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(1) [Exhibit Title]

Enduring Bondage: Modern-Day Slavery


(1.1) [Intro title] Introduction Section #1-

Our world is full of slavery.


[Intro panel]

Every country has outlawed slavery, yet today twenty-seven million humans are held in bondage. Wherever they are, modern-day slaves are:

Cheap. Slaves can be bought for as low as $10. Disposable. Owners readily discard unprofitable slaves. Globalized. Slave-made products are sold and consumed worldwide.

The slaves you will meet live in distant countries, but they are still human. They deserve the same liberty, dignity and autonomy we know. Learning about their plight is just the first step you can take towards creating a truly free world.
(1.2) [object title] Selling girls in Odessa [object label] A trafficker known as Olga sells Moldovan girls in Istanbul. The girls were promised work as housekeepers, but are now sex slaves. If caught, they will be persecuted as illegal immigrants, while Olga continues to traffic with impunity.
Image courtesy of Frontline, PBS

(1.3)

[object title]

Sex slave in Mumbai [object label] An Indian sex slave sits in her room. She must sleep, eat service clients in this tiny space, which meaures only 4x6 feet.
Photograph courtesy of Jodi Cobb, National Geographic

(1.4) [object title] Stacking the kiln [object label] These Pakistani brickmakers are bonded to the kiln by debt. The kiln owner will credit them with only 10% of the bricks price, while over-charging them for food and lodging.
Photograph courtesy of Gary S. Chapman

(1.5) [object title] Child brickmker [object label] This child was born into slavery, and will carry this inherited debt for the rest of her life. Aid agencies estimate that Pakistans workforce includes 11 million children. The countrys educational system can accommodate only a third of the countrys children.
Photograph courtesy of Kay Chernush, State Department

(1.6) [object title] Rations in the Amazon [object label] Brazilian slaves receive meager rations. These slaves work under the threat of violence for months without receiving pay or medical care.
Photograph courtesy of Joao R. Ripper, Imagens de Terre/Ant-Slavery International

(1.7) [object title] Sweatshop slavery [object label] This woman was a slave in a Bangkok sweatshop. She managed to escape and alert the authorities; the subsequent raid freed thirty-eight girls, ages 14-26.
Photograph courtesy of Kay Chernush, State Department

(1.8) [object title] Indian rug-makers [object label] Kidnapped children are locked inside a shed and forced to hand-weave rugs. Their spines, fingers and eyes quickly deteriorate; often they are forced to sleep beneath the loom.
Photograph courtesy of Jodi Cobb, National Geographic

(1.9) [object title] Fishing in Lake Volta [object label] Traffickers promised these Ghanaian children jobs in the city, but instead sold them as fishing slaves. Children as young as three row the boats, clean fish and dive for lost nets.
Photograph courtesy of International Organization of Migration

(1.10) [object title] Ship slaves [object label] Many Burmese men escape their country hoping to find work. Instead, their traffickers sell them to sea captains who enslave the men.
Photograph courtesy of Kay Chernush, State Department

(1.11) [object title]


Racial slavery in Mauritania

[object label] This girl belongs to the Haratine tribe, which is enslaved by the Arab Moors. Mauritania has abolished slavery many times, most recently in 2007, yet in practice nothing has changed.
Photograph courtesy of Jean-Pierre Laffont, Anti-Slavery International/United Nations

(1.12) [object title] Defining modern-day slavery (5 minutes) [object label] Modern-day slavery expert Kevin Bales defines modern-day slavery and explains how it has become so prevelant in todays world.
Footage courtesy of TED talks (www.ted.com)

[section title] Debt Bondage: Always Working, Never Profiting [section panel] Many slaves lose their freedom after accepting a small loan, knowingly or not. The loan may be an advance for future labor, medicine for a sick family member, or the price of the journey to their enslavement. Once the slave realizes what has happened, it is too late. The only way to repay the debt is to work according to their owners demands. The slave loses control, and the owner enjoys the profits and manipulates the slaves debt. As a result, freedom constantly remains out of reach.
(1.13)

(2) [Section banner] Brazil

Section #2 -

Brazilian Laborers: Short-Term Enslavement That Never Ends


(2.1) [Section title]

Seeking Employment, Finding Slavery


[Section panel]

