar to a paranoid personality neurotics -suspicious -defensive -intolerant Ferracuti (Italian)- studied terrorists of the Red Brigade of Italy 1. Absence of psychopath 2. Extroverts 3. Hostile neurotics Hackers1. Crazied-emotionally disturbed, motivated for reason of their own and psychopath-irrationality,non-reality and paranoia 2. Crusaders- motivation purely idealistic and no negotiations 3. Criminal-narcissistic -negotiations- ask for something can be affective

Obalance-The language of violence 1. Dedication-dedicated to terrorism their whole lives 2. Personal Bravery-deal with any consequence -death, injury, torture, imprisonment, capture 3. Lack of emotion/affect -pity, remorse -dehumanization 4. Very intelligence 5. Very sophisticated

16. Searching for the Soul of Pakistan The original intent of the founding or formation of Pakistan as a result of Indias independence from Britain was a refuge. Pakistans national budget accounts for 25% of military. Edhi performed many human rights duties on his own without governmental support. An example of this was Edhi has a metal crib stationed outside his office for unwanted babies. He would make sure they had shelter and education. He would make sure they grew up in a good environment so that one day they would grow up to be good individuals. One little girl Najma got raped in Pakistan because he family didnt give up their land to the Taliban so they decide to give them a scary so that her family would leave the land. In the end she never got justice for what they did. The government ended up losing all her medical records to proof that she got raped and the case was closed. Other things to know as well. WMDs: -Bio Terrorism -Biological Weapons -Bioweapons -Biologics Categories of weapons: 1. Viruses: unique in that they require living cells (host cells) to thrive very small (even under microscope) (replicate and maintain)

-usually thru upper respiratory system and very contagious because host cell = us -best way to spread person to person close tight areas (ex: trains/airplanes) -incubation period: varies depending on disease; usually no symptoms (sx) -when you do show you exhibiting sx of the disease -vectors: animals that can transmit diseases to humans -mosquitos (most dangerous vectors) why? Answer: so small & easy to disperse -How will it unfold when it shows? Sx: general sx -malaise/tired -runny nose -cough -temp. (Eventually you get emergency room sick) Exponential spread D X M X

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-50 people inflected it will be declared a full blow epideme30% fatality rate