Orthographic Projections: Engineering Drawing Basics

Orthographic Projections
Engineering Drawing Basics

Hareesha N G Dept of Aeronautical Engg Dayananda Sagar College of Engg Bangalore-78
3/26/2012
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
DRAWINGS: ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about:

If compared with Verbal or Written Description, Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.
Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
3/26/2012
Drawings (Some Types)

Portraits ( human faces, expressions etc.) Engineering Drawings, (projections.)
Nature Drawings ( landscape, Geographical scenery etc.) Drawings ( maps etc.)
Botanical Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.)
Zoological Drawings (creatures, animals etc.)
Building Related Drawings.
Machine component Drawings
Orthographic Projections
(Fv,Tv & Sv.-Mech.Engg terms) (Plan, Elevation- Civil Engg.terms) (Working Drawings 2-D type)
Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.) or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)
3/26/2012
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
IT IS A TECHNICAL DRAWING IN WHICH DIFFERENT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ARE PROJECTED ON DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESPECTIVE REFERENCE PLANE
Different Reference planes are Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Frontal Plane ( VP ) Side Or Profile Plane ( PP)
And
Different Views are Front View (FV), Top View (TV) and Side View (SV)
FV is a view projected on VP. TV is a view projected on HP. SV is a view projected on PP.
IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:
1 Planes. 2 Pattern of planes & Pattern of views 3 Methods of drawing Orthographic Projections
3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 4
VP
2nd Quad. 1ST Quad.
Observer
X Y
X
HP
3rd Quad.
4th Quad.
THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, 3/26/2012 5 IT IS FURTHER USED TO Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY.
1
PRINCIPAL PLANES HP AND VP
PLANES
AUXILIARY PLANES
Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A.V.P.)
Auxiliary Inclined Plane (A.I.P.)
Profile Plane ( P.P.)
A.V.P.
to Hp & to Vp
PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)

THIS IS A PICTORIAL SET-UP OF ALL THREE PLANES. ARROW DIRECTION IS A NORMAL WAY OF OBSERVING THE OBJECT. BUT IN THIS DIRECTION ONLY VP AND A VIEW ON IT (FV) CAN BE SEEN. THE OTHER PLANES AND VIEWS ON THOSE CAN NOT BE SEEN.
PROCEDURE TO SOLVE ABOVE PROBLEM:TO MAKE THOSE PLANES ALSO VISIBLE FROM THE ARROW DIRECTION, A) HP IS ROTATED 900 DOUNWARD B) PP, 900 IN RIGHT SIDE DIRECTION. THIS WAY BOTH PLANES ARE BROUGHT IN THE SAME PLANE CONTAINING VP.
Click to view Animation
On clicking the button if a warning comes please click YES to continue, this program is safe for your pc.
Y X
VP FV LSV
PP
Y
TV HP
HP IS 3/26/2012 DOWNWARD ROTATED AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.
900
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS PP IS ROTATED IN RIGHT SIDE Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 7 DRAWN IN AND FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP. 900
Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections
First Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object
Third Angle Projections Method Here views are drawn by placing object
in 1st Quadrant
( Fv above X-y, Tv below X-y ) ( SYMBOLIC PRESENTATION OF BOTH METHODS WITH AN OBJECT STANDING ON HP ( GROUND) ON ITS BASE.
NOTE:HP term is used in Angle method & For the same Ground term is used Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru in 3rd Angle method of projections 1st
in 3rd Quadrant.
Tv above X-y, Fv below X-y )
FV
TV
X
TV
X
FV G
3/26/2012
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.
FOR T.V.
OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.

PP FV LSV
VP
X
TV HP
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN 3/26/2012 FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )
FOR T.V.
PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.
TV
X
LSV
Y
FV
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
3/26/2012
10
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS { MACHINE ELEMENTS }

OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS. THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES. AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE PLANES. THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE VIEW. FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP ) TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP ) SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )
FIRST STUDY THE CONCEPT OF 1ST AND 3RD ANGLE PROJECTION METHODS AND THEN STUDY NEXT 26 ILLUSTRATED CASES CAREFULLY. TRY TO RECOGNIZE SURFACES PERPENDICULAR TO THE ARROW DIRECTIONS 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 11
FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT MEANS ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.
FOR T.V.
OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.