In the 1960s, the Brazilian government became interested in exploiting the Amazons natural resources. First, the government offered land for small-scale agriculture, but the untrained and isolated farmers faced failure. Next, the government subsidized corporations that pledged to plant eucalyptus trees for paper. Yet without governmental oversight, the corporations removed native flora, displaced indigenous people, and squandered the funds. The Amazons isolation guarantees that federal law will never take root; money and force have always triumphed. Today, 12% of the landowners control two-thirds of Brazils land. Landless workers migrate to the Amazon, seeking employment. But without the protection of the law, they easily fall prey to slavery.
(2.2) [object title] Meet the Slave: Ronald [object label] Ronald has been recruited by a gato (middleman) who promised daily meals, good wages and regular trips home. Ronald accepted an advance, and bought a new pair of boots. The gato also settled Ronalds hostel bill. Soon Ronald will gladly board the gatos truck. In a few days, Ronald will arrive at a dingy work camp surrounded by armed guards. He will owe the gato for the advance, ride and lodging. Paychecks and visits home will never materialize. Meals will be meager. Ronald doesnt know it, but he has become a slave. (2.3-2.11) [object title] Ronalds possessions [object label] 1) A hammock; the hostel charges Ronald for his lodging. 2) Liquor bottle; bought on credit from the hostel. 3) Malaria pills; bought from the gato (middleman). 4

4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

New boots; purchased with an advance from the gato. A tin plate and cup. A boroca (leather bag); for carrying his possessions. Family picture; Ronald has not seen them since he left home. The hostels ledger; Ronalds charges are carefully recorded.

Objects collected from Dona Helenas hostel in Araguana, Tocantins, Brazil.

(2.12) [object title] Recruiting Laborers into Slavery [object label] The gato occupies a precarious position. He is the intermediary between the landowner, who may fail to pay, and the slaves, who may be lazy or run away with the advance.
Footage courtesy of Binka Le Breton.

(2.13) [object title] Dead as a citizen, born as a slave Jos de Souza Martins [object label] The state ID card is proof of citizenship and must be presented when dealing with the government or police. Without it, the slave cannot seek legal recourse. The labor card creates a binding work agreement. Without it, the slave is not protected by Brazils labor laws or eligible for state health care.
Cards donated by Brazils Mobile Labor Inspection Team

(2.14) [object title] Gatos Ledger [object label] The gato uses this ledger to manipulate the slaves income and expenses. The cost of housing, food and other essentials is exaggerated, and earnings are minimized. The slave must continue to work, but will never receive compensation.
Ledger donated by Brazils Mobile Labor Inspection Team

(2.15) [object title] Ledger - translation (prices in Brazilian reais) [object label] Hostel bill 150 Advance 80 Ride 45 Lodging 100 Meals 130 Malaria pills 35 Total debt 540 Income 200

(2.16) [object title] Experience Slavery: Tools [object label] Slaves in the Amazon use similar tools to cut down trees. Pick up these tools. How heavy are they? Would you enjoy working with these tools every day?
Replicas. The tools are not sharp. Please exercise caution.

(2.17) [panel title] No way out [panel] Many factors prevent slaves from escaping: Isolation: work camps are located deep in the forest, where the slave is unfamiliar with the roads. Violence: pistoleiros (gunmen) are a constant reminder that the slave has lost his autonomy. Honor: machismo (macho) Brazilian men will never default on their debt, even if its unfairly inflated. (2.18-2.20) [quotes] We dont even know the name of this batteria (camp) or where we are. All I know is the name of the gato Ive been here for two months, and I dont know if Ill get anything. The gato only wants to talk about work, about how we have to work harder and make more charcoal. A man has to leave in the right way in the right way with his debts settled. the gato would send word: This man worked for me and didnt settle his debt. Then I would never be able to get work. (2.21) [panel title] Who should enforce the law? [panel] Brazil has three distinct police forces. The centralized federal police handle national security, while the civil and military police operate at the state level. These policemen are less educated, easily corrupted, and unwilling to prosecute wealthy elites. Under these circumstances, slavery continues without interference from the law. (2.22) [panel title] The many faces of environmental destruction [panel] Regardless of the final product, most Brazilian slaves are engaged in environmental destruction.

