1. Fifty students took up a test.

The result of those who have passed the test is given below: Marks No. of students 4 8 5 10 6 9 7 6 8 4 9 3 If the average marks for all the fifty students were 5.16, find out the average marks of the student who failed. SOLUTION: Total marks of all 50 students; 50 x 5.16 =258 Value of x 4 5 6 7 8 9 Value of f 8 10 9 6 4 3 fx fx 32 50 54 42 32 27 237

Total marks of 40 students passed = 237 Thus, total marks of 10 students failed = 258-237 = 21 average marks of student who failed = 21/10 = 2.1 2. Following is the distribution of marks obtained by 50 students in Mercantile Law. Calculate the median marks. Marks (More than)0 10 20 30 40 50 SOLUTION: N/2 = 50/2 = 25; interval size = 20-30 Marks Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 >50 Continuous Series:Median = L1 + N/2 CF1 x c F0 = 20 + 25 -10x 10 20 = 27.5 3. Obtain the mode of the following data: No.of students 50 46 40 20 10 3

Number of Students (N) 50 46 40 20 10 3

Marks (f) 4 6 20 10 7 3

Cum Frequency 4 10 30 40 47 50

Monthly rent in (Rs.) 20 40 40 60 60 80 80 100 100 120 120 140 140 160 160 180 180 - 200 SOLUTION: Here the largest frequency is 20, it lies in the class 100-120. Continuous Series:Mode = L1 + (f1-f0)x c (2f1-f0-f2) Modal Class = 100-120 Lower limit, L1 Freq of preceding class, f0 Freq of Following class, f2 Freq of Modal class, f1 Class Interval c Mode = 100 = 14 = 15 = 20 = 20

No.of families paying the rent 6 9 11 14 20 15 10 8 7

= 100 + (20-14)x 20 (40-14-15) = 110.909

4. The marks obtained by the students of class A and B are given below Marks Class A Class B 510 1 5 1015 10 6 1520 20 15 2025 8 10 2530 6 5 3035 3 4 3540 1 2 4045 2

Calculate mean, median, mode and standard deviation for the distribution. SOLUTION: Marks 510 1015 1520 2025 2530 3035 3540 4045 Class A: N=49 & N/2 =24.5 The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 31 and corresponding class is 15-20. (Median class) L1=15, F0=20, CF1=11, c=5 Class A 1 10 20 8 6 3 1 CF A 1 11 31 39 45 48 49 Class B 5 6 15 10 5 4 2 2 CF B 5 11 26 36 41 45 47 49

Continuous Series:Median = L1 + N/2 CF1 x c F0 = 15 + 20 -11x 5 20 = 17.25 Class B: N=49 & N/2 =24.5 The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 26 and corresponding class is 15-20. (Median class) L1=15, F0=15, CF1=11, c=5 Continuous Series:Median = L1 + N/2 CF1 x c F0 = 15 + 24.5 -11x 5 15 =19.5

5. There are two branches of an establishment employing 100 and 80 persons respectively. If the arithmetic means of the monthly salaries paid by two branches are Rs.275 and Rs.225 respectively, find the arithmetic means of the salaries of the employees of the establishment as a whole. SOLUTION: Characteristics No. Of Observations Mean Salary Groups I N1=100 Mean1 = 275 Composite Group II N2=80 Mean2 =225 N=180 Combined Mean =

N*x = N1 *x1 + N2 *x2 180x= 100 * 275 + 80 * 225 = 45500 x = 45500/180 = Rs. 252.78 6. An investor buys Rs.1,200 worth of shares in a company each month. During first five months, he bought the shares at a price of Rs.10, Rs.12, Rs.15, Rs.20 and Rs.24 per share. After 5 months what is average price paid for the shares by him? SOLUTION: Since shares are bought with varying prices by investing the same amount of money each time, the average price per share is given by harmonic mean of 10,12,15,20,24. The formula for H.M is as follows: H.M = (1/x) n .

=5 . 10-1+ 12-1+ 15-1+ 20-1+ 24-1 = 5 x 120 140 =Rs. 14.63 7. A contractor employs three types of workers, male, female, and children. He pays Rs.10 per day to a male worker, Rs.18 to a female worker and Rs.3 to a child labourer. If the numbers of male, female and child workers employed are 20, 15 and 5 respectively. What is the average wage per day? SOLUTION: Salary of male worker per day = 10 Salary of female worker per day = 18

Salary of child labour per day = 3 Number of male worker = 20 Number of female worker = 15 Number of child labor = 5 Wages for male worker = 10 * 20 = 200 Wages for female worker = 18 * 15 = 270 Wages for child labor = 3 * 5 = 15 Total Wages = 200+270+15 = 485 Average wage = 485/40 = Rs.12.13

