Behavior of Gases--Schedule and Homework (15 Days) Topic(s) Reading

Homewo

he Kinetic Theory Applied to Gases as Pressure and Factors Affecting Gas Pressure

15.1 Pressure, pp 378 - 382

Concept Review 1 - 6, p. 38 Supplemental Problem 1

ab: Formula of a Hydrate

Lab Write-Up

Lab Write-Up

as Pressure and Factors Affecting Gas Pressure

Concept Review 1 - 6, p. 38 Supplemental Problem 1

oyle's Law Activity

15.2 Motion and Physical States, pp 383 - 384

Boyle's Law Activity Questi

pplying Boyle's Law harles's Law

18.1 Variable Conditions, pp. 452 - 456

Supplemental Problems: 2 -

as Laws Calculations

18.1 Charles's Law, pp 460 - 465

Gas Law Questions Worksh

he Combined Gas Law tandard Temperature and Pressure

18.2 Combined Gas Law, p 463

Supplemental Problems: 8 -

ressure-Temperature Relationship Activity

18.2 Combined Gas Law, p 463

Pressure-Temperature Activ

as Stoichiometry alton's Law of Partial Pressures

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, pp 457 - 458

Pre-Lab: Molar Volume of H

Molar Volume of H2 Gas Lab

Molar Volume of H2 Gas Lab

Write-Up: Molar Volume of

as Stoichiometry Problems

19.2 Gas Stoichiometry, pp 485 - 488

Practice Problems 17, 18 p. Practice Problems 19, 23 p.

Molecular Velocities

18.2 Diffusion and Graham's Law, pp 464 - 466

Supplemental Problems: 13

More Gas Stoichiometry, Partial Pressure, and Molecular Velocity roblems

18.2 Diffusion and Graham's Law, pp 464 - 466

Supplemental Problems: 16

Unit 4 Test Review

Chapter 12 Study Guide (Neglect Section 12.4)

Study!!

Unit 4 Test

Review Relevant Sections in Chapters 15, 18, and 19

Pre-Lab: Specific Heat

Labs: Boyle's Law, Pressure-Temperature Relationship, Molar Volume of H2 Supplemental Problems: 1) Pressure can be measured in a variety of units. The pressure we feel under average conditions at sea level is defines as 1 atmosphere ( 1 atm ). One atmosphere is equivalent to 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), 760 Torr, 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi) and 101.3 Kilopascals (KPa). Use this information to convert perform the conversions below:

a)

The atmospheric pressure on Venus = 9000 KPa. Convert this to to atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), and pounds per square inch (psi). The typical pressure in the tires of automobiles is 35 psi. Convert to KPa, mm Hg, and atm.

b)

Use Boyle's Law (P1V1 = P2V2) to answer the following questions: 2) 4.00 g of helium gas at 1.00 atm and 0 oC occupy a volume of 22.4 liters. What would the volume be at 1.75 atm and 0 oC? 3) A two-liter vessel contains gas at 81 KPa. If the volume of the vessel were decreased by 400 mL, what would be the new pressure? 4) A 2.50-liter sample of dry air in a cylinder exerts a pressure of 3.00 atmospheres at 25 oC. Without change in temperature, a piston is moved until the pressure in the cylinder is reduced to 1.00 atmosphere. What is the volume of the gas? The Celsius temperature scale (oC) assigns a value of "0" to the freezing point of water and "100" to the boiling point of water. The Kelvin scale (K) is similar, except it defines "0" to be -273 oC. Convert between the two temperature systems by using the following:
o

C = K - 273 or K = oC + 273

5) Convert the following from oC to K: a) The melting point of water 0 oC b) The boiling point of water 100 oC c) The melting point of helium -272.2 oC d) the boiling point of helium -268.9 oC Convert the following from K to oC: e) the melting point of copper 1356 K f) the melting point of aspirin 308 K 6) In Figure18.9 on page 461 of your text: a) What is the relationship between volume and temperature? b) What seems to happen to the volume of a gas as the temperature approaches -273 oC (or 0 K)?