1% 4% 24% 43% Ranching De forestation Agriculture Logging 28% Charcoal

(2.23) [object title] From Forest to Meat [object label] Cattle graze in the Amazon. Experts estimate that between 60%-75% of deforested land is turned into cattle ranches. Brazil has 170 million cattle within its borders.
Photograph courtesy of Greenpeace

(2.24) [object title] From Forest to Floor [object label] Many Western consumers prize Amazonian hardwoods for their durability and beauty. Brazilian Cherry (Jatob) and Santos Mahogany (Cabriuva) are two popular choices among US customers.
Planks purchased from Lumber Liquidators

(2.25) [object title] From Forest to Charcoal [object label] Slaves stand next to freshly harvested eucalyptus logs. Soon, the slaves will stack the logs into the forno (oven) to produce coal.
Photograph courtesy of John Maier Jr., JB Pictures for the New York Times

(2.26) [object title] Fornos (ovens) [object label] Slaves stack wood into the fornos, where it is burnt with minimal oxygen and converted into coal. As the Amazon is destroyed, new fornos are constructed deeper in the forest.
Photograph courtesy of PressTV.ir

(2.27-2.30) [object title] From Forest to Steel 7

[object label] 1) Wood from a tree felled by a slave 2) Charcoal produced by burning the wood in the fornos (ovens) 3) Pig iron smelted using the coal 4) Steel car part
Wood and charcoal courtesy of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources. Pig iron purchased from Fergumar. Steel salvaged from junk yard.

(2.31-2.32) [object title] Deforestation: A One-Way Process [object label] The Amazonian soil is fertile but thin, and deforestation causes the soil to dry up and blow away. As a result, the land cannot sustain cattle or crops. There is little hope that the native forest will successfully regenerate. 1) Soil from a healthy Amazonian eco-system 2) Deforested area that is incapable of supporting life.
Photograph courtesy of Guenter Fischer, World of Stock Models courtesy of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources.

(2.33) [panel title] See Both Sides: To Boycott or Not to Boycott? [panel] 1) Agribusiness accounts for nearly half of Brazilian exports and the majority of rescued slaves have worked in this industry. Western consumers should avoid purchasing Brazilian products from the affected industries. 2) Only a fraction of the Brazilian workforce is enslaved. Boycotting the final product will hurt everyone, including free workers. Slavery should be identified and stopped at the source. (2.24) [object title] Temporary Freedom: Returning to the Hostel [object label] A year has passed, and Ronald is worn out. The plot has been cleared, and the fornos must be moved deeper into the forest. The gato returned the slaves to the village and handed them a few small bills. Ronald returns to the hostel and strings up his hammock. He now awaits the next job.

(3) [Section banner] Thailand

Section #3 =

Thai Sex Slaves: Enslaved For Their Youth


(3.1) [Section title]

One girl equals one television


[Section text]

Life in Thailands northern region is full of hardships. The mountains have little fertile land, and the inhabitants make a precarious living from their rice paddies. Government policies keep the price of rice low, while the rest of Thailand has experienced rapid industrialization. Selling a daughter has long been an acceptable way to overcome a financial crisis. Increasingly, mountain-dwellers view their daughters as a source of income, even during times of plenty. The family may use the cash to buy a rice cooker, television or car. But the price is steep: their daughters freedom.
(3.2-3.5) [object title] Meet the Slave: Siri [object label] Fourteen year old Siri is leaving her village for the first time. A woman from a nearby village promised her a high-paying job in the city. In exchange, Siris parents accepted a large advance, which will be re-paid through Siris labor. In a few days, this woman will sell Siri to a brothel, fetching a price much higher than she originally paid. Siri will be raped and beaten. She will learn that her debt has grown fourfold and includes charges for food and lodging. Unintentionally, Siris parents have turned her into a slave.

(3.6) [object title] Prostitution means wearing western clothes in a restaurant Thai teenage villagers [object label] If Thai villagers understood the harsh reality of prostitution, they might not send their daughters into slavery so quickly. Therefore, the recruiter must gain the familys trust. Listen to ex-slaves describe the moment this trust was violated being sold to a brothel.
Footage courtesy of Free The Slaves

(3.7-3.8) [object title] Adjusting to life in slavery [object label] The pimp will use violence to break the spirit of new slaves. 1) Chains: Slaves may be tied to the bed and sexually abused. 2) Alcohol & Narcotics: Whether forced or offered, these subdue pain and foster dependence on the brothel. (3.9) [object title] A slaves wardrobe [object label] Revealing clothing and excessive makeup can help disguise the slaves real age. If she looks young, she will be repeatedly sold as a virgin for a higher price.
Clothing collected from a brothel in Ubon Ratchitani, northeastern Thailand