8. The following are the monthly salaries of 200 employees in a firm: 75, 158, 100, 136, 140, 91, 125, 97, 146, 145, 121, 151, 112, 101, 96, 126, 78, 95, 114 144

The firm gives bonus of Rs.50 ,75,100,125,150 respectively to the employees in the salary groups 70 90, 90 110, 110 130, 130 150, 150 170. Find the average bonus paid per employee

SOLUTION: Interval 70 90 90 110 110 130 130 150 150 170 Bonus 50 75 100 125 150 No of employees 2 6 5 5 2 Total amount 100 450 500 625 300

Total amount of bonus = 2 * 50 + 6 * 75 + 5 * 100 + 5 * 125 + 2 * 150 = 1975 Total no of employees = 20 Average bonus = 1975/20 Average bonus = Rs. 98.75

9. The main salary paid to 1,000 employees of an establishment was found to be Rs.180.40. Later on, after disbursement of salaries it was discovered that the salary of two employees was wrongly entered as Rs.297, 165. Their correct salaries were Rs.197 and Rs.185. Find the correct Arithmetic Mean. SOLUTION: Total number of employees = 1000 Average mean salary = 180.4 Total salary =1000*180.4 = 180400 Actual salary has to paid for employee = Total sales (Sum of incorrect salary of two emp) + (Sum of correct salary of two emp) = 180400 (297+165) + (197+185) Actual salary has to be paid to employee is 180400 Average salary = 180318 / 1000 Average salary has to be pay to 1000 employee =>Rs. 180.318

10. A firm of ready-made garments makes both mens and womens shirts. Its profits average 6 per cent of sales, its profits in mens shirts average 8 percent of sales; and womens shirts comprise 60 percent of output. What is the average profit per sales rupee in womens shirts? SOLUTION:

Total average profits is 6% Average profit in Mens shirt is 8% Sales of Womens shirt is 60% Sales of Mens shirt = (100-60) = 40% Let us assume total sales is 100, Total profit = 100*6 = 600 Total profit in Mens shirt = 40*8 = 320 total profit in Womens shirt = (600 320) = 280 60 * X = 280 Where X is average profit in female shirt X = 280/60 = 4.67% 11. Talent LTD., a Hollywood Casting Company is selecting a group of extras for a movie. The age of the first 20 men to be interviewed is AGE OF 20 MEN 50 56 55 49 52 57 56 57 56 59 54 55 61 60 51 59 62 52 54 49 The Director of the movie wants men whose ages are fairly tightly grouped around 55 years. Being a statistics buff of sorts, the Director suggests that a standard deviation of 3 years is acceptable. Does this group of extras qualify? SOLUTION: Age 50 56 55 49 52 57 56 57 56 59 54 55 61 60 51 59 62 52 54 49 A = X-Mean -5.2 0.8 -0.2 -6.2 -3.2 1.8 0.8 1.8 0.8 3.8 -1.2 -0.2 5.8 4.8 -4.2 3.8 6.8 -3.2 -1.2 -6.2 Total A2 27.04 0.64 0.04 38.44 10.24 3.24 0.64 3.24 0.64 14.44 1.44 0.04 33.64 23.04 17.64 14.44 46.24 10.24 1.44 38.44 285.2

Mean = Sum of age / Total no of men = 1104/20 Mean = 55.2 Variance = sum (A2) / N = 285.2/20 Variance = 14.26 Standard deviation = (variance) Standard deviation = 3.78 Since standard deviation is greater than 3, this group does not qualify.

12. In an attempt to determine the potential future demand, The National Car Company did a study asking married couples how many cars the average energy minded family should own in 1998 for each couple. The Company averaged the husbands and wifes responses to get the average couple response. The answers are tabulated as under. No. of cars Frequency a) b) 0 2 0.5 14 1.0 23 1.5 7 2.0 4 2.5 2

Calculate the Standard Deviation. Comment on the above result you have obtained.

SOLUTION:
2

No of Cars (X) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Frequency (f) 2 14 23 7 4 2

(fX) 0 7 23 10.5 8 5

A -1.03 -0.53 -0.03 0.47 0.97 1.47

fA2 2.12 3.92 0.02 1.54 3.76 4.32

1.06 0.28 0.0009 0.22 0.94 2.16

Mean = (fX)/(f) = 53.5/52 = 1.03 Variance = (fU^2)/(f) = 15.68/52 Variance = 0.30 Standard deviation = (variance) =0.55

13. The number of cheques cashed each day at the five branches of the Bank of Orange Country during the past month had the following distribution. CLASS 0 199 200 399 400 599 600 799 800 - 999 FREQUENCY 10 13 17 42 18

Hank Spivey, the Director of operation of the bank knows that a St.deviation in cheque cashing of more than 200 cheques per day created staffing and organizational problems at the branches because of the uneven workload. Should Hank worry about staffing next month?

