Introductory Biology Exam III Name ________________ PART I - Multiple choice.

Circle the correct answer for each question. 1. Deuterostomes include a. annelids b. echinoderms c. mollusks d. both a and c 2. Which of the following is a shared characteristic of all chordates? a. hair b. skull c. notochord d. vertebral column e. four-chambered heart 3. What is one characteristic which separates chordates from all other animals? a. true coelom b. hollow dorsal nerve cord c. blastopore, which becomes the anus d. bilateral symmetry e. segmentation 4. Some members have a cartilaginous endoskeleton. a. amphibia b. aves c. chondrichthyes d. mammalia e. reptilia 5. Three major groups: egg-laying, pouched, and placental. a. amphibia b. aves c. chondrichthyes d. mammalia e. reptilia 6. Includes salamanders, frogs and toads. a. amphibia b. aves c. chondrichthyes d. mammalia

e. reptilia 7. Includes snakes, turtles, and lizards. a. amphibia b. aves c. chondrichthyes d. mammalia e. reptilia 8. Which one of the following has a two-chambered heart? a. osteichthyes b. amphibia c. reptilia d. aves e. mammalia 9. Which of the following structures are characteristic of vertebrates? a. open circulatory system b. pharyngeal slits c. dorsal hollow nerve cord d. pharyngeal slits and dorsal hollow nerve cord e. open circulatory system, pharyngeal slits, and dorsal hollow nerve cord 10. All of the following are protostomes EXCEPT a. mollusks b. echinoderms c. segmented worms d. insects e. spiders 11. Which epithelial tissue varies in number of layers and shape? a. simple squamous b. simple cuboidal c. pseudostratified columnar d. stratified cuboidal e. stratified columnar 12. What is stratified cuboidal epithelium composed of? a. several layers of boxlike cells b. a hierarchical arrangement of flat cells c. a tight layer of square cells attached to a basement membrane

d. an irregularly arranged layer of pillarlike cells e. a layer of ciliated, mucus-secreting cells lining a body cavity 13. White blood cells that mature into macrophages are called: a. eosinophils b. neutrophils c. basophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes 14. Stratified columnar is a description that might apply to what type of animal tissue? a. connective b. striated muscle c. nerve d. epithelial e. bone 15 . The epithelium best adapted for a body surface subject to abrasion is a. simple squamous. b. simple cuboidal. c. simple columnar. d. stratified columnar. e. stratified squamous. 16. Muscles are joined to bones by a. ligaments. b. tendons. c. loose connective tissue. d. Haversian systems. e. positive feedback. 17 . The fibroblasts secrete a. fats. b. chondrin. c. interstitial fluids. d. calcium phosphate for bone. e. proteins for connective fibers. 18 . Which type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis along the digestive tract? a. cardiac b. visceral c. voluntary

d. striated e. skeletal 19 . Which of the following is a type of white blood cell that releases heparin? a. neutrophils b. eosinophils c. basophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes 20. Cardiac muscle is which of the following? a. striated and branched b. striated and unbranched c. smooth and voluntary d. striated and voluntary e. smooth and involuntary 21. Which of the following tissues lines kidney ducts? a. connective b. smooth muscle c. nervous d. epithelial e. adipose 22. Which of the following apply to skeletal muscle? a. smooth and involuntary b. smooth and unbranched c. striated and voluntary d. smooth and voluntary e. striated and branched 23. Cartilage is described as which of the following types of tissues? a. connective b. reproductive c. nervous d. epithelial e. adipose 24. Which is a type of connective tissue fiber found in organs such as the kidneys, that serve as filters? a. reticular b. elastic c. collagenous

d. thrombocyte e. monocyte 25 . Which of the following fibers has the greatest tensile strength? a. elastin fibers b. fibrin fibers c. collagenous fibers d. reticular fibers e. spindle fibers 26. Which of the following statements about arthropods is true? a. they are encased by an exoskeleton b. they move by way of a unique water vascular system c. they include crustaceons, spiders, and insects d. both a and c 27. Which of the following are found in BOTH annelids and arthropods? a. jointed appendages b. exoskeleton c. one-way digestive tract d. molting 28. All of the following are characteristics of arthropods EXCEPT a. an exoskeleton. b. numerous species. c. jointed appendages. d. a diversity of gas exchange structures. e. a dorsal nerve cord. 29. An arthropod has all the following characteristics EXCEPT a. protostome development. b. bilateral symmetry. c. psuedocoelom. d. 3 embryonic germ layers. e. true tissues. 30. Protostomes that have an open circulatory system and an exoskeleton of chitin. a. Cnidaria b. Annelida c. Mollusca

