SULIT [TPT474]

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN SEMESTER
20 MAC 2012
TPT474 ANALISA KEJURUTERAAN IV
[ENGINEERING ANALYSIS IV]
Masa : 1 Jam 30 Minit
_____________________________________________________________________________
Sila pastikan kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi LIMA (5) muka surat yang bercetak termasuk
muka hadapan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.
[Please make sure that this examination paper has FIVE (5) printed pages including this front page before
you start the examination.]
Kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi TIGA (3) soalan. Jawab semua soalan. Markah bagi setiap
soalan adalah 20 markah.
[This examination paper has THREE (3) questions. Answer all questions. Each question contributes 20
marks.]
= 1
= 0.5
= 0.2
= 0.1
SULIT [TPT474]
-2-
Question 1
(a) A simple pendulum of length L, and mass m
2
is pivoted to the mass m
1
which slides without
any friction on a horizontal plane as shown in Figure 1. Draw the free-body diagram of the
mass and pendulum system.
[2 marks]
(b) If the system is vibrating freely without any damping effect, show that the equations of
motion of the two-degrees-of-freedom system are
0 2 ) (
2 2 1
+ + + kx L m x m m

and 0 + +
L
x
L
g


Figure 1
[4 marks]
(c) Determine the natural frequencies of the system, given that m
1
= 2 kg, m
2
= 3 kg, k = 500
N/m, and L = 0.5 m.
[10 marks]
(d) Suggest two (2) design changes to the system in order to reduce the natural frequency of the
pendulum.
[4 marks]
x

m
2
1
m
1
1
k k
O
1
= 1
= 0.5
= 0.2
= 0.1
SULIT [TPT474]
-3-
Question 2
An electronic control system for an automobile engine is to be mounted on top of the fender inside
the engine compartment of the automobile as shown in Figure 2. The control module electronically
computes and controls the engine timing, fuel-air mixture, and so on, and completely controls the
engine. To protect it from fatigue and breakage, it is desirable to isolate the module from the
vibration induced in the car body by road and engine vibration. Hence the module is mounted on
an isolator.
(a) Based on the transmissibility curve given as in Figure 3, select suitable values c and k if the
mass of the module is 3 kg and the dominant vibration of the fender is approximated by y(t)
= (0.01) sin (35)t m. Here, it is desired to keep the displacement of the module less than
0.005 m at all times, given that x(t) = 0.005 sin (
n
)t m.
[14 marks]
(b) Once the design values for isolators are chosen, calculate the magnitude of the force
transmitted to the module through the isolator and comment on the amount of the calculated
force with respect to the design of the electronic module.
[6 marks]
Figure 2 (a) Cutaway sketch of the engine compartment of an automobile illustrating the
location of the cars electronic control module. (b) Close-up of the control module mounted
on the inside fender on an isolator. (c) Vibration model of the module isolator system.
Figure 3 Plot of the transmissibility ratio indicating the value of T.R. for a variety of choices
of the damping ratio, and the frequency ratio, r.
-4-
Engine
Isolation
mounting
Electronic control
module
Car body
(a)
m
(c)
c k
x(t)
y(t)
(b)
Module
Isolator
Fender
x(t)
y(t)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1 2 3 4
= 1
= 0.5
= 0.2
= 0.1
0

r
T.R.
SULIT [TPT474]
Question 3
(a) For the beam shown in Figure 4, determine the nodal slopes and the reactions given that the
modulus of elasticity, E and the area moment of inertia about the z axis, I
z
are 210 GPa and 2
10
-4
m
4
respectively. Given that the complete stiffness matrix for the flexure element is
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

2 2
2 2
3
4 6 2 6
6 12 6 12
2 6 4 6
6 12 6 12
L L L L
L L
L L L L
L L
L
EI
k
z
e
[17 marks]
(b) If support 3 is removed, suggest a method to prove that the beam will not topple.
[3 marks]
Figure 4
ooOoo
-5-
1
2
3
5000 N/m
5 m 4 m
SULIT [TPT474]
Formulae
Q1:
For a characteristic equation of
The roots are
Q2:
If
) sin( ) ( t X t x
n

and
) sin( ) ( t Y t y
the displacement and force transmissibility ratio T.R. are
2 / 1
2 2 2
2
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 2 ( 1
. .
1
]
1

+
+

r r
r
Y
X
R T

and
where
m
k
n
,
n
m
c

,
n
r

The magnitude of the transmitted force, F

T
, is given by
2 / 1
2 2 2
2
2
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 2 ( 1
1
]
1

+
+

r r
r
kYr F
T

Q3:
For a uniform load q(x) = -q =constant, the work-equivalent nodal forces and moment is given by

'

'

12
2
12
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
qL
qL
qL
qL
M
F
M
F
q
q
q
q
Solution
0
2
+ +
m
k
s
m
c
s
2 / 1
2
2 , 1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

m
k
m
c
m
c
s
SULIT [TPT474]
Q1(a):
The free body diagram,

Q1(b):
For equilibrium condition, the translational motion in the x direction is given by
kx kx L m x m x m + + cos
2 2 1


0 2 cos ) (
2 2 1
+ + + kx L m x m m


For small angle, sin = and cos = 1. Therefore,
0 2 ) (
2 2 1
+ + + kx L m x m m


The rotational motion, taking moment about hinge O,
cos sin
2 2
2
2
L x m gL m L m


0 cos sin
2 2
2
2
+ + L x m gL m L m

. Thus,
0 + +
L
x
L
g


Q1(c):
Assuming the harmonic motions for the system, we let
t A x sin and t B sin . Thus, t A x sin
2
and t B sin
2


