MODULE

BIOTECHNOLOGY

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Hello! Its nice to see you hanging around in here! Are you feeling bored? There are some activities in here. Feel free to answer them, okay? Enjoy answering!

1. Discuss about the application of biotechnology in our everyday lives; 2. Explain the importance of biotechnology;

So, you are expected to:

Before you continue your journey, I would like to test your understanding on the topic. Are you ready? Alright!

What do you
MULTIPLE CHOICE:

know?

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write your answers on your answer
sheet. 1. The following are advantages of biotechnology except: a. feeding the world c. both a and b b. healing the world d. none of the above 2. _________ is a product that prevents insects from pestering the plants. a. insecticides c. pesticides b. water d. fertilizers 3. Which of these are types of fertilizer used in farms? I. organic III. inorganic II. natural IV. artificial a. I only c. II, IV b. I, III d. I, II, III, IV 4. Energy that does not produce pollution and comes from resources such as sun, wind, and water. a. kinetic energy c. renewable energy b. potential energy d. solar energy

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5. It is a natural battery used in storing solar energy. a. solar panel c. biofuel b. biomass d. biodiesel 6. It is a type of renewable energy that produces ethanol from organic material like switch grass corn and sugar cane husks. a. solar panel c. biofuel b. biomass d. biodiesel 7. Which of the following is the concern of biotechnology to humans? a. agriculture c. medicine b. forensics d. all of the above 8. Dolly is a cloned animal. What type of biotechnology is used in cloning the sheep Dolly? a. genetic engineering c. gene therapy b. old biotechnology d. none of the above 9. In cloning, what characteristic of the genes are cloned? a. quantity of the genes c. quality of the genes b. both a and c d. none of the above 10. How many months do you have to wait before a cloned creature comes out? a. 3 c. 4 b. 5 d. 6

Check your answers with the answer key. Then move on to Fun with Words.

Fun with words

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Direction: Are you a computer addict? Do you memorize the whole keyboard? Try to give the word through its given meaning by accessing the keyboard world.

1. C5 A8 A9 A5 A3 C3 B6 C6 A9 B9 A9 B5 A6 - application of scientific and engineering principals to the processing of material by biological agents to provide goods and services 2. C5 A8 C5 B9 A3 - provides numerous examples of biotechnology 3. B4 A3 A4 C7 A3 C6 A5 B1 A5 A8 A9 C6 - anaerobic cellular process in which organic foods are converted into simpler compounds and chemical energy (ATP) is produced 4. B2 A7 C7 A3 A4 A8 B1 C6 B2 - people who are able to brew as many as 20 types of beer in the 3 rd millennium BC 5. C7 A8 C3 A4 A9 C5 A3 - microscopic living organism, such as a bacterium, fungus, protozoan or virus 6. A4 A3 B3 - biotechnology applied to medical processes 7. A2 B6 A8 A5 A3 - biotechnology applied to industrial processes BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY - MODULE

8. B5 A4 A3 A6 - also known as white biotechnology 9. B5 A4 A3 A3 A6 - biotechnology applied to agricultural processes 10. C5 B9 A7 A3 - biotechnology used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology

Did you answer them accurately? Please proceed to the next one if you finished doing so.

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Korean artists are internationally known now. They have fans wherever you look and go. With the use of their names, try to find the words from the word hunt box and connect the words to their proper meanings.
Find the following names to unlock the words that you will be using to answer the definitions. Erase also the unnecessary letters.
1. Eunhyuk
2. Yunho 3. Leeteuk 4. Jaejoong 5. Junsu 6. Changmin 7. Yoochun 8. Yesung 9. Donghae 10. Kangin 11. Siwon 12. Sungmin 13. Hae 14. Wook

E N E G J U N S U M A

N Y N W A C D S I O C

Z U O O E H O N M N I

Y N N O J A N I M O D

M H G K O N G M U C S

E O E S O G H A N L S

E G N T N M A T O O U

U N E N G I E I C N N

N I L E Y N O V H A G

H N E V O Y R K E L M

Y O E L O E G A M S I

U L T O C S A N I I N

K C E S H U N G C W H

X X U X U N I I A O A

X X K X N G C N L N E

__________1. biotechnology that deals with whole cell, tissues or even individual organisms

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__________2. biotechnology that involves gene manipulation, cloning, etc __________3. process where by clones are established asexually, whose cells are all genetically identical to a single ancestor __________4. of or relating to immunochemistry __________5. any of a group of complex proteins in conjugated proteins that are produced by living cells and act on catalysts in specific biochemical reactions __________6. any of the highly specific antibodies produced in large quantity by the clones of a simple hybrid cell found in the laboratory by the fusion of a B cell with a tumor cell __________7. of, relating to, derived from, or characteristic of living plants and animals __________8. a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water __________9. capable of dissolving another substance __________10. any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism

Kindly check the answers from your teacher. Did you get the correct answers? Its easy, right? Now turn to the next page and answer the other activity that follows!