PP FV LSV
VP
X
TV HP
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS IN 3/26/2012 FIRST ANGLE METHOD OF PROJECTIONS
12
THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

IN THIS METHOD, THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT ( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )
FOR T.V.
PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.
TV
X
LSV
Y
FV
ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS
3/26/2012
13
FOR T.V.
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN TOP VIEW DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODBengaluru
14
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
15
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTIONN G, DSCE, Bengaluru 3/26/2012 Hareesha METHOD
16
4
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
17
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT Hareesha N G, DSCE, BY 3/26/2012ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD Bengaluru FIRST
TOP VIEW
18
6
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
19
7
FOR T.V.
FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW
20
STUDY Z ILLUSTRATIONS
FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
FRONT VIEW 50
X
20
25
25
20
TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODBengaluru
21
9
TOP VIEW
22
10
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW THREE VIEWS OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
3/26/2012
TOP VIEW
23
FOR T.V.
11
TOP VIEW
24
12
FOR T.V.
L.H.SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
3/26/2012
TOP VIEW
25
13
FOR T.V.
35
FV
35 10
10
20
30
40 70
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW 3/26/2012 FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT Bengaluru Hareesha N G, DSCE, BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
TV
26
FOR T.V.
14
FV
30
10
30
SV
30
10 30
TV
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
27
FOR T.V.
15
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV
10 40 60
40
TV
60
28

16
x
10
40
60
3/26/2012
40 60
TOP VIEW
29
17
FRONT VIEW 40 20
L.H.SIDE VIEW 30 SQUARE
50
20
X
O
10 30
Y
F.V.
60
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
S.V.
30
FOR T.V.
18
FV
40
O
30 D
10 45
10
O
50
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
80
TV
FOR T.V.
19
FV X
10
40
O
100
10
25
TV
30 R
10
30
10
25
20 D
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 32
3/26/2012
FOR T.V.
20
30
FV
RECT. SLOT
10 35
50
10 X 20 D
TV
60 D 30 D
3/26/2012
TOP VIEW
33
21
10
25
15
25 40 10 25
25
O
80 25
F.V.
S.V.
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHODBengaluru
34
22
450
30
FV
40
X
30 D
40
TV
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY 3/26/2012ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD Bengaluru FIRST Hareesha N G, DSCE,
15 40
35
23
HEX PART
20
30 20 40
20
50
O
20 15
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN FRONT VIEW DRAW FV ABD SV OF THIS OBJECTDSCE, Bengaluru 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
100
30 60 L.H.SIDE VIEW
36
FOR T.V.
20
FRONT VIEW 40
24
F.V.
30
10
X
10
30 10 30
80 TOP VIEW
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN T.V. 3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru DRAW FV AND TV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
37
25
10 10 15
25
25
O
FV
50
10
LSV
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND LSV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
26
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION IS GIVEN DRAW FV AND SV OF THIS OBJECT BY FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION METHOD
30
20
10
20 15
10
15
O
30 15
15
X
50
Y
3/26/2012
F.V.
LEFT S.V.
39
PROBLEM: A SQUARE PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A CYLINDER WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.
14
FV
30 10 30
30 D
50
50
TV
3/26/2012
40
15
PROBLEM: A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH FACES OF PLATE. ITS FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW.
FV
30
10
30
40 SQUARE
TV
60 D
3/26/2012
41
10
16
F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
20 40
FV
40
TV
50 D 30 D
3/26/2012
42
STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS
ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE
17
450 300
Isom. Scale
r
R r
r
P
C
r R R R r
C
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A HEMISPHERE Adopt same procedure. Draw lower semicircle only. Then around C construct Rhombus of Sides equal to Isometric Diameter. For this use iso-scale. Then construct ellipse in this Rhombus as usual And Complete Isometric-Projection of Hemi-sphere.
P
P C = Center of Sphere. P = Point of contact R = True Radius of Sphere r = Isometric Radius.
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE 1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. 2. LOCATE ITS CENTER. NAME IT P. 3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH r mm AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE C 4. C AS CENTER, WITHN G, DSCE, DRAW CIRCLE. Hareesha RADIUS R Bengaluru THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.
3/26/2012
43
PROBLEM: A HEMI-SPHERE IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A FRUSTOM OF CONE. DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF THE ASSEMBLY.
18
STUDY ILLUSTRATIONS
r
50 D
R
30 D 50
r
r P
50 D FIRST CONSTRUCT ISOMETRIC SCALE. USE THIS SCALE FOR ALL DIMENSIONS IN THIS PROBLEM.
450 300
19
A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 40 MM BASE SIDES AND 60 MM AXIS IS CUT BY AN INCLINED SECTION PLANE THROUGH THE MID POINT OF AXIS AS SHOWN.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SECTION OF PYRAMID.
3 4 4 3 12
X
1 a 1 4 2 o 2 3 c d
3/26/2012
45
20
50
X
20
25
25
20
3/26/2012
46
21
35
FV
35 10
10
20
30
40 70
O
TV
47
22
F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
FV
30
10
30
SV
30
10 30
TV
ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL
3/26/2012
48
24
10 40 60
40
TV
60
3/26/2012
49
25
x
10
40
60
40 60
TV
3/26/2012
50
26
FRONT VIEW
L.H.SIDE VIEW 20 20
x
20 30
20
50
20
20
20
TOP VIEW
3/26/2012
51
27
F.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw its isometric view.
30 SQUARE 40 20
50
20 10
30
F.V.
O
60
S.V.
3/26/2012
52
28
FV
40
O
30 D
10 45
10
50
80
TV
3/26/2012
53
29
FV X
10
40
O
100
10
25
TV
30 R
10
30
10
25
O
20 D
3/26/2012
54
30
30
FV
RECT. SLOT
10 35
50
10 X
O
20 D
TV
60 D 30 D
3/26/2012
55
31
10
25
15
25 40 10 25
25
O
80 25
F.V.
S.V.
3/26/2012
56
32
450
30
FV
40
O
30 D
40
TV
O
15 40
57
33
HEX PART
20
30 20 40
20
50
O
20 15
O
100
30 60
3/26/2012
58
20
40
34
F.V.
30
10
X
10
30 10 30
O T.V.
80
59
35
10
10
15 25
25
O
FV
Y
50 10
LSV
36
NOTE THE SMALL CHZNGE IN 2ND FV & SV. DRAW ISOMETRIC ACCORDINGLY.
10
Y
FV 3/26/2012
LSV
Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 60
37
30
20
10
20 15
10
15
O
30 15
15
X
3/26/2012
O
50
F.V. Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru
LEFT S.V. 61
38
30
10
60
30
40 F.V.
40 S.V.
3/26/2012
62

