Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Creating an Enabling Environment for Urban Poors Access to Water Supply and Sanitation Services
Mohammad Shahjahan
Additional Chief Engineer & Project Director Dhaka Water Supply Sector Development Project Dhaka WASA
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as 1 to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
On an average 20% population of Dhaka city lack convenient access to water supply and 30% population of Dhaka city lack convenient access to sanitation.
Approximately more than 28 percent of Bangladeshs urban population lives in slums.
services and continue to rely on alternative sources that are often higher cost to the consumer. Inside the Dhaka city Dhaka WASA has successfully expanded water supply infrastructure, but this has not necessarily translated into improved service to the poor to the expected extent because of Right and title of the residing land .
4
inadequate sanitation in slums are huge. Often public toilets are not maintained and cannot be considered safe and sanitary. Disposal of sewage is frequently neglected. Many residents of slums defecate in the open and, even when they use toilets, most of the human waste goes into open drains.
Provide Assistance. Adopt Appropriate Investment Finance, Cost Recovery, and Subsidy Policies.
11
supply & sanitation services (WSS) for their family purposes. Lack of WSS facilities for urban poor results in more inconvenience for urban poor women as bear higher burdens in taking care of their families living in unhealthy & inhuman conditions. Lack of access to quality basic municipal services for urban poor women reduces their quality of life, time and opportunities for economic activities and increases their vulnerabilities.
12
sector and NGOs and CBOs in Planning and Design, O&M, financial contributions . Adopt Appropriate Investment Finance, Cost Recovery, and Subsidy Policies.
13
10% of the slum dwellers based on agreed criteria. Group formation and saving collection. Asset transfer for income generation activities. Providing start-up capital for business. Partnership between local service providers from Government, non- Government and private sectors. Providing health services and community based water & sanitation facilities. Cash allowances for old age and disabled household members.
15
small business efficiently if they get appropriate financial and technical support on time. Water, sanitation and health services are essential to continue their sound health which is directly linked with the individual productivity and family expenditure. Some households have less interest to be involved in action for business development rather more expectation of getting assets/cash. The PPP approach has offered opportunities for DWASA to extend water supply to urban poor without legal tenure.
16
NGOs and CBOs in Planning and Design, O&M, and finance. Train poor communities on O&M of facilities and good hygiene. Empower the poor to act within their own communities. Incorporate informal service providers into the solution. OUTPUTS:
STRENGTHENED DWASA ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND
FINANCIAL MANAMENT;
IMPROVED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND QUALITY CONTROL; STRENGTHENED MANAGERIAL STRUCTURE AND CAPACITY
OF DWASA;
REDUCED ILLEGAL CONNECTIONS; UNINTERRUPTED 24 HOURS PRESSURIZED SUPPLY.
17
Construction Level Activities of DMA Formation: Provide 30% of employment opportunity to women CBOs in construction and installation works e.g. as labors in earthwork. Form execution team including 30% women members for preparing Citizen Report Card (CRC) before and after construction period for consumer feedback. (Achieved) Conduct survey among the affected men and women for resettlement work within the designed area including 30% female members in the execution team.
19
house campaign work among men & 100% women dwellers in selected wards on (a) water conservation through economic use of water (b) hygienic use of water. D. Conduct training among men & 10% women dwellers in selected wards on operation, maintenance & management of communal water points to ensure the sustainability of water points. E. Form execution team for awareness campaign work including at least 50% female members. (Achieved)
20
Activities: Impart quarterly training to the Pourashava male and all female Councilors and other communal leaders on water supply improvement activities and participation in operation, maintenance & monitoring of water supply improvement activities. Impart at least two training programme to the communal male & all female leaders and other communal representatives on womens involvement, participation and empowerment issues in the project implementation.
21
consultation program with the project officials to introduce GAP and to share gender sensitive ideas among them. Develop gender responsive monitoring format. Recruit 30% female officials in all level of project implementation and monitoring. (Achieved)
22
mainstreaming. Prepare quarterly / annual implementation report of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) as a part of project progress report.
23
CHALLENGES
Challenges Encountered For Achieving Gender Related Objectives and Target: Womens reluctance to involve in participatory groups as their household activities would be hampered or they are discouraged by their families. Unavailability of expected qualified female candidate for significant positions. Women sometimes think the field level activities as a matter of indignity.
24
THANK YOU!
25