(3.10-3.12) [quotes] [the owner] gave us very short skirts and tops and told us we could not wear underwear. She said we would have to make sex with clients each night. I told her, I came to work as a cleaning lady. - Lisu, an 18 year old sex slave in Bangkok, Thailand I tried to escape, but the broker who brought me here found me in my village and told my parents I did not repay my debt. They said it was my duty to do this -Panadda, 15 year old sex slave in Chiang Mai, Thailand I sent my daughter to Bangkok two years ago. She sends money with an agent. With this money I buy schoolbooks and clothes for my other children. -Burmese mother/refugee in Thailand (3.13-3.14) [object title] An evenings work [object label] Sex slaves sit in the hong du (selection room), while customers drink and choose girls. By the morning, each slave will have been selected by ten to fifteen men.
Photographs courtesy of Jonathan Taylor (http://www.jonathantaylor.net)

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(3.15) [object title] Identifying badge [object label] Each girl wears an identifying number, which is called when she is selected by a customer. Some brothels use special badges with an S to indicate she is a sex superstar.
Badges courtesy of Siddharth Kara, Free The Slaves

(3.16) [object title] Contraceptives [object label] Prostitutes receive Depo-Provera injections four times a year to prevent pregnancy. To save money, the brothel will often use the same needle for everyone. A girl with undetected HIV will unknowingly infect the others.
Needle and vial collected from a brothel in Ubon Ratchitani, northeastern Thailand

(3.17) [object title] Brothels ledger [object label] This ledger keeps track of the slaves income and expenses. To break even, she must serve hundreds of clients each month. Despite her debt, the pimp may arbitrarily allow the girl to send money home this encourages her cooperation and increases the likelihood of another daughter joining the brothel.
Ledger courtesy of Siddharth Kara, Free The Slaves

(3.18) [object title] Ledger - translation (prices in Thai baht) [object label] Purchase price 200,000 Rent 30,000/month Depo-Provera (contraceptive) 2,000/month Meals 15,000/month Money sent home 10,000/month Total debt 252,000 Income 100/customer (3.19) [panel title] Allowing bad incidents to occur Nation, describing the Thai police [panel] Prostitution is illegal in Thailand, yet the police repeatedly turn a blind eye. The economic boom has made prostitution more affordable and everyone profits. Ironically, policemen routinely accept bribes of cash and sex in exchange for protecting the brothels. (3.20) [panel title] Fighting the HIV/AIDS Epidemic 11

[panel] In the early 1990s, the HIV infection rate among sex workers had reached 15%. Increasingly, many young men were also contracting the disease. In response, the Thai government implemented a program to promote 100% condom use, which included: Educating the public on condom use Distributing 60 million condoms annually Outlawing unprotected commercial sex Requiring sex workers be tested monthly for HIV Providing medication for infected citizens

The government signaled its serious commitment by providing domestic funds for 80%90% of the programs budget. (3.21) [object title] Public Education Poster: 100% Condom program [object label] You are never too busy to use a condom. Know how to use it!
Poster courtesy of the Thai Ministry of Public Health, AIDS Division

(3.22) [object title] Public Education Poster: 100% Condom program [object label] We are all at risk.
Poster courtesy of the Foundation for the Global Fund, Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health

(3.23) [object title] Public Education Poster: 100% Condom program [object label] This advertisement in a Bangkok bus stop reminds passengers to always use a condom.
Photograph courtesy of Coco Mccoy

(3.24) [object title] Government-issued condoms [object label] After outlawing unprotected commercial sex, the government began distributing free condoms to brothels. As a result, condom use in brothels rose from 14% to 90%, and the spread of HIV slowed significantly.
Condoms courtesy of the Condom Museum in Nonthaburi, Thailand

(3.25) [object title] HIV testing kit 12

[object label] By law, all sex workers must undergo a monthly HIV test. This cheek swab kit can detect antibodies to the HIV virus within 20 minutes, and is over 99% accurate. Quick identification of HIV-positive prostitutes reduces the risk of unknowingly infecting others.
OraQuick HIV-1/2 kit courtesy of the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

(3.26) [object title] Experience slavery: HIV + stamp [object label] You are invited to stamp your hand in solidarity with HIV-positive sex slaves. (3.27) [panel title] See Both Sides: Prostitution in Thai culture [panel] 1) Thai women prefer their husbands visit prostitutes than take second wives, and Thai men routinely buy each other brothel visits. Prostitution will never disappear but it can be regulated to avoid slavery. 2) We must abolish the entire commercial sex industry. As long as sex can be openly purchased, unscrupulous people will find ways to profit from others. Young girls will continually be tricked into slavery, and the brothels will profit. (3.28) [object title] Free, with nowhere to go [object label] After three years of prostitution, Siri tested positive for HIV and was thrown from the brothel. Instead of facing poverty on the street she returned home, where she is an unwelcome burden on her parents. For the remainder of her life, she will be ostracized and shamed for her prostitution.

