cen84959_ap02.

qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 933

Appendix 2
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (ENGLISH UNITS)

Table A1E
Table A2E
Table A3E
Table A4E
Table A5E
Table A6E
Table A7E
Table A8E
Figure A9E
Figure A10E
Table A11E
Table A12E
Table A13E
Figure A14E

Molar mass, gas constant, and

critical-point properties
Ideal-gas specific heats of various
common gases
Properties of common liquids, solids,
and foods
Saturated waterTemperature table
Saturated waterPressure table
Superheated water
Compressed liquid water
Saturated icewater vapor
T-s diagram for water
Mollier diagram for water
Saturated refrigerant-134a
Temperature table
Saturated refrigerant-134aPressure
table
Superheated refrigerant-134a
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a

Table A16E Properties of the atmosphere at high

altitude
Table A17E Ideal-gas properties of air
Table A18E Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2
Table A19E Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2
Table A20E Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide,
CO2
Table A21E Ideal-gas properties of carbon
monoxide, CO
Table A22E Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2
Table A23E Ideal-gas properties of water vapor,
H2O
Table A26E Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function
of formation, and absolute entropy at
77C, 1 atm
Table A27E Properties of some common fuels and
hydrocarbons
Figure A31E Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total
pressure

933

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934

Thermodynamics

TABLE A1E
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties

Substance

Formula

Molar
mass, M
lbm/lbmol

Air
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Bromine
n-Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloroform
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12)
Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21)
Ethane
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene
Helium
n-Hexane
Hydrogen (normal)
Krypton
Methane
Methyl alcohol
Methyl chloride
Neon
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Oxygen
Propane
Propylene
Sulfur dioxide
Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a)
Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11)
Water
Xenon

NH3
Ar
C6H6
Br2
C4H10
CO2
CO
CCl4
Cl2
CHCl3
CCl2F2
CHCl2F
C2H6
C2H5OH
C2H4
He
C6H14
H2
Kr
CH4
CH3OH
CH3Cl
Ne
N2
N2O
O2
C3H8
C3H6
SO2
CF3CH2F
CCl3F
H2O
Xe

28.97
17.03
39.948
78.115
159.808
58.124
44.01
28.011
153.82
70.906
119.38
120.91
102.92
30.020
46.07
28.054
4.003
86.178
2.016
83.80
16.043
32.042
50.488
20.183
28.013
44.013
31.999
44.097
42.081
64.063
102.03
137.37
18.015
131.30

Gas constant, R

Critical-point properties

Btu/
lbm R*

psia ft3/
lbm R*

Temperature,
R

0.06855
0.1166
0.04971
0.02542
0.01243
0.03417
0.04513
0.07090
0.01291
0.02801
0.01664
0.01643
0.01930
0.06616
0.04311
0.07079
0.4961
0.02305
0.9851
0.02370
0.1238
0.06198
0.03934
0.09840
0.07090
0.04512
0.06206
0.04504
0.04719
0.03100
0.01946
0.01446
0.1102
0.01513

0.3704
0.6301
0.2686
0.1374
0.06714
0.1846
0.2438
0.3831
0.06976
0.1517
0.08988
0.08874
0.1043
0.3574
0.2329
0.3825
2.6809
0.1245
5.3224
0.1280
0.6688
0.3349
0.2125
0.5316
0.3830
0.2438
0.3353
0.2433
0.2550
1.1675
0.1052
0.07811
0.5956
0.08172

238.5
729.8
272
1012
1052
765.2
547.5
240
1001.5
751
965.8
692.4
813.0
549.8
929.0
508.3
9.5
914.2
59.9
376.9
343.9
923.7
749.3
80.1
227.1
557.4
278.6
665.9
656.9
775.2
673.6
848.1
1164.8
521.55

Pressure,
psia
547
1636
705
714
1500
551
1071
507
661
1120
794
582
749
708
926
742
33.2
439
188.1
798
673
1154
968
395
492
1054
736
617
670
1143
588.7
635
3200
852

Volume,
ft3/lbmol
1.41
1.16
1.20
4.17
2.17
4.08
1.51
1.49
4.42
1.99
3.85
3.49
3.16
2.37
2.68
1.99
0.926
5.89
1.04
1.48
1.59
1.89
2.29
0.668
1.44
1.54
1.25
3.20
2.90
1.95
3.19
3.97
0.90
1.90