d. Arthropoda e. Porifera

31. Protostomes that have a closed circulatory system and true segmentation. a. Cnidaria b. Annelida c. Mollusca d. platyhelminths e. Porifera 32. Protostomes that have an open circulatory system and a trochophore larva. a. Cnidaria b. Annelida c. Mollusca d. platyhelminths e. Porifera 33. Which Molluscan class includes animals that undergo embryonic torsion? a. polyplacophora b. bivalvia c. cephalopoda d. gastropoda e. all molluscan classes have this 34. Which Molluscan class includes clams? a. polyplacophora b. bivalvia c. cephalopoda clams are not mollusks d. gastropoda e. none of these 35. Which Molluscan class includes the most "intelligent" invertebrates? a. polyplacophora b. bivalvia c. cephalopoda d. gastropoda e. both bivalvia and cephalopoda are equally "intelligent". 36. Annelids are abundant and successful organisms characterized accurately by all of

the following EXCEPT a. a hydrostatic skeleton. b. segmentation. c. a complete digestive system. d. some parasitic forms. e. a cuticle made of chitin. 37. The four body parts of mollusks include all of the following EXCEPT a. a foot b. a trochophore c. a visceral mass d. a mantle 38. Which of the following classes of the phylum Annelida is NOT correctly matched with its members? a. Oligochaeta - earthworms b. Polychaeta - marine worms c. Hirudinea - leeches d. all of the above are correctly matched Part II- Short answer. Answer each question in the space provided. 1. The connective tissue which stores fat is called? adipose 2. True or False? An axon is a cytoplasmic process which carries impulses to the nerve cell body. False 3. The process of converting cartilage to bone is called? ossification 4. Compact bones of mammals consists of units called? haversion systems (osteons) 5. The type of epithelial tissue designed for secretion and active absorption and in which goblet cells may be found is? simple columnar 6. The peritoneum is epithelial tissue derived from which embryonic germ layer? mesoderm 7. Which epithelial tissue is found as the outer

layer of skin and lining the mouth, anus and vagina and is designed for tremendous wear and tear? statified squamous 8. What is the type of nerve cell which provides nutrients for neurons? neuroglia 9. Heart muscle is similar to smooth muscle in that it is? involuntary

Part III- Essay. Answer each question in the space provided. The value of each question is indicated in parenthesis. 1. Describe fibrous connective tissue as to its structure and function and where it is commonly found (3 pts). dense, collagenous fibers, tendons, ligaments 2. If a sea star has pentaradial symmetry, why are they placed into the Bilateria? (2 pts) larvae are bilateral 3 . Describe the water vascular system of a sea star. (5 pts) madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, ampulla, sucker 4 . Define these terms as they apply to the Echinodermata (4 pts): pedicellaria- pincer-like spines for cleaning test- solid shell 5 . The circulatory system of Cephalochordates has something in common with vertebrates. Explain. (4 pts) blood flows posterior in dorsal vessel and anterior in ventral vessel 6 . Describe these terms as they apply to vertebrates (10 pts): ammocoetes- larval lamprey lateral line organ- detects vibrations in fishes oviparous- egg laying ray-finned fishes- ancestral to modern actinoptergii placoderms- ancestral to chondrichthyes and

actinoptergii and sarcoptergii 7 . Define Chordate, and then explain why the Molgula (tunicate) is considered a chordate if it did not possess the major characteristics you just described. (4 pts) notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal gill slits, post anal tail. Tunicate larvae has all these. 8. In addition to wings and feathers, list and describe 4 modifications of birds for flight (4 pts) beek instead of teeth, lung with air sacs, hollow bones, rigid bones

9. Describe which compounds (ammonia, uric acid, urea) are excreted by fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals and the reasoning behind the differences found. (4 pts) fish -ammonia, since lots of water amphibians and mammals - urea, less toxic reptiles and birds- uric acid, least toxic.aids filght for birds, desert for reptiles, and shelled eggs for both 10. Describe the major characteristics and give a specific example of each of these groups (4 pts): monotremes-oviparous, spiny anteater marsupials- viviparous, pouched, kangaroo 11. Define these terms (6 pts): metamerism- segmented, but units repeat typhlosole- fold in intestine of earthworms protonephridia- first kidney, blind tubule, flame cell 12. List four advantages of possessing a coelom. (4 pts) space for organs, hydrostatic skeleton, nourish cells, separate GI tract