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(4) [Section banner] Pakistan

Section #4

Pakistani Brick-Makers: Enslaved for generations


(4.1) [Section title]

Land reform
[Section panel]

Pakistan underwent a series of land reforms in the late 1940s and the 1960s, yet peasants and agricultural laborers were repeatedly excluded from land ownership. They were gradually evicted from land they had worked for centuries, resulting in massive rural unemployment. Simultaneously, Pakistan experienced an economic boom, which increased the demand for construction materials. Brick-making emerged as a lucrative business. Displaced agricultural laborers flocked to the kilns that were sprouting up across the Punjab region.
(4.2) [object title] Meet the Slaves: the Zullah family. [object label] The Zullah family is descended from a long line of agricultural laborers. Recently, their landowner invested in modern machinery. The Zullah family could not compete; they are slower and costlier than a single tractor.

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The impoverished family sought employment at the kiln. The munshi (manager) agreed to hire them and provided an advance for buying tools and food. Now, the family is producing bricks to re-pay their debt. Yet their food will soon run out, and they will be forced to borrow more money. Unknowingly, the family has sold itself into slavery.
Photo courtesy of Afghan Womens Mission

(4.3-4.6) [object title] Tools of Enslavement [object label] 1) 2-gallon bucket, which Abdul (age 6) fills from the well. 2) Hoe, which Zarfran (age 9) uses to break the soil. 3) Wooden frame, which Samia (age 11), Mohammed and Tahira use to shape the bricks. 4) Bricks drying in the sun. Later, they will be fired in the kiln.
Tools courtesy of Free The Slaves

(4.7) [object title] The burden of debt [object label] There are many paths into slavery. Some brick-makers inherit their debt, and others innocently accept a loan. Listen to these slaves tell their story.
Footage courtesy of Pamela Constable, Washington Post

(4.8) [object title] From dirt to bricks [object label] 1) Punjabi dirt, ideal for brick-making 2) A molded brick, dried by the sun 3) A baked brick, ready to be sold.
Bricks courtesy of Free The Slaves

(4.9) [object title] Stacking the kiln [object label] Slaves carefully stack sun-dried bricks and cover the kiln with dirt. The bricks must be spaced enough to bake properly, while also supporting the kilns roof. A collapsed kiln may result in injury, death, or lost income.
Photograph courtesy of Muhammed Muheisen, AP

(4.10) [object title] Danger! Fire! [object label]

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Slaves control the fire from atop the kiln. As the fire circulates around the kiln, baked bricks are replaced with fresh ones. A single kiln can hold up to 2 million bricks, and will be re-filled multiple times during the 4-6 week burn session.
Photograph courtesy of Nicolas Holzheu

(4.11) [object title] Wooden Shoes [object label] Slaves wear thick wooden shoes to protect their feet from the fire raging below. Temperatures atop the kiln can reach 130 degrees. Because children weigh less, they frequently climb atop the kiln to tend the fire.
Shoes courtesy of Free The Slaves

(4.12) [object title] Experience Slavery: Put yourself in the slaves shoes [object label] Put on these wooden shoes and try walking across the kiln. Shoes like these protect the slaves feet from the heat, but are unstable and may cause the slave to lose balance and fall.
Replicas. The shoes are sized to fit over your shoes. Please exercise caution.