SOLUTION: Class

Frequency f

Mid values

0 - 199 200 399 400 599 600 799 800 - 999 Total

10 13 17 42 18 100

99.5 299.5 499.5 699.5 899.5

d = X- 499.5 (499.5 is assumed value) -400 -200 0 200 400

fd

fd2

-4000 -2600 0 8400 7200 9000

1600000 520000 0 1680000 2880000 6680000

Variance = (fd2)/N {(fd)/N}2 = (6680000/100) (9000/100)2 = 66800 8100 = 58700 Standard deviation = (variance) = 242.28 Since standard deviation is greater than 200, Hank should worry about staffing in next month.

14. Swifty marketers compare prices charged for identical items in all its food stores. Here are the prices changed by each store for a pound of bacon last week. 1.08 a) b) c) 0.98 1.09 1.24 1.33 1.14 1.55 1.08 1.22 1.05

Calculate median price per pound. Calculate the mean price. Which value is a better measure of the central tendency?

SOLUTION: In Ascending order, 0.98, 1.05, 1.08, 1.08, 1.09, 1.14, 1.22, 1.24, 1.33, 1.55 Since N=10 which is even. Median will be arithmetic mean of the size of (10/2)= 5th and (10/2+1) = 6th observations. Median = ((1.09+1.14)/2)= 1.12 Mean = (0.98+1.05+1.08+1.08+1.09+1,14+1.22+1.24+1.33+1.55)/10 = 11.76/10= 1.18

15. For the following distribution, determine a) Median class b) The no. of items that represents the median class. c) The width of the equal steps in the median class. d) The estimated value of the median of these data. CLASS FREQUENCY 100 149.5 12 150 199.5 14 200 249.5 27 250 299.5 58 300 349.5 72 350 399.5 63 400 449.5 36 450 499.5 18

SOLUTION: Interval 100 149.5 150 199.5 200 249.5 250 299.5 300 349.5 350 399.5 400 449.5 450 499.5 a ) Median class Class boundaries 99.75 149.75 149.75 199.75 199.75 249.75 249.75 299.75 299.75 349.75 349.75 399.75 399.75 449.75 449.75 499.75 Frequency (f) 12 14 27 58 72 63 36 18 Cumm. freq 12 26 53 111 183 246 282 300

N = 300 Median is size of (300/2) (i.e) 150th item which is in (299.75 349.75) or (300 349.5) class b) The no. of items that represents the median class is 58 c) The width of the equal steps in the median class is (299.75 349.75) or (300 349.5) d) Estimated value of the median of these data Median = L1 + N/2 CF1 x c F0 Median = 299.75 + { (150-111)/72 } * 50 = 299.75 + 27.0833 Median =326.833 16. Calculate Mean, Median, Mode & standard deviation for the following Distribution: CLASS FREQUENCY 700 799 4 800 899 7 900 999 8 1000 1099 10 1100 1199 12 1200 1299 17 1300 1399 13 1400 1499 10 1500 1599 9 1600 1699 7 1700 1799 2 1800 1899 1 SOLUTION: Interval 700 799 800 899 900 999 1000 1099 1100 1199 1200 1299 1300 1399 1400 1499 1500 1599 1600 1699 1700 1799 1800 1899 MEAN: fx = 124950 N=100 Continuous Series:Mean = fx N = 1249.5 MEDIAN: N=100& N/2 =50 The cumulative frequency just greater than N/2 is 58and corresponding class is 1200-1299. (Median class) L1=1200, F0=17, CF1=41, c=99 Continuous Series:Median = L1 + N/2 CF1 x c F0 = 1200 + 50 -41x 99 17 = 1252.412 Freq. 4 7 8 10 12 17 13 10 9 7 2 1 Cum Freq. 4 11 19 29 41 58 71 81 90 97 99 100 x 749.5 849.5 949.5 1049.5 1149.5 1249.5 1349.5 1449.5 1549.5 1649.5 1749.5 1849.5 fx 2998 5946.5 7596 10495 13794 21241.5 17543.5 14495 13945.5 11546.5 3499 1849.5

MODE: Here the largest frequency is 17, it lies in the class 1200-1299. Continuous Series:Mode = L1 + (f1-f0)x c (2f1-f0-f2) Mode = 1200 + (17-12)x 99 (34-12-13) = 1255