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Directions: 1. Below are words that are to be completed. 2. The unnumbered word should be also completed like the other words. 3. The numbered letters represent the letter that should be filled on the unnumbered one. 4. Try to fill all the blanks to get the right answers and the master of all the words.

_ _ _ _ _ _ H _ _ _ _ _ _ is the application of scientific and engineering principals to the processing of material by biological agents.

__________ 1. _ _ 2 _ _ - relating to an amino or other chemical compound containing NH2 group combined with a non acid organic radical __________ 2. _ _ _ _ 1 _ 3 _ _ _ _ - widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases __________ 3. _ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ _ - a plant that acts like a hormone _________ 4. _ _ _ _ 13 foods that are made from milk _________ 5. _ _ 4 _ _ _ acid weak acid found in many kinds of fruit

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_________ 6. _ _ _ 6 _ _ _ _ acid acid formed from the oxidation of glucose and other sugars _________ 7. 10 _ _ _ _ _ acid syrupy, water-soluble liquid, produced in muscles as a result of anaerobic glucose metabolism _________ 8. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ acid one of two isomeric unsaturated dicarboxylic acids _________ 9. _ 5 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 _ _ _ _ - sometimes called chimeric DNA ________________________________ 10. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots

Check your answers with the key from your teacher. Were you able to answer all? Please go back to the words and have a short review. Remember those words because you are going to encounter them as we go on with our lesson.

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know?

What you need to

Biotechnology (sometimes shortened to "biotech") is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose. Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture technologies.

Activity 1 Content Selection

Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented into wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt, or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt and hops began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy bread rather than a firm, thin cracker, they were acting as fledgling biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. What then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind many different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic drugs. Still others envision the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistant to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. In its purest form, the term "biotechnology" refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells to make cheeses and yogurts and as they bred their strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of these organisms and their cell products gains us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms.

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Using the techniques of gene splicing and recombinant DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA can be taken from one organism and placed into the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules. Cows can produce more milk for the same amount of feed. And we can synthesize therapeutic molecules that have never before existed. Questions: 1. What is biotechnology? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. How will you explain that biotechnology exists as early as prehistoric times? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Give examples of biotechnology in prehistoric times. How will you differentiate them from todays biotechnology? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Hows your answer? Check this with your teacher. Did you get them right? If not, you can read the selection again.

I learned that..
_______________ exists as early as prehistoric times. Though machines are not built those days, simple forms of biotechnology are discovered by our ancestors. Until today, many of those _____________ are used. The only difference is that prehistoric biotechnology uses mens hands while the new biotechnology uses complicated machines in making different discoveries and inventions. Very easy! Right? Prepare for the next lesson. Goodluck!! BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY - MODULE

INFORMATION

Biotechnology helps people in many different ways. It helps in healing the world, feeding the world, fuelling the world, using nature to change the world, improving the human condition, cutting edge drugs, healthful food and nutrition, and, renewable products and energy.

Activity 2 Where Do I Belong?

Directions:

Identify if the following terms goes under healing, feeding, fuelling the world, using nature to change the world, or renewable products and energy.

______________ 1. Penicillin ______________ 2. biomass ______________ 3. heal disease that cant be cured before ______________ 4. biobased fuels ______________ 5. bioethanol

_______________6. insect tolerance _______________7. cloning _______________8. wind energy _______________9. herbicide tolerance _______________10. antibiotics

Did you get all the answers correctly? Very good!! If not, try to analyze the statements.

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I learned that..

Biotechnology has its own importance in a persons life. It can ______ a wound or sickness. It may help in __________ those who are hungry or in need. And it also helps in giving _________ to produce power in a community.

Alright! Now that you know the importance of biotechnology in our everyday lives, get ready for a deeper discussion of each importance. Lets go down deeper and explore how biotechnology helps in healing the world and improving human condition....

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For Your Inform ation!

