SELF ASSESSMENT 1

Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. All internal combustion engines depend on the exothermic chemical process of combustion. b. Air / Nitrous Oxide is used as an oxidizer with fuel for the combustion process. c. Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition are the two types of internal combustion engines. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Name the types of engine according to number of strokes required per cycle. Four-stroke and two-stroke engines. b. Give names of the cooling methods employed in an I.C. engines. Water cooling and air cooling. c. Enlist the name of gases released by fossil fuels during combustion which results in environment pollution. Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

SELF ASSESSMENT 2
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. In spark-ignition engines the fuel-air mixture is ignited with a spark. b. The ideal cycle on which S.I. Engine may work is Otto cycle. c. The pressure ratio of an S.I. Engine is around 8:1 to 10:1. d. S.I. Engines are quantity governed by the opening and closing of throttle valve. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What are the fuels that can be used in spark ignition engines other than petrol? Auto gas (LPG), methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), hydrogen and nitro-methane. b. By which process the fuel and air are mixed in the proper ratio and name the device used for it? Carburetion + Carburettor. c. In what range air-fuel ratio must lie in between? Also name the corresponding mixture. 8:1 (lean mixture) 20:1 (rich mixture).

SELF ASSESSMENT 3
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. The ideal cycle on which C.I. Engine may work is diesel cycle. b. The pressure ratio of a C.I Engine is around 14:1 to 25:1. c. C.I. Engines are quality governed by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied. Answer the following questions briefly. a. How ignition of atomized fuel is accomplished in C.I. Engines? Atomized fuel is ignited with the help of the heat from compression of air. b. What is the purpose of turbocharger and its effect on the C.I. Engine? A turbocharger is used to compress the intake air, to significantly increase the efficiency of a C.I. engine. c. Why it is difficult to start C.I. Engines than equivalent S.I. Engine? Due to the greater compression force required and the increased weight of the stronger components, starting a diesel engine is a harder task.

SELF ASSESSMENT 4
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. The intake and exhaust valves in 4-stroke petrol engine are operated by cam and follower mechanism. b. The piston rings pressurize against the wall of the cylinder to prevent leakage. c. Crank shaft converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion. Answer the following questions briefly. a. How spark plug is powered? It is generally powered by the generator/alternator coupled to the engine. b. What is the purpose of flywheel? The purpose of the flywheel is to store up the energy for idle strokes. c. How the motion of the piston is transmitted to crank shaft? The motion of the piston is transmitted to crank shaft via connecting rod.

SELF ASSESSMENT 5
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. Both intake and exhaust valve are closed on the compression and power stroke in four stroke engine. b. Piston transmits the pressure of burnt gases to crank through connecting rod. c. Intake and exhaust valves are opened during intake and exhaust stroke respectively. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What is the purpose of fuel injector in Diesel Engines? It atomizes the fuel for better combustion. b. Discuss the purpose of air filter. Its purpose is to clean the polluted air coming from atmosphere into the cylinder. c. What does the intake manifold do in Diesel Engine? The intake manifold of the diesel engine allows air to enter the cylinder.

SELF ASSESSMENT 6
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. Transfer port supplies fuel and air mixture from the crank case. b. Air fuel mixture enters the crank case via intake port. c. If there is too much fuel mixed with air the engine runs rich. Answer the following questions briefly. a. How the exhaust and transfer ports are opened and closed? Exhaust and transfer port are opened and closed by the position of the piston. b. Why lubricating oil is mixed with the fuel in two-stroke petrol engine? In two-stroke petrol engine oil is mixed with the fuel, (known as 'petroil') and it reaches all moving parts of the engine for lubrication. c. When and how intake port opens in a two-stroke petrol engine? When piston moves upward it creates low pressure region in crank case resulting in opening of intake valve.

SELF ASSESSMENT 7
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. In two-stroke diesel engine air is forced directly into the combustion chamber with the help of blower. b. In air cooling system cooling fins are used to cool down the engine. c. Cylinder block holds and supports the moving parts in proper relative position. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What is the function of the piston? It transmits the pressure of burnt gases to crank shaft via connecting rod. b. What is scavenging? The process during which the fresh charge simultaneously replaces the burned gases. c. Define the function of cylinder head. Inlets and outlets are fixed in cylinder head.