Orthographic Projections: Engineering Drawing Basics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthographic Projections: Engineering Drawing Basics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Orthographic Projections

Engineering Drawing Basics

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

DRAWINGS: ( A Graphical Representation) The Fact about:

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Drawings (Some Types)

Nature Drawings ( landscape, Geographical scenery etc.) Drawings ( maps etc.)

Botanical Drawings ( plants, flowers etc.)

Zoological Drawings (creatures, animals etc.)

Building Related Drawings.

Machine component Drawings

Isometric ( Mech.Engg.Term.) or Perspective(Civil Engg.Term) (Actual Object Drawing 3-D)

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

FV is a view projected on VP. TV is a view projected on HP. SV is a view projected on PP.

IMPORTANT TERMS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS:

Auxiliary Vertical Plane (A.V.P.)

Auxiliary Inclined Plane (A.I.P.)

Profile Plane ( P.P.)

3/26/2012 Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru 6

PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS (First Angle Method)

HP IS 3/26/2012 DOWNWARD ROTATED AND BROUGHT IN THE PLANE OF VP.

Methods of Drawing Orthographic Projections

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS { MACHINE ELEMENTS }

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION

OBJECT IS INBETWEEN OBSERVER & PLANE.

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION

PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT AND INBETWEEN OBSERVER & OBJECT.

ACTUAL PATTERN OF PLANES & VIEWS OF THIRD ANGLE PROJECTIONS

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

L.H.SIDE VIEW 30 SQUARE

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

FOR T.V. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

ALL VIEWS IDENTICAL FV SV

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru

Hareesha N G, DSCE, Bengaluru