(4.13) [object title] Munshis Ledger [object label] Islamic law prohibits the munshi (manager) from charging interest on the familys debt. Instead, he will over-charge for food or under-record the number of bricks produced. The debt will grow every time the family borrows money for food, medicine, or family occasion.
Ledger courtesy of Free The Slaves

(4.14) [object title] Translation (prices in Pakistani rupees). [object label] Accumulated debt 3,200 Meals & Lodging 700/week Loan for wedding 20,000 Total debt 23,900 Income 700/week (4.15) [panel title] Bonded to the kiln [panel]

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If the munshi (manager) suspects the family might escape, he may kidnap one of their children. The captive child will be locked up or forced to work for the munshi. The powerless family will have no choice but to remain at the kiln. (4.16) [object title] Dirt cheap [object label] Brickmaking has a very low margin of profit. Slave labor ensures bricks remain cheap.
Fue l 10% 10% 10% 50% Haule rs , Trans port Fam ily's pay M uns hi (m anage r) Profit

20%

(4.17) [panel title] Revolution! [panel] In 1988, a slave named Rehmat Masih sent a fax to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, requesting legal protection. The subsequent investigation revealed close cooperation between kiln owners and police. Eventually, the judge cancelled all bonded laborers outstanding debt. Kiln owners suddenly had to compete for workers, and the price of bricks nearly doubled. At the same time, bonded laborers from other industries flooded the Brickworkers Union with requests for help. An overwhelmed and understaffed union, combined with market forces, ushered back the debt-bondage system. (4.18) [object title] Telegram [object label] Rehmat Masih sparked nation-wide upheaval when he sent this telegram to Pakistans Supreme Court. In it, he pleaded for the courts legal protection.
Telegram courtesy of the Pakistan Supreme Court Archives

(4.19) [panel title] Telegram (translation) [object label] To: The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan

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We plead for protection and bread for our family. We are brick kiln bonded laborers. We have been set at liberty through the Court. And now three amongst us have been abducted by our owners. Our children and women are living in danger. We have filed complaint. No action taken. We are hiding like animals without protection or food. We are afraid and hungry. Please help us. We can be contacted through Council Asma Jehangir. Our state can be inspected. We want to live like human beings. The law gives no protection to us. Rehmat Masih and 20 companions with women and children. (4.20) [object title] Trade union poster [object label] Poster calling upon bonded workers to abandon the kilns, in response to the courts ruling that cancelled all debt.
Poster courtesy of Ben Buxton, Anti-Slavery International

(4.21) [panel title] Better luck next kiln [panel] At the end of the brickmaking season, the slaves may seek a new kiln. Typically only one family member will be permitted to leave and negotiate with other kiln owners. The family can only move if the new owner buys the familys entire debt. (4.22) [object title] Transfer slip [object label] This slip specifies the slaves names, jobs, and amounts of debt. The slave must present this slip when negotiating a new kiln for his family.
Slip courtesy of Free The Slaves

(4.23) [panel title] See Both Sides: Slavery or Destitution? [panel] 1) Everyone benefits from debt bondage. The munshi is guaranteed laborers, and the slaves are guaranteed employment. The kiln keeps the peasants from reaching starvation. 2) The fertile Punjab region has the potential to be Pakistans breadbasket. The government should eliminate the brick kilns and redistribute land to the peasants. Impoverished people can become self-sufficient. (4.24) [panel title] New season, same job 18

[panel] The Zullah family has begun the new brickmaking season at a new kiln. Here they will be paid a higher rate, but the well is farther, the soil is harder, and the munshi is crueler. The family will slip deeper into debt, and freedom will remain out of reach.

(5) [section banner] Slavery

Section #5 Abolishing Modern-day

Abolishing Modern-Day Slavery


(5.1) [section title]

Many slaves, many solutions


[section text]

The 27 million slaves alive today represent nearly twice the number of people forcefully taken during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. While quite large, this number is only one side of the story. Our world today is more aware, better connected and has more resources to combat slavery. Worldwide, many have risen to the challenge. Every single day, individuals and organizations fight slavery in different ways. Some

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persecute slaveowners, some advocate boycotts, some rehabilitate exslaves, and some provide financial support. There is no single solution, only a single outcome: Freedom.
(5.2) [panel title] See Both Sides: To Free or Not to Free? [panel] 1) Many slaves are bonded by a small debt often as low as $35. For under $1 billion, every single person on earth could be free. This is a negligible sum for a noble cause. 2) Buying slaves out of slavery rewards the perpetrators. Instead, we should eradicate slavery at the root by fighting the conditions that enable it: ignorance, poverty and corruption. (5.3) [object title] Combating modern-day slavery (5 minutes) [object label] Modern-day slavery expert Kevin Bales outlines the challenges and possibilities for combating slavery worldwide.
Footage courtesy of TED talks (www.ted.com)