.
Substitute into the equations of motion,
0 sin 2 ) sin )( ( ) sin )( (
2
2
2
2 1
+ + + t kA t B L m t A m m
0 sin ] 2 ) ( [
2
2 2
2 1
+ + t LB m kA A m m
0 ] ) ( 2 [
2
2 2
2 1
+ LB m A m m k
and,
0 sin sin sin
2
2

,
_

+ + t A
L
t B
L
g
t B

0 sin
2
2

1
]
1

,
_

,
_

t B
L
g
A
L

x
kx kx
m
1
O
m
2
m
2
g
L
Lsin

L m
2
cos
2
L m

[ ] 03 . 256 5 . 274 39200 301401
2
1
5 . 274
2 / 1

SULIT [TPT474]
0
2
2

,
_

B
L
g
A
L

We can transform the two equations into matrix form, such as

'

'

1
1
]
1

+
0
0
) ( 2
2
2
2
2 2
2 1
B
A
L
g
L
L m m m k

For non-trivial solution of A and B, the determinant for the coefficient of A and B must be zero.
0
) ( 2
det
2
2
2
2 2
2 1

,
_

L
g
L
L m m m k
Using the values given, the determinant is
0 ) 2 )( 5 . 1 ( ) 6 . 19 )( 5 1000 (
2 2 2 2

0 3 5 98 1000 19600
4 4 2 2
+
0 9800 549
2 4
+
( ) ( ) [ ]
2 / 1
2 2
2
2
1
9800 4 549
2
1
2
549
,
47 . 18
2
1
and 53 . 530
2
2

30 . 4
1
rad/s and 03 . 23
2
rad/s
Q1(d):
Q2(a):
SULIT [TPT474]
The response amplitude X is 0.005 m. The amplitude Y is 0.01 m. Thus, the displacement
transmissibility ratio is
5 . 0
01 . 0
005 . 0
. .
Y
X
R T
From the plot of the transmissibility ratio, there are several possible solutions for and
n
. A
straight horizontal line through T.R. crosses at several values and r.
If = 0.2, r = 1.65 for T.R. = 0.5. These values provide one possible solution.
We know that r = /
n
= 1.65 and = 35 rad/s.
Therefore, the isolation systems natural frequency is
n
= 35/1.65 = 21.212 rad/s.
The mass of the module is m = 3 kg. Thus, k = m
n
2
= (3)(21.212)
2
= 1350 N/m. The isolation
mount must be made of a material with this stiffness.
The damping ratio, is related to the damping constant c by this equation, c = 2m
n
= 2(0.02)(3)
(21.212) = 25.45 kg/s.
Q2(b):
2 / 1
2 2 2
2
2
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 2 ( 1
1
]
1

+
+

r r
r
kYr F
T

= kYr
2
(T.R.) = (1350)(0.01)(1.65)
2
(0.5) = 18.38 N.
If this force happens to be too large, the design must be redone.
Other factors that must be considered for a good design are cost, ease of assembly, temperature
range, reliability of vendor, availability of product, and quality required.

Q3(a):
SULIT [TPT474]
Element stiffness matrix for element 1 is
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

8 . 0 24 . 0 4 . 0 24 . 0
24 . 0 096 . 0 24 . 0 096 . 0
4 . 0 24 . 0 8 . 0 24 . 0
24 . 0 096 . 0 24 . 0 096 . 0
10 420
100 30 50 30
30 12 30 12
50 30 100 30
30 12 30 12
125
10 2 10 210
5
4 9
) 1 (
k
Element stiffness matrix for element 2 is
[ ]
1
1
1
1
]
1

1
1
1
1
]
1

1 375 . 0 5 . 0 375 . 0
375 . 0 1875 . 0 375 . 0 1875 . 0
5 . 0 375 . 0 1 375 . 0
375 . 0 1875 . 0 375 . 0 1875 . 0
10 420
64 24 32 24
24 12 24 12
32 24 64 24
24 12 24 12
64
10 2 10 210
5
4 9
) 2 (
k
The assembled global stiffness matrix is
[ ]
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
1

1 375 . 0 5 . 0 375 . 0 0 0
375 . 0 1875 . 0 375 . 0 1875 . 0 0 0
5 . 0 375 . 0 8 . 1 135 . 0 4 . 0 24 . 0
375 . 0 1875 . 0 135 . 0 2835 . 0 24 . 0 096 . 0
0 0 4 . 0 24 . 0 8 . 0 24 . 0
0 0 24 . 0 096 . 0 24 . 0 096 . 0
10 420
5
K
The global equilibrium equations become
[ ]

'

+
+

'

6666 . 6666
10000
3750
22500
666 . 10416
12500
3
2
1
3
3
2
2
1
1
F
F
F
v
v
v
K

Applying the boundary conditions, we get

'

'

1
1
1
]
1

667 . 6666
3750
666 . 10416
1 5 . 0 0
5 . 0 8 . 1 4 . 0
0 4 . 0 8 . 0
10 420
3
2
1
5

Using the Gaussian Elimination approach, the equations become

1
1
1
]
1

241 . 4178
333 . 8958
666 . 10416
861 . 0 0 0
5 . 0 6 . 1 0
0 4 . 0 8 . 0
10 420
5
Solving the equations, we get
4
3
10 155 . 1

rad
4
2
10 972 . 0

rad
SULIT [TPT474]
4
1
10 586 . 3

rad
The reaction forces are
9865
1
F N
28485
2
F N
6650
3
F
N
Q3(b):
To check the reaction force at node 1.