Geometry Equations

Page Menu Triangles Area Surface Area Perimeter & Circumference Volume Miscellaneous

Geometry is a branch of pure mathematics that deals with the measurement, properties, and relationships of points, lines, angles, and two- and threedimensional figures. Geometry Facts

The sum of the interior angles of a triangle are equal to 180 The sum of the interior angles of a quadrilat eral are equal to 360 The sine of the angle is the ratio of the

length of the side opposite the angle to the length of the hypotenu se. The cosine of the angle is the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to the angle to the length of the hypotenu se. The tangent of the angle is the ratio of the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of side adjacent to the angle.

The cotange nt of the angle is the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to the angle to the length of the side opposite the angle. The secant of the angle is the ratio of the length of the hypotenu se to the length of the side adjacent to the angle The cosecant of the angle is the ratio of the length of the hypotenu

se to the length of the opposite side

Triangles

Name

Description

Right Angled A Right Angled triangle has one 90 angle. Obtuse Acute Equilateral Isosceles Scalene An Obtuse triangle has one angle that is greater than 90. An Acute triangle has all three angles less than 90. An Equilateral triangle has all three sides the same length. All internal angles will be 60. An Isosceles triangle has two sides with the same length. A Scalene triangle has all three sides different lengths.

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Area

Shape Square Rectangle Parallelogram

Summary X X*Y X*Y

Explanation Multiply the base measurement by itself Base multiplied by height Base multiplied by height

Trapezoid

Add the lengths of the two parallel sides (A+B) Divide this by two (A+B)*Y Multiply by the distance between the 2 parallel sides (height Y) Half the Base length multiplied by the height.

Triangle

B*H

NB: To calculate the area of a triangle where the height is unknown see Heron's Formula below Half the length of one of the sides multiplied by the height, then multiplied by 5

Pentagon

BH * 5

NB - this is the calculation for a regular pentagon. For an irregular Pentagon the area of each of the triangles needs to be calculated separately, then all the areas added together Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius (Radius = half the diameter) Divide the angle of the sector () by 360, multiply by Pi (n=3.14 approx), then multiply by the square of the radius (R*R) (Radius = half the diameter) Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by half the width (A) multiplied by half the height (B)

Circle

Sector

/360R

Ellipse

*A*B

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Perimeter and Circumference

Shape Square Rectangle Parallelogram

Summary 4X 2(X + Y) 2(X + Y)

Explanation Multiply the length of one side by 4 Add the length of one side to the height then multiply by 2 Add the length of one side to the height then multiply by 2

Trapezoid Triangle Circle

A+B+C Add the length of all four sides +D A+B+C 2R /180R + 2R 2 (A+B/2)

Add the length of all three sides. Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the radius multiplied by 2 (or Pi multiplied by the diameter) Multiply the angle of the sector () by Pi (n=3.14 approx) over 180 (=0.017 approx) Multiply this figure by by the radius (R) then add twice the radius Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by 2, multiplied by the square root of A squared (A*A) plus B squared (B*B) divided by 2

Sector

Ellipse

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Surface Area

Shape Cube

Summary 6X

Explanation Multiply the base measurement by itself (area of a square) Multiply this number by six

Rectangular Prism

Calculate the area of two sides (Length*Height) and multiply by 2 Calculate the area of adjacent sides 2(X*Y) + 2(X*Z) + 2(Y*Z) (Length*Width) and multiply by 2 Calculate the area of ends (Height*Width) and multiply by 2 Add the three areas together Calculate the area of both ends by adding the lengths of the two parallel sides (A+B) and multiply by the distance between them (H). (A+B)*H + AZ + BZ + 2YZ Calculate the area of the base (Length Z multiplied by Width A). Calculate the area of the top (Length Z multiplied by Width B).

Trapezoidal Prism

Calculate the area of the slanted sides (Length Z multiplied by Height Y) and multiply by 2 Add all the figures together. NB. For an irregular trapezoidal prism the area of all sides must be calcuated separately (as shown above) then added together. Calculate the area of two ends (Height * half the Base length) and multiply by 2 Calculate the area of the 3 sides (Length*Width) Add them all together Calcualte the area of the base (Width B multiplied by Height A) then divide by 2. Calculate the area of the three slanted sides (Width multiplied by half the Slant Height S) multiply by 3. Add both figures together.

Triangular Prism

2(B*H)+BL+CL+AL

Regular /2BA + 3/2BS

Triangular Pyramid

Calculate the area of all four Irregular triangles separately (as shown BA + BS + CS + DS above) then add together. Calculate the area of the base (same as area of a rectangle/square). Calculate the length of the base perimeter (2X+2Y), multiply this figure by the slant height of the slope (see Pythagorus' theorem below), divide this figure by 2. Add the two figures together Calculate the area of the base, Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius Calculate the area of the side, Pi multiplied by the radius (R) multilplied by the slant height (L) Add the two figures together

Pyramid

XY + [(2X + 2Y)*S]

Cone

R + RL = R(R + L)

Cylinder

Calculate the area of the base, Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius, multiply this by 2 2R+2RH = 2R(R + H) Calculate the area of the side, 2 times Pi multiplied by the radius, multiply this by the height Add the two figures together 4R Four times Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius (Radius = half the diameter)

Sphere

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Volume

Shape Cube Rectangular Prism

Summary X X*Y*Z

Explanation Multiply width by height by length. Multiply width by height by length. Calculate the area of one end by adding the lengths of the two parallel sides (A+B), divide this by two then multiply by the distance between the two parallel sides (height Y) Multiply by the length (Z) Multiply width by height by length then divide by 2 Calculate the area of the base by multiplying the width (B) by the height (A) then dividing by 2. Multiply the base area by the height (H) then divide by 3 Calculate the area of the base (X*Y), multiply by the height (H)

Trapezoidal Prism

(A+B)*Y*Z

Triangular Prism

B*H*L

Triangular Pyramid

/6ABH

Pyramid

/3(X*Y*H)

then divide by 3 Calculate the area of the base; Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius. Multiply this figure by the height then divide by 3 Calculate the area of the base; Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the square of the radius (R*R). Multiply this figure by the height. Pi (n=3.14 approx) multiplied by the cube of the radius (R*R*R) Multiply this figure by 4 then divide by 3

Cone

/3RH

Cylinder

RH

Sphere

/3R

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Miscellaneous

Pythagoras' Theorem states that: The square of the hypotenuse of a rightangled triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, a + b = c or c = (a + b) Pythagoras' Theorem This is the formula for calculating the length of the longest side (c) in a right angled triangle. In simple terms it means that if you add the squares of the two shorter sides together (a*a + b*b), the longest side (c) is the square root of that number.

Heron's Formula

Heron's Formula is used to calculate the area of a triangle when the length of all three sides (a, b and c) are known but the height of the triangle is not.