(5.a.4) [subsection banner] Brazil: Mobile Labor Inspection Team (5.a.5) [panel title] Eradicating slavery at its root [panel] In 1995, the Brazilian government established a task force with one goal: raid establishments that use slave labor. The agents face multiple obstacles: locating slaves, getting them to cooperate, and avoiding the pistoleiros (gunmen). Since its inception, the unit has freed over 33,000 slaves. (5.a.6) [object title] Inspections [object label] A government agent listens and takes notes as Brazilian slaves recount the horrifying conditions of their enslavement.
Photograph courtesy of Leonardo Sokomato

(5.a.7) [object title] Labor inspector notebook 20

[object label] Federal agent Guilherme Moreira used this notebook to record the work conditions at the Santa Tereza ranch in central Brazil. He jotted down the slaves words, we work in the fields ten hours a day, six days a week. We are fed only rice and beans. I have not been paid a single real in five months.
Notebook courtesy of Guilherme Moreira

(5.a.8) [object title] Self-protection [object label] Rich and powerful landowners, corrupt police, and powerful private interests all pose a danger to the federal agents. The agents must take protective measures. 1) 9mm semi-automatic pistol 2) bulletproof vest
Courtesy of Brazils Mobile Labor Inspection Team

(5.a.10) [object title] Better late than never [object label] Brazilian courts have forced this landowner to compensate his ex-slaves. Some will receive over $1,000 in back pay enough to buy a small farm.
Photograph courtesy of Andre Lambertson

(5.b.11) [subsection banner] India: Liberating children from the looms (5.b.12) [panel title] Ashrams to the rescue [panel] Indian police are slow to find and rescue slaves. As a result, many ashrams (resting place) have taken this role upon themselves. The Ashram coordinator locates slaves and plans a rescue mission. The police will be notified at the last minute, to avoid leaks. (5.b.13) [object title] Surprise raid (3 minutes) [object label] This raid liberated ten children from the looms. The exact location of the raid was kept a secret, in case the loom owners had bribed local authorities.
Footage courtesy of Free The Slaves

(5.b.14) [object title] No one can cheat you

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[object label] Children at the Bal Vikas Ashram receive plenty of food, education and empowerment. After years of slavery, children are eager and motivated to learn. One child said, If you are illiterate, anyone can cheat you. If you are literate, no one can cheat you.
Photograph courtesy of Supriya Awasthi, Free The Slaves

(5.b.15) [object title] GoodWeave: certified slavery-free rugs [object label] The rug industry in India relies heavily on slave labor, especially of children. To help western consumers avoid slave-tainted goods, GoodWeave certifies rugs that are slaveryfree. Manufacturers must agree to surprise visits, and contribute a percent of their income to sustain GoodWeave programs.
Rug and tag courtesy of GoodWeave

(5.c.16) [subsection banner] India: Helping Slaves Help Themselves (5.c.17) [object title] One slave at a time [object label] Sankalp has a unique solution to slavery: small credit unions. Every month, each slave contributes a rupee (3 cents) into a joint fund. Eventually, the collective will liberate one slave, who will continue paying their higher wages into the fund. One by one, the slaves can purchase their own freedom. (5.c.18) [object title] From slave to owner [object label] Backed by Sankalp, the enslaved Kol tribe requested a bank loan and then successfully applied for a mining lease. Overnight, the Kol became self-sufficient. Some tribe members continued mining, and some invested in animals or agriculture. Their health and education drastically improved.
Documents courtesy of Sankalp

(5.20) [subsection title] Education: Spread the word (5.21) [object title] Knowledge is power [object label] Nobody chooses to be a slave. Yet every year, recruiters trick millions of people with promises of high wages, meals and other benefits. Modern-day slaves are cheap and disposable, and owners rely on a constant influx of healthy, strong and nave people.

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Education is the most effective antidote to slavery. Literacy, knowledge and empowerment can free an entire village from generations of bondage. The west must also learn. We must learn how our belongings are made; we must learn to ask whether our portfolios include slavery-tainted industries; we must learn to recognize our power to stop slavery, and we must re-learn that slavery can be abolished. (5.22) [object title] United Nation Declaration of Human Rights [object label] On December 10, 1948, the United Nations passed the Declaration of Human Rights. Sadly, many governments have failed to fully implement the declarations 30 articles.
On loan from Octavio Roth, United Nations

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