Early Jazz Day 2

9/15/2011 8:17:00 AM

Harlem Renaissance African Americans could match white Americans in education, cultural, refinement, and artistic achivvement Centered in the NY City black neighborhood of harlem Bill Bojangles Robinson Tap-dancer and comedian with a suave sophisticated stage persona Did not use minstrelsy conventions Race records Made by black musicians for a black audience Performance Venues Harlem: Cotton Club, Savoy Chicago South Side ("Bronzeville or Black Belt) Sunset Caf, Lincoln Gardens Black and Tans: Nightclubs represented black entertainment to white or racially mixed audiences Creole Band First band to earn national recognition Original Led by Freddie Keppard Wouldnt record because they didnt want others to steal the sound

Dixieland Jazz Band White New Orleans group that moved to New York in 1916 Became the first jazz group to record in 1917 Their record "Liverly Stable Blues" sold over a million copies in the fist year Music was frantic, exuberant, madcap

Kid Ory Trombonist led band that was called Spikes Seven Pods of Pepper for recordings sake, but was the really the Original Creole Jazz Band. Recorded for Sunshine Records in 1922 (owned by Spike Brothers) Sound was relaxed and swung harder than ODJB

King Oliver Creole Jazz Band Included Louis Armstrong, Lil Hardin, Johnny Dodds, Honore Dutrey and Baby DOdds Played at Lincoln Gardens in Chicago from 1922-1924 King Oliver created the "wah-wah" effect Some Instruments Coronet main melody, one to hum along with Clarinet played obbligato, counter melody above main Trombone Counter melody below main melody String Bass/Tuba Drums Guitar/banjo Piano New Orleans style jazz Polyphonic texture created by independent melodies in the cornets, clarinet and trombone Instrumental roles inherited from brass bands o Cornet plays melody o Clarinet plays higher faster obbligatos o Trombone plays lower countermelodies Ensamble-oriented texture, or at least a blanace between solo and ensemble passages A two-beat metric feel (except on slow blues pieces) Use of march forms, blues forms and song forms Frequent use of breaks, brief openings for a soloist to perform unaccompanied by the rest of the band Use of stop-time accompaniment, in which the band plays a repeating rhythmic pattern, accenting certain beats of each measure while leaving other beats open for the soloist to fill alone

Jelly Roll Morton Claimed to have invented jazz The Red Hot Peppers

Morton moved back to Chicago in 1920s to create this band Specifically created to record, not perform live Morton rehearsed them very thoroughly and paid them for rehearsal time Wanted absolute control over the way his music was performed

Kid Ory Had the most successful bnad in the New Orleans in the late 1910s Played on records in Chicago wuith king oliver Louis Armstrong and jelly roll Morton was the embodiment of New Orleans trombone style Created tailgate trombone o Glissandos o explosive accents o other effects

Sidney Bechet Clarinet and soprano sax player child prodigy on clarinet playing professional at 11

Red onion jazz babies Clarence Williams contracted a recording band that included checht, Louis Armstrong, lil hardin-armstrong the band did not try to make the players into a cohesive group, more about solos the bands recordsing are regarded as the beginning of the end of polyphonic ensemble-based jazz --- the age of the soloist begins

9/15/2011 8:17:00 AM

9/15/2011 8:17:00 AM