WHAT IS CLONING?
Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you hit the skate park or went out with your friends? Imagine if you could really do that. Where would you start? What exactly is cloning? Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two! You might not believe it, but there are human clones among us right now. They weren't made in a lab, though: they're identical twins, created naturally. Below, we'll see how natural identical twins relate to modern cloning technologies. How is cloning done? You may have first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though. How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer. How do these processes differ? 1. Artificial Embryo Twinning Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech version of cloning. As the name suggests, this technology mimics the natural process of creating identical twins. In nature, twins occur just after fertilization of an egg cell by a sperm cell. In rare cases, when the resulting fertilized egg, called a zygote, tries to divide into a two-celled embryo, the two cells separate. Each cell continues dividing on its own, ultimately developing into a separate individual within the mother. Since the two cells came from the same zygote, the resulting individuals are genetically identical. Artificial embryo twinning uses the same approach, but it occurs in a Petri dish instead of in the mother's body. This is accomplished by manually separating a very early embryo into individual cells, and then allowing each cell to divide and develop on its own. The resulting embryos are placed into a surrogate mother, where they are carried to term and delivered. Again, since all the embryos came from the same zygote, they are genetically identical.

2. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Somatic cell nuclear transfer, (SCNT) uses a different approach than artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact clone, or genetic copy, of an individual. This was the method used to create Dolly the Sheep. What does SCNT mean? Let's take it apart:

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Somatic cell: A somatic cell is any cell in the body other than the two types of reproductive cells, sperm and egg. Sperm and egg are also called germ cells. In mammals, every somatic cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, whereas the germ cells only have one complete set.
Nuclear: The nucleus is like the cell's brain. It's an enclosed compartment that contains all the information that cells need to form an organism. This information comes in the form of DNA. It's the differences in our DNA that make each of us unique. Transfer: Moving an object from one place to another. To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell from an adult female sheep. Next, they transferred the nucleus from that cell to an egg cell from which the nucleus had been removed. After a couple of chemical tweaks, the egg cell, with its new nucleus, was behaving just like a freshly fertilized zygote. It developed into an embryo, which was implanted into a surrogate mother and carried to term. The lamb, Dolly, was an exact genetic replica of the adult female sheep that donated the somatic cell nucleus to the egg. She was the first-ever mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. How does SCNT differ from the natural way of making an embryo? The fertilization of an egg by a sperm and the SCNT cloning method both result in the same thing: a dividing ball of cells, called an embryo. So what exactly is the difference between these methods? An embryo is composed of cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes. The difference between fertilization and SCNT lies in where those two sets originated. In fertilization, the sperm and egg both contain one set of chromosomes. When the sperm and egg join, the resulting zygote ends up with two sets - one from the father (sperm) and one from the mother (egg). In SCNT, the egg cell's single set of chromosomes is removed. It is replaced by the nucleus from a somatic cell, which already contains two complete sets of chromosomes. Therefore, in the resulting embryo, both sets of chromosomes come from the somatic cell.

Activity 3 Biotechnology In Using Nature to Change the World Directions: There are 10 simple steps in cloning. How are they done? Try to draw them!
Step 1: specializes cell harvest

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Step 2: egg cell harvest

Step 3: hibernation

Step 4: trash egg cell nucleus

Step 5: remove specialized cell nucleus

Step 6: nucleus insertion

Step 7: jump start the cell

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Step 8: into the womb

Step 9: wait 6 months

Step 10: publication

I learned that..
1. What does biotechnology do to change the world? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the steps in cloning? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the importance of cloning? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Hey, I hope you are enjoying all the activities while learning. Take a deep breath, because youll be facing more exciting challenges while you are moving to the next topic.

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Reading to Learn
Genetic engineering can be used to modify the genetic compositions of plants, animals, and microorganisms. The number of genes that have been isolated and are available for transfer is growing daily. Currently, the technology is used primarily to modify crops, although a number of other applications are in the wings. Like other products, genetically engineered products undergo a period of research and development before they are ready for commercial release. Many products never emerge from the research and development pipeline. While this is true for almost any technology, genetic engineering is turning out to be more difficult and more expensive than early proponents expected. Although in the early 1980s biotechnology was touted as a miracle technology that was going to usher in a new era of agricultural abundance with minimal harm to the environment, the initial set of products has proved modest.

