POWER SUPPLY

Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system that supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called a power supply unit or PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY IC7805 In electronics, a linear regulator is a voltage regulator based on an active device ,operating in its "linear region" (or passive devices like zener diodes operated in their breakdown region. The regulating device is made to act like a variable resistor, continuously adjusting a voltage divider network to maintain a constant output voltage. Fixed regulators

An assortment of 78xx series Ics "Fixed" three-terminal linear regulators are commonly available to generate fixed voltages of plus 3 V, and plus or minus 5 V, 9 V, 12 V, or 15 V when the load is less than about 7 amperes.

The "78xx" series (7805, 7812, etc.) regulate positive voltages while the "79xx" series (7905, 7912, etc.) regulate negative voltages. Often, the last two digits of the device number are the output voltage; eg, a 7805 is a +5 V regulator, while a 7915 is a -15 V regulator. The 78xx series ICs can supply up to 1.5 Amperes depending on the model. CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION OF POWER SUPPLY The power supplies used in the project is:

Diode IN 4007 1

78XX
2

+9V 3 .01F + _

Input

GND Fig.: Regulated Power Supply.

CHAP 5

CHAPTER 3
ELECTRONIC COMPONENT RESISTOR DIODE CAPACITOR CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CONNECTING HEAD PHONE DC MOTOR DTMF DECODER

Chapter 3
Resistors
These are current resisting devices. These are made of carbon. Metallic wire wound etc. The resistances are passive components that resist the flow of current through them. The resistance of a substance is inversely proportional to its area of cross-section (A)& directly proportional to its length (L) i.e. R= p* (L/A) Where p= Resistively

CARACITORS
This is the storage devices but had in built Resistance thats why the storage voltage does not last for longer period. The use of capacitor is for tuning the circuit, filtering the nose to ground, creating the timing pulse as in our case.

ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
These capacitors have electrolyte as the dielectric between the two plates. These are available with polarity +ve and these are available with vertical mount or horizontal mount configuration.

DIODES
These devices allow current to flow in only one direction. These devices are also called unidirectional devices.

DIODE TYPES
Diodes are of different types like photodiode Varactor diode, Schotkey Diode, PIN diode, Zener Diode etc,

IN4007 SILICON RECTIFIER DIODE

This is general purpose silicon rectifier diode which is widely and very commonly used in a day to day life for the purpose of rectification and they are utilized for the successful conversion of alternating current to direct current. They are generally used to implement rectifier bridge in power supplies to achieve the above stated goal. This can be used for a wide range of voltage ranging from 50V to 1000V and the maximum amount of current it can withstand is 1A.

1N4007 Silicon Diode Rectifier

Features:

Low cost. Low leakage. Low forward voltage drop. High current capability. Polarity: Color band denotes cathode end.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

In a forward biased diode, free electrons cross the junction and fall in to holes. As these electrons fall from a higher to a lower energy level, they radiate energy. In ordinary diodes this energy goes off in the form of heat. But in the light emitting diode (LED) the energy radiates as light. LEDs that radiate red, green, yellow, blue, orange or infrared are manufactured by using elements like gallium. Arsenic, and phosphorous, LEDs that produce visible radiations are useful with instruments, calculators etc.

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