SELF ASSESSMENT 8
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. During intake stroke air-fuel mixture is sucked inside the combustion chamber due to vacuum created by downward moving piston. b. During compression stroke air-fuel mixture is pressurized to its ignition temperature. c. The introduction of spark is considered as the heat addition process in Otto cycle. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Why four-stroke petrol engine is so called? Because it completes its one cycle by accomplishing four strokes for two revolutions of crank shaft. b. Define stroke of the piston? The displacement of the piston from TDC to BDC or vice versa is a stroke of piston. c. Define the terms Top Dead Centre (TDC) and Bottom Dead Centre (BDC). The extreme position of the piston while moving upward is known as TDC while the extreme bottom position is known as BDC.

SELF ASSESSMENT 9
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. During suction stroke only air is forced into the combustion chamber in four stroke diesel engine. b. In four stroke diesel engine fuel is injected into the combustion chamber via injector during entire power stroke. c. The ideal cycle for diesel engine is also known as constant pressure cycle. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Diesel engine is heavier than its petrol counterpart, justify yourself. Due to the greater compression force required the components of the engine should be stronger due to which the weight of the diesel engine is greater. b. Give names of the idle strokes which do not provide us the work output. Intake, Compression and Exhaust strokes are the idle strokes. c. Among the two which engine is more environmental friendly the diesel engine or the petrol engine? Diesel engine is more environmental friendly b/c they produce very little carbon monoxide, as they burn the fuel in excess air even at full load. However, they can produce black soot which consists of unburned carbon compounds.

SELF ASSESSMENT 10
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. In two stroke petrol engine some of the fresh charge is also removed with exhaust gases during scavenging. b. There is only one idle stroke in two stroke engine. c. Both the exhaust and intake ports remains closed until the piston completes 80 percent of the power stroke. Answer the following questions briefly. a. When piston moves upward what happens in the crank case? Inlet port is opened for entering the new charge into the crank case due to vacuum created by the upward moving piston. b. What are the processes that are accomplished when piston moves from TDC to BDC? Expansion of burned fuel and removal of exhaust gases accompanied with the introduction of fresh charge into the cylinder. c. Why the two stroke engine is so called? Because it completes its one cycle in two strokes of the piston.

SELF ASSESSMENT 11
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. Blowers are used for forced induction of air in two-stroke diesel engine. b. Exhaust gases are removed from exhaust valves in two-stroke diesel engine. c. The shape of the crank is designed in such a way that it can scatter the lubricating oil to the reciprocating parts of the engine. Answer the following questions briefly. a. In how many crank revolutions the two stroke cycle is accomplished? In one reolution of crank shaft. b. Name the types of scavenging methods employed in two stroke engines? Cross-flow scavenging, uni-flow scavenging and loop scavenging. c. What does the atomization of fuel means? The breaking away of the fuel into minute liquid particles is known as atomization of fuel.

SELF ASSESSMENT 12
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of brake power to the indicated power. b. The power delivered by an internal combustion engine is only determined by fuel and air is not a factor. c. The power measured at the flywheel of the engine is known as brake horse power. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What are the types of the dynamometer?

b. How the indicated power, frictional power and brake power are related? indicated power = frictional power + brake power c. Define the horse power. When a machine does a work of 33,000 foot pounds in one minute it is equivalent to 1 horse power..

SELF ASSESSMENT 13
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. The water cooling is also known as indirect cooling system. b. After water extract heat from the engine, it passes through a radiator, which transfers the heat from water to the air. c. Engine runs best when its coolant is around 200 degrees Fahrenheit. Answer the following questions briefly. a. What are the major heat losses in the engine? Majority of the heat losses are taken away by exhaust gases and cooling system. b. What will be the effect of excessive heat on the engine and its performance if there is no cooling system? It will reduce the life of the engine components, may cause pre-ignitions due to excessive heat and will also reduce the performance of the lubrication system of the engine.

SELF ASSESSMENT 14
Fill the blanks with appropriate answers. a. The main purpose of the lubrication is to reduce the wear and tear between the moving parts of the engine. b. Lubricating oil also dissipates the heat generated due to friction of the moving parts. Answer the following questions briefly. a. Which types of lubrication are employed in S.I. and C.I. Engines? Splash Lubrication and Forced Lubrication. b. Apart from reducing wear and tear what lubricating oil should be able to do? It must also dissipate heat generated due to friction and must be able to hold the nasty by-products of fuel combustion such as silica (silicon oxide) and carbon particles.

What are the major heat losses in the engine? Major heat losses are in exhaust gases and cooling system of the engine.