The relationship between volume and temperature is known as Charles's Law. When using Charles's Law it is important that you convert all temperatures to Kelvin. Volume is proportional to temperature when they are measured in Kelvin and Kelvin temperatures avoid negative numbers. V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 7) Predict the effect of changing the temperatures on the gas samples given below: a) 2.97 m3 at 72 oC to 144 oC b) 1 L at 298 K to 0 oC 8) If 1.00 X 102 mL of a gas at 10 oC are heated to 20 oC, what will be the approximate volume of the gas? (Pressure and # of molecules are kept constant.) A more useful mathematical expression for working with gases combines Boyle's and Charles's Law. (Remember Temps must be in Kelvins!) V1P1 / T1 = V2P2 / T2 9) Freon-12 (CCl2F2) is a chlorofluorocarbon used as a refrigerant that has been implicated in depleting the ozone layer. A typical refrigerator contains 1.25 L of gaseous freon-12 at a pressure of 5.00 KPa and a temperature of -2.00 oC. Calculate the volume the gas would occupy at atmospheric pressure (101.3 KPa) and room temperature (25.00 oC). 10) At 0 oC and 760 mm Hg pressure, one mole of a gas is 22.4 L. Typical surface conditions on Earth and Mars are shown at right. What volume would one mole of a gas occupy on the surface of both planets? Earth: Temp = 23 oC Press = 760 mm Hg Mars: Temp = -23 oC Press = 4.0 mm Hg

11) Compressed oxygen gas is sold at a pressure of 130 atmospheres in steel cylinders of 40 liters volume. (Assume 25 oC.) Hint--find what the volume would be at STP.1 a) How many moles of oxygen are in one of these cylinders? b) How many kilograms of oxygen are in one of these cylinders? 12) At STP 1 mole of any gas = 22.4 L. Use this relationship to solve the stoichiometry (mole hghway) problem below: Baking soda, NaHCO3, reacts with vinegar according to the balance reaction shown below. 15.0 g of baking soda would produce how many liters of carbon dioxide gas at STP? CH3COOH + NaHCO3 H2O + CO2 + CH3COONa 13) Sulfur (S8) reacts with oxygen gas to produce sulfur dioxide gas. 50.0 g of S8 would require how many liters of oxygen to react completely at STP? 14) A vessel contains equal numbers of oxygen and hydrogen molecules. The pressure is 760 mm Hg when the volume is 50 liters. Which of these statements is FALSE? a) On the average, the hydrogen molecules are traveling faster than the oxygen molecules. b) On the average, more hydrogen molecules strike the walls per second than oxygen molecules. c) If the oxygen were removed from the system the pressure would drop to 190 mm Hg.

d) Equal numbers of moles of each gas are present. e) The average kinetic energies of oxygen and hydrogen molecules are the same. 15) In the reaction NH3 + O2 gives NO + H2O, how many liters of oxygen are required to react with 4.48 liters of ammonia? All gases are measured at STP.

16) A reaction that produces iron from iron ore is: Fe2O3 + CO gives Fe + CO2 a) How many grams of CO are needed to produce 1.0 X 10 3 grams of Fe? b) How many liters of CO (at STP) are needed to produce 1.0 X 10 3 grams of Fe?

17) Use the stoichiometric relationships ("mole highway") in the above reaction to answer the following: 2 NH3 (g) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) a) 6.0 L of NH3 at STP could produce how many L of N2 at STP? b) 6.0 L of NH3 at STP could produce how many moles of N2? c) 6.0 L of NH3 at STP could produce how many grams of N2? d) 6.0 L of NH3 at STP could produce how many molecules of N2? e) 6.0 L of NH3 at 2 atm and 25 oC could produce how many grams of N2? 18) In the lab experiment, Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid, the following unbalanced reaction occurred: Mg (s) + HCl (aq) H2 (g) + MgCl2 (aq) Magnesium metal was reacted with hydrochloric acid to produce H2 gas, which was collected by displacing water. The atmospheric pressure of the laboratory was 765 mm Hg and room temperature is 20 oC . The vapor pressure of water at 20 oC is 17 mm Hg. Use this information to answer the questions below: a) Balance the reaction. b) 0.25 g of Mg would produce how many liters of H2 (g) at STP? c) Use the atmospheric pressure and the vapor pressure of water to calculate the pressure of H 2 (g). d) Use the combined gas law and your answer to c) to find the volume of H2 under these non-standard conditions.