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= = =
The number of moles in the system using ideal gas law is
| |
5 3
1
3
1
1.17 10 25
1200 mol
Pa.m
8.314 293
.
PV x Pa m
n
RT
x K
K mol
= = =
For ideal gases, we know that internal energy is only a function of temperature and the change can be
expressed as follows.
2 1
( ) U Cv T T A =
But C
V
=C
P
-R
C
V
=30-8.314=21.686
kJ
21.686(380.9 293) 1.906
mol
U A = =
The total internal energy change will be then
1.906 1200 2287.2kJ U U n A = A = =
Using first Law of thermodynamics for closed system:
10
2287.2kJ ( 875.1kJ)
3162.5kJ
U Q W
Q U W
Q
Q
= +
=
=
=
c) The % of Q used to increase the temperature of the system is
| |
| |
2287.2 kJ
*100 72.3%
3162.5 kJ
U
Q
= =
% of Q converted to Work
100% - 72.3% = 27.7%
d) (Option 1) Logical arguments followed by ideal gas law: The system is adiabatic so there is
no heat transfer; Q=0. Since the piston-cylinder arrangement still exists, the pressure is
constant. We dont need any heat to bring the elevator to its initial position so there is no heat
supply. Due to these reasons, the temperature will be constant. So to bring the elevator to its
initial position V=7.5 m
3
amount of gas should be released while the gas temperature is at
380.9K. So using Ideal gas law.
V=7.5 m
3
; P=1.17 x10
5
Pa; T=380.9K
| |
5 3
3
1.17 10 Pa 7.5m
277.1 mol
Pa.m
8.314 380.9K
K.mol
PV nRT
PV x
n
RT
=
= = =
(Option 2) Mathematical argument: Here we note that the system is open.
The mass and energy balance is:
( ) and
out
dn d dn dV
n nU H Q P
dt dt dt dt
= = +
(i) Note that Q=0 (ii) P=constant; (iii) the gas is ideal
(iv) The Pressure and temperature of the gas leaving is the same as the gas inside.
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
Noting that for an ideal gas is :
0 0
dU dn dn d nRT dn dT d
n U H P H U nCv R nT
dt dt dt dt P dt dt dt
dn dT dT dn
H U nCv R n T
dt dt dt dt
H U RT
dn dT dT dn dT dT dU
RT nCv nR RT n Cv R
dt dt dt dt dt dt dt
| |
+ = = +
|
\ .
(
= + +
(
= + + + = = =
Thus T
3
=T
2
=380.1K
11
( )
| |
3
3 3
3
2 2
or,
with P and T constant
25
0.7692 0.7692 1200mol 923mol
32.5
277mol
dn dn dV
H U RT P
dt dt dt
dn P dV
dt RT dt
n V m
x
n V m
n
= =
=
= = = =
A =
Problem 4: Consider 2 moles of an ideal gas in a piston-cylinder assembly at 25
o
C, 0.5MPa and
volume V. The gas is expanded isothermally to twice its original volume, then cooled isobarically to its
original V. It was then heated at constant volume to 25
o
C. Sketch the process; calculate the work done
at each step and the total work done on the system. You may assume that each process is reversible.
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