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EXPERIMENT 4

DEPENDENT RESISTORS
4.1 Objectives:

Voltage Dependent Resistor (VDR): Measuring the characteristic of a voltage dependent resistor (VDR) at various voltage levels. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR): Determination of the characteristics of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) at various light intensities.

4.2

Equipment and Materials

The list of equipment and materials used in this experiment is shown in Table 4.1. Please record any damage, if exists any while performing the experiment, and its way of occurrence in the allocated space of this table in detail. You can also write the difficulties you are confronted with when using the equipment, and your suggestions and critics related with the equipment you used. Table 4.1 Equipment and material list used in Experiment 4. No: Equipment Material Model Serial No: Office Stock No: 1 1 Plug in board, DIN A4 2 1 47 resistor (2W) , (5%) 3 1 VDR resistor 4 1 Photoresistor (LDR) 5 1 Bulb holder, side mounted 6 1 Light bulb 12 V / 3 W 7 2 Multimeters GMBH 8 Bridging pugs 9 Connecting probes and cables 10 1 Stabilized mains power supply unit Record of damage or other comments:

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EXPERIMENT 4

4.3
i)

Preliminary Work
Define the nonlinear resistor. How are the DC and AC resistances defined for a nonlinear resistor?

ii)

Search the other kind of nonlinear resistors which used in Electrical Electronics devices. Note their names and symbols below.

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EXPERIMENT 4

4.1

Experimental Procedure and Records

4.4.1 Voltage dependent resistor (VDR)

i) Assemble the circuit as shown in Fig. 4.1. Take care that the polarity of the voltage source and the measurement instruments, be sure that they are correct and that the correct measurement range have been selected. Beginning atVE = 0 volts, increase the voltage VE so that V changes in the range [0,13] from 0 to 13 V, in accordance with Table 2.2. Read and record the current for each voltage level. Plot the current as a function of the voltage v on the graph in Figure 4.2. Compute the value of R = V / i for each measurement and write the results in the last row of Table 4.2. Plot the resistance as a function of its voltage v on the graph in Figure 4.3.

ii)

iii) iv)

Figure 4.1 Measurement of the characteristic of a VDR. Table 4.2 Results of Experiment 4.4.1
v (V) i (mA) R (k ) 0 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

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EXPERIMENT 4

Figure 4.2 Current / voltage characteristic of a VDR.

Figure 4.3 Resistance / voltage characteristic of a VDR.

4.4.2 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

i) Assemble the circuit as shown in Figure 4.4. Make sure that the polarities of the voltage source and the measurement instruments are correct and that the correct measurement ranges have been selected. Set the input voltage VE so that v is about 12 V. Cover the LDR completely to prevent the influence of external light. Measure the current and voltage on the LDR when not illuminated and enter the results in Table 4.3. Measure the current and voltage on the LDR when illuminated, beginning with position I. Record the results for positions I, II and III in Table 4.3.

ii) iii)

iv)

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EXPERIMENT 4

Figure 4.4 Determination of the characteristic of an LDR. Table 4.3 Results of Experiment 4.4.2
Position of LDR LDR without light LDR with light ( Position I) LDR with light ( Position II) LDR with light ( Position III) I (mA) V (V) R (k )

v) vi)

Calculate the value of the resistance of the LDR for each level of light intensity and record the results in Table 4.2.2. Using the data of Table 4.3, plot the variation of the resistance R of the LDR against the light intensity (position of LDR) in Fig. 4.5.

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EXPERIMENT 4

Figure 4.5 Resistance variation against light intensity.

4.2

Results and Discussions

1) Answer the following three questions by using the data of Experiment 4.4.1. i) What can you say about the linearity of VDR?

ii)

Are the values of the resistance computed in Table 4.2 and plotted in Fig.4.3. DC or AC resistance of LDR, why?

iii)

On the base of the plot in Fig.4.2, find the AC resistance of VDR for V [11,12] v and compare it with the DC resistances at V = 11 V.

2) Answer the following three questions by using the data of Experiment 4.4.2. i) What effect do changes in the light intensity have on the resistance?

ii)

Does this experiment indicate any information about the linearity or nonlinearity of LDR as in the test of VDR, why?

iii)

Discuss the possibility of using LDR to measure the light illumination intensity?