Engineered Crops The most widespread application of genetic engineering in agriculture by far is in engineered crops. Thousands of such products have been field tested and over a dozen have been approved for commercial use. The traits most commonly introduced into crops are herbicide tolerance, insect tolerance, and virus tolerance. Herbicide Tolerance Case Study: Soybeans Herbicide tolerance allows crops to withstand otherwise lethal doses of herbicides, which are chemicals that kill plants. Some herbicides kill virtually all plants and cannot be used on crops. By offering crops tolerant to herbicides, chemical companies can expand the market for their products. Indeed, the major developers of herbicide-tolerant plants are companies that sell herbicides. The current set of commercially available herbicide-tolerant crops is tolerant to three herbicides based on three active ingredients: bromoxynil, glyphosate, and glufosinate. Insect Tolerance All of the commercially available insect-tolerant plants contain a version of the toxin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is found in nature in soil bacteria. Bt toxins are highly effective for many pest organisms, like beetles and moth larva, but not toxic to mammals and most other nontarget organisms. A major concern among farmers and environmentalists is that wide use of Bt crops will BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY - MODULE lead to the rapid development (over the course of perhaps as few as three to five years) of resistance to the toxin. If resistance develops, the Bt toxin will be useless as a pesticide. In this case, the environmental benefits of the product

Insect Tolerance All of the commercially available insect-tolerant plants contain a version of the toxin Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is found in nature in soil bacteria. Bt toxins are highly effective for many pest organisms, like beetles and moth larva, but not toxic to mammals and most other nontarget organisms. A major concern among farmers and environmentalists is that wide use of Bt crops will lead to the rapid development (over the course of perhaps as few as three to five years) of resistance to the toxin. If resistance develops, the Bt toxin will be useless as a pesticide. In this case, the environmental benefits of the product will be short lived. Loss of Bt efficacy will affect those who currently use the engineered Bt crops, but also many other farmers who use Bt in its natural bacterial form, usually as a spray. These other farmers include those who grow food organically and those who use Bt as part of integrated pest management (IPM) plans. Natural Bt sprays are a valuable mode of pest control for these farmers. Organic farmers and others who rely on Bt question whether the companies who sell the Bt crops have the right to use up this resource guided only by commercial calculations. UCS considers Bt to be a public good that should be reserved for everyone. Virus Tolerance The third major application of biotechnology to crops is virus tolerance. These crops contain a gene taken from a virus. By a process that is not well understood, plants that produce certain viral proteins are able to fend off infections by the viruses from which the proteins were taken. Two virustolerant crops are currently approved for commercial use, papaya and squash. The squash, which is resistant to two viruses, is currently off the market. Although it is difficult to get information on why products are not on the market, it is possible that the squash did not perform well enough in the field to capture market share.

Activity 4 Biotechnology and Agriculture Directions: Arranged the jumbled letters to form the word needed to complete the thought. negitce eeiinnnrgg 1. can be used to modify the genetic compositions of plants, animals, and microorganisms svuir neelotrac 2. the third major application of biotechnology to crops cnseti neelotrac 3. A major concern among farmers and environmentalists edicibreh neelotrac 4. allows crops to withstand otherwise lethal doses of herbicides, which are chemicals that kill plants eeeenndrg pscor 5. the most widespread application of genetic engineering in agriculture

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I learned that..
I learned that biotechnology makes a difference not only in healing the world but also in __________ the world. It helps in improving ____________, ____________ and __________.

INFORMATION

Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished) Wind power Airflows can be used to run wind turbines. Hydropower Energy in water can be harnessed and used. Since water is about 800 times denser than air, even a slow flowing stream of water, or moderate sea swell, can yield considerable amounts of energy. Solar energy Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. Biomass Biomass (plant material) is a renewable energy source because the energy it contains comes from the sun. Biofuel

Biofuels include a wide range of fuels which are derived from biomass. Geothermal energy

Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth.

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Activity 5 Biotechnology Fuels the World Directions: Search the words on the box that are related to fuelling the world and give its meaning below. s n u j n i m o
h

o o a f d w q h
y

l c l g s e m n
d

e e s a a r n u
r

e v u h r t b y
o

t b d f p y v d
p

e n f j o u c n
o

u m g k o i x i
w

s s a m o i b w
e

k l h j k l z e
r

i b u m i n a h a

1. _______________ - _________________________________________________ 2. _______________ - _________________________________________________ 3. _______________ - _________________________________________________ 4. _______________ - _________________________________________________ 5. _______________ - _________________________________________________

Check your answer with the answer key. Did you get the answers correctly? You may proceed now to learn more.

I learned that..
Biotechnology also helps in ________________________. It can give energies that are called ________. There are also types of this energy: ___________________, _____________________, __________________, ___________________, ______________________, ______________.

