HYBRID POWER GENERATION BY THE COMBINATION OF SOLAR AND WIND FOR DOMESTIC USE.

ABSTRACT
Hybrid power generation by combination of solar and wind for domestic use is the utilisation of renewable energy substantially in grass root level. This paper is about harnessing the freely available sources of energy for domestic use .This is about the search of new power sources for the increasing demand of power.

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
With the development of industry and agriculture, a great amount of energy such as coal, oil and gas has been consumed in the world. Extensive use of these fossil energies deteriorates a series of problems like energy crisis, environmental pollution and so on. Everybody knows that the fossil energy reserves are finite, some day it will be exhausted. It is possible that the world will face a global energy crisis due to a decline in the availability of cheap oil and recommendations to a decreasing dependency on fossil fuel. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel, Karrick process, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy and wind. Today, solar energy and wind energy have significantly alternated fossil fuel with big ecological problems. With the development of the science and technology, power generation using solar energy and wind power is gradually known by more and more people. And it is widespread used in many developed countries. The merits of the solar and wind power generation are very obvious-infinite and non-polluting. The raw materials of the solar and wind power generation derived from nature, and wind power generation can work twenty-four hours a day, solar power generation only works by daylight. In addition, this kind of power generation has no exhaust emission and there is no influence to the nature. But it also has some shortcomings. Because of the imperfect of the technology, equipment of the solar and wind power generation is very expensive. By far, it cannot be widely used. In addition, solar and wind power generation system

affected by the changing of the weather very much, so it has obvious defects in reliability compared with fossil fuel, and it is difficult to make it fit for practical use the lack of economical efficiency .Because of these problems it needs to increase the reliability of energy supply by developing a system which interacts Solar and wind energy. This kind of system is usually called wind-solar hybrid power generation system significantly alternated fossil fuel with big ecological problems.

1.1 Hybrid
The 'hybrid' part of the name refers to the fact that these power systems usually involve another form of energy production, such as use of solar panels or wind turbines. These power generators work in unison within the system to maximize fuel economy. To accommodate multiple sources of power, these systems involve a computerized controller, which controls operation, usage, and energy production.

CHAPTER 2

HYBRID GENERATORS WORKING

Hybrid Generators generally have reduced fuel consumption, reduced maintenance, and provide highly reliable electric power, as compared with non-hybrid generators. This is due to a difference in the way which it is operated, when compared to traditional generators. Most engine driven electric generators run continuously and at a high / fixed RPM this results in significant quantities of fuel being consumed even if the loads are low. A hybrid generator automatically shuts the engine off when demand is low. When power from the engine is needed, it starts automatically and runs at the minimum RPM to provide maximum fuel economy. Running the engine slower, and shutting the engine off when loads are low, results indramatic fuel savings, lower maintenance and increased engine life. Components of the hybrid generator:1. Solar panel

2. Controller 3. D.C.generator 4. Batteries 5. DC to AC converters

The solar panel and wind turbine produces DC power to charge the batteries and run the inverters when needed .The inverter converts the stored DC power to unstable AC electrical energy . Having battery storage also helps the generator to absorb load spikes. The controller monitors the system starting and stopping engine as need. Because hybrid generators already have an inverter and battery storage, energy from wind or solar power can be connected directly to the generator for increased efficiency. Solar power is the most abundant alternative energy source available. Wind power and hydro power are the next most abundant alternative energy sources. One disadvantage of solar power systems is they require the sun to generate alternative energy. No sun means no energy. Solar power systems are most efficient when sunlight is focused for maximum exposure. Efficiency also increases in regions where sunlight is readily available. The second most readily available source of alternative energy, wind power, suffers similar disadvantages. No wind means no energy. Wind power generators require wind speeds as low as 3 miles per hour to operate. Wind power efficiency increases with the speed and duration of the wind. Hybrid generator systems can be constructed either as grid-assisted or grid-inter-tied and offgrid. Grid assisted systems will use both electrical grid and alternative energy sources. The electrical energy provided from these multiple sources will then be stored in battery systems. There is an advantage to grid-assisted alternative energy sources, when the wind does not blow, or the sun does not shine, the electrical system will still be storing power in the battery system. In these systems, hybrid generators operate as a method to reduce utility costs. Off-grid systems on the other hand are designed to provide alternative energy sources that are completely separate from grid power. Hybrid generators in this case are the sole method of electrical input to the battery storage system.

CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system consists of low velocity wind turbine and titanium dioxide based solar panel which is economical for the domestic use. Ultra low wind turbines made out of plastic fibers are used wind turbines directly coupled to air compressors, or conventional wind turbines used to power a battery on the roof top off the load the turbine may be used to lift the water from lower water storage to overhead.

Solar panel to charge the battery continuously. Controller to control the spikes produced by the solar and wind after generation Inverters Batteries The typical layout of the power plant is as shown in below

CHAPTER 4

ADVANTAGES
As the technology of solar collectors and small wind turbine generators has advanced in past decades, so has the industry in terms of efficiency in manufacturing and fabrication technologies, as well as direct labour cost. 1. Very high reliability (combines wind power, and solar power)

2. Long term Sustainability 3. High energy output (since both are complimentary to each other) 4. Cost saving (only one time investment) 5. Low maintenance cost (there is nothing to replace) 6. Long term warranty 7. No pollution, no noise, and deadly against environment pollution 8. Clean and pure energy

CHAPTER 5

APPLICATIONS

The standalone system can be used, since it can be deployed anywhere with minimal space utilization. The capacity of standalone system ranges from 500VA to 5KVA. For large scale commercial and industrial applications, separately mounted wind turbine and solar panels are used to engineer the required capacity requirements can be accommodated. Typical applications include: 1. Hotels 2. Business (Institutions and Government) 3. Large Estate Houses 4. Factories and manufacturing facilities 5. Commercial Power generation 6. Street lighting

CHAPTER 6

TECHNICAL PARAMETER

For higher capacity rotar diameter and solar panel sizes varies.

CHAPTER 7

DISADVANTAGES
1. Large number of harmonics is produced. 2. Initial investment is more. 3. Large space is required for larger generations 4. Wind energy systems are noisy in operation; a large unit can be heard many kilometers away. 5. Efficiency is less than conventional power plants. These costs are all brought together, using discounted cash flow , here. Inherently, renewable are on a decreasing cost curve, while non-renewable are on an increasing cost curve. In 2009, costs are comparable among wind, nuclear, coal, and natural gas, but for CSPconcentrating solar powerand PV (photovoltaics) they are somewhat higher. There are additional costs for renewable in terms of increased grid interconnection to allow for variability of weather and load, but these have been shown in the case to be quite lowoverall, wind energy costs about the same as present-day power.

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
This project can be done cost effective by utilization of low cost wind turbine made up of plastic fibers. Research of using titanium dioxide for solar panels has been on. Due to the utilization of hybrid, the cost of power production by only solar consuming large amount of lands is minimised. By this project many villages can be lighted. For villages which are much away from the construction site of large power generating stations such as hydro and nuclear can be provided power.

CHAPTER 9

BIBILIOGRAPHY
[1] Markvart Tomas 1994, 2000: Solar Electricity: West Sussex, England John Wiley & Sons. [2] Patel Mukund R 1999: - Wind and Solar Power Systems CRC Press LLC. [3] Hecht, Eugene 1987 Optics 2nd Edition Addison-Wesley [4] www.windenergy.com [5] www.solar4power.com [6] www.weathersea.co.za [7] www.icon.co.za/~sawea