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Modern biotechnology is being used in many areas of medicine from making vaccines and drugs to determining genetic origins of disease, producing organs for xenotransplant and developing nanomedical diagnostic methods. Biotechnology has been in existence for thousands of years, originating in food production, but when was the first biotechnological application in medicine? The revolution began with the advent of biologically-produced antibiotics and the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1929. Fleming observed that cultures of Staphylococcus aureus were killed when accidentally contaminated with the fungus Penicillium notatum. Fleming published his work on the inhibiting substance that was found in the cell-free culture media, after the fungal cells were removed. Penicillin was not developed into a commercial product for therapeutic use until the 1940s. Prior to this discovery, antimicrobial compounds were used to treat syphilis and other diseases, but were manufactured chemically.

Activity 6 Biotechnology and Medicine

Directions: Match column A with column B.

A ___1. used to treat syphilis ___2. first biotechnological application of medicine ___3. year of discovery of penicillin ___4. discovered penicillin ___5. year when the drug is used in therapies B a. 1940 b. 1929 c. discovery of penicillin d. Alexander Fleming e. antimicrobial compounds

I learned that..
The first biotechnological application of medicine was on __________ when __________________________ discovered ________________. _____________________________ are used to treat syphilis. Penicillin was used for therapies in ___________. You made it! You are really smart! Wait, I want you to apply what you have leaned from the lessons. You can do it! Go! BIOLOGY - MODULE

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Apply what you know.... Directions: Given the following illustrations, identify the impact of biotechnology to
humans and explain your answer. 1. Field of Impact: ___________________ Explanation: ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

2. Field of Impact: ___________________ Explanation: ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

3.

Field of Impact: ___________________ Explanation: ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

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4.

Field of Impact: ___________________ Explanation: ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

5.

Field of Impact: ___________________ Explanation: ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________

You impressed me! You are now in the last part of this module. Find out how much you have learned by answering the questions.

How well did you learn? Directions: Answer the following questions with 3 5 sentences.
1. How does Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

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2. How is cloning done? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain genetic engineering. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Explain how biotechnology influences agriculture? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the kinds of renewable energy? Explain each. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Reflections
Write your own reflections / insights by completing the following lines:

I have learned that ___________________________ _______________________________________ I have realized that ___________________________ ________________________________________ I commit to ________________________________ ________________________________________
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Congratulations!!!
References

Ashford, NA, C Bergman, and R Holla. 1990 (May). Regulation of Genetically Modified Microorganisms in Canada, Japan, and the European Communities. Bioprocessing Technology. 1989 (December). Gene Transfer Changes Fungal Pathogenicity. BioScan. 1989 (April 3). The Biotechnology Corporate Service Directory. Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press. Volume 3. http://www.bio.org/ http://www.biotechinstitute.org/what-is-biotechnology http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/what_is_biotechnology.php http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology

Credits

Photo

http://th06.deviantart.net/fs44/150/f/2009/143/2/5/2508d227c871ced8657a8c60d1074517.jp g Date accessed: January 7, 2012 http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/uploads/image/8/8150.jpg - biotech corns Date accessed: January 7, 2012 http://edu.glogster.com/media/4/34/10/1/34100115.jpg Date accessed: January 7, 2012 BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY - MODULE

http://www.calderdaleonline.org/assets/images/bio_diesel_map_donotusesomeoneelseswork.gif Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://www.ridelust.com/wp-content/uploads/bio_fuel_conversion_chart.jpg Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://www.best-europe.org/upload/BEST_images/environment/co2_cycle_ethanol.gif Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://62.0.5.136/static.ddmcdn.com/gif/hydropower-plant-usbr-hoover.jpg Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://cmvlive.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Wind-Farm-in-St-Kitts-Soon-to-Rise.jpg Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://62.0.5.136/solarenergylive.com/images/solar_power_home_system.jpg Date accessed: January 8, 2012 http://62.0.5.135/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/NesjavellirPowerPla nt_edit2.jpg/280px-NesjavellirPowerPlant_edit2.jpg Date accessed: January 9, 2012 http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRx9KR6AfEhUwWxBnQvV8c7y5x980hw_izRhshqIp MhKvcRWNVq2oBtAIoGdA Date accessed: January 9, 2012 http://www.ridelust.com/wp-content/uploads/bio_fuel_conversion_chart.jpg Date accessed: January 10, 2012 http://www.biometal2010.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Biomedical-Research6.jpg Date accessed: January 10, 2012

PREPARED BY: MA. MICAH R. ENCARNACION CANDY JOY F. DE LEON III-DALTON TAGAYATAY CITY SCIENCE NHS

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