*Calculated from R
Ru /M, where Ru
1.98588 Btu/lbmol R
10.7316 psia ft3/lbmol R and M is the molar mass.
Source: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117236, and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American
Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 935

Appendix 2

935

TABLE A2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 80F
Gas

Formula

Air
Argon
Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
Methane
Neon
Nitrogen
Octane
Oxygen
Propane
Steam

Ar
C4H10
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
Ne
N2
C8H18
O2
C3H8
H2O

Gas constant, R
Btu/lbm R

cp
Btu/lbm R

cv
Btu/lbm R

0.06855
0.04971
0.03424
0.04513
0.07090
0.06616
0.07079
0.4961
0.9851
0.1238
0.09840
0.07090
0.01742
0.06206
0.04504
0.1102

0.240
0.1253
0.415
0.203
0.249
0.427
0.411
1.25
3.43
0.532
0.246
0.248
0.409
0.219
0.407
0.445

0.171
0.0756
0.381
0.158
0.178
0.361
0.340
0.753
2.44
0.403
0.1477
0.177
0.392
0.157
0.362
0.335

Source: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed.
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 687, Table A8E.

k
1.400
1.667
1.09
1.285
1.399
1.183
1.208
1.667
1.404
1.32
1.667
1.400
1.044
1.395
1.124
1.329

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936

Thermodynamics

TABLE A2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures
Temp.,
F

cp
Btu/lbm R

cv
Btu/lbm R

cp
Btu/lbm R

Air
40
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000

0.240
0.240
0.241
0.243
0.245
0.248
0.250
0.254
0.257
0.259
0.263
0.276
0.286

0.171
0.172
0.173
0.174
0.176
0.179
0.182
0.185
0.188
0.191
0.195
0.208
0.217

1.401
1.400
1.397
1.394
1.389
1.383
1.377
1.371
1.365
1.358
1.353
1.330
1.312

0.195
0.205
0.217
0.229
0.239
0.247
0.255
0.262
0.269
0.275
0.280
0.298
0.312

Hydrogen, H2
40
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000

3.397
3.426
3.451
3.461
3.466
3.469
3.473
3.477
3.494
3.502
3.513
3.618
3.758

2.412
2.441
2.466
2.476
2.480
2.484
2.488
2.492
2.509
2.519
2.528
2.633
2.773

cv
Btu/lbm R k

cp
cv
Btu/lbm R Btu/lbm R k

Carbon dioxide, C02

Carbon monoxide, CO

0.150
0.160
0.172
0.184
0.193
0.202
0.210
0.217
0.224
0.230
0.235
0.253
0.267

1.300
1.283
1.262
1.246
1.233
1.223
1.215
1.208
1.202
1.197
1.192
1.178
1.169

0.248
0.249
0.249
0.251
0.253
0.256
0.259
0.262
0.266
0.269
0.273
0.287
0.297

Nitrogen, N2
1.409
1.404
1.399
1.398
1.397
1.397
1.396
1.395
1.393
1.392
1.390
1.374
1.355

0.248
0.248
0.249
0.250
0.251
0.254
0.256
0.260
0.262
0.265
0.269
0.283
0.293

0.177
0.178
0.178
0.179
0.180
0.183
0.185
0.189
0.191
0.194
0.198
0.212
0.222

0.177
0.178
0.179
0.180
0.182
0.185
0.188
0.191
0.195
0.198
0.202
0.216
0.226

1.400
1.399
1.397
1.394
1.389
1.384
1.377
1.371
1.364
1.357
1.351
1.328
1.314

Oxygen, O2
1.400
1.399
1.398
1.396
1.393
1.388
1.383
1.377
1.371
1.364
1.359
1.334
1.319

0.219
0.220
0.223
0.226
0.230
0.235
0.239
0.242
0.246
0.249
0.252
0.263
0.270

0.156
0.158
0.161
0.164
0.168
0.173
0.177
0.181
0.184
0.187
0.190
0.201
0.208

1.397
1.394
1.387
1.378
1.368
1.360
1.352
1.344
1.337
1.331
1.326
1.309
1.298

Note: The unit Btu/lbm R is equivalent to Btu/lbm F.

Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), p. 830, Table A4. Originally published in Tables of Properties of
Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 937

Appendix 2

937

TABLE A2E
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded )
(c) As a function of temperature
cp
a  bT  cT 2  dT 3
(T in R, cp in Btu/lbmol R)

Substance

Formula

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Air
Hydrogen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Ammonia
Sulfur
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur trioxide
Acetylene
Benzene
Methanol
Ethanol
Hydrogen chloride
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n-Butane
i-Butane
n-Pentane
n-Hexane
Ethylene
Propylene

N2
O2

H2
CO
CO2
H2O
NO
N2O
NO2
NH3
S2
SO2
SO3
C2H2
C6H6
CH4O
C2H6O
HCl
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6

a
6.903
6.085
6.713
6.952
6.726
5.316
7.700
7.008
5.758
5.48
6.5846
6.499
6.157
3.918
5.21
8.650
4.55
4.75
7.244
4.750
1.648
0.966
0.945
1.890
1.618
1.657
0.944
0.753

b
0.02085
0.2017
0.02609
0.02542
0.02222
0.79361
0.02552
0.01247
0.7780
0.7583
0.34028
0.2943
0.7689
1.935
1.2227
6.4322
1.214
2.781
0.1011
0.6666
2.291
4.044
4.929
5.520
6.028
7.328
2.075
3.162

c





























102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102
102

0.05957 
0.05275 
0.03540 
0.02952 
0.03960 
0.2581 
0.07781 
0.07185 
0.2596 
0.260

0.073034 
0.1200 
0.2810 
0.8256 
0.4812 
2.327

0.0898 
0.7651 
0.09783 
0.09352 
0.4722 
1.159

1.352

1.696

1.656

2.112

0.6151 
0.8981 

% error
Temperature
range, R
Max.
Avg.

d
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

0.1176 
0.05372 
0.08052 
0.03565 
0.09100 
0.3059 
0.1472 
0.1715 
0.4331 
0.322 
0.27402 
0.1632 
0.3527 
1.328 
0.7457 
3.179 
0.329 
0.821 
0.1776 
0.4510 
0.2984 
1.300 
1.433 
2.044 
1.732 
2.363 
0.7326 
1.008 

109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109
109

491-3240
491-3240
491-3240
491-3240
491-3240
491-3240
491-3240
491-2700
491-2700
491-2700
491-2700
491-3240
491-3240
491-2340
491-2700
491-2700
491-1800
491-2700
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740
491-2740

0.59
1.19
0.72
1.02
0.89
0.67
0.53
0.97
0.59
0.46
0.91
0.99
0.45
0.29
1.46
0.34
0.18
0.40
0.22
1.33
0.83
0.40
0.54
0.25
0.56
0.72
0.54
0.73

0.34
0.28
0.33
0.26
0.37
0.22
0.24
0.36
0.26
0.18
0.36
0.38
0.24
0.13
0.59
0.20
0.08
0.22
0.08
0.57
0.28
0.12
0.24
0.13
0.21
0.20
0.13
0.17

Source: Chemical and Process Thermodynamics 3/E by Kyle, B. G., 2000. Adapted by permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.

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938

Thermodynamics

TABLE A3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance

Normal
boiling
point, F

Ammonia

27.9

Latent heat of
vaporization,
hfg Btu/lbm
24.54

Freezing data
Freezing
point, F

Latent heat
of fusion,
hif Btu/lbm

107.9

138.6

Argon
Benzene
Brine (20%
sodium chloride
by mass)
n-Butane
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Glycerine
Helium
Hydrogen
Isobutane
Kerosene
Mercury
Methane

302.6
176.4

69.5
169.4

308.7
41.9

12.0
54.2

219.0
31.1
109.2*
172.8
173.5
388.6
355.8
452.1
423.0
10.9
399559
674.1
258.7

165.6
99.6 (at 32F)
360.5
368
344.0
419
9.80
191.7
157.8
108
126.7
219.6

0.7
217.3
69.8
173.6
248.8
12.6
66.0

434.5
255.5
12.8
38.0
296.0

34.5

46.9
46.4
77.9
86.3

25.6
45.5

4.90
25.1

Methanol
Nitrogen

148.1
320.4

473
85.4

143.9
346.0

42.7
10.9

Octane
Oil (light)
Oxygen
Petroleum
Propane

256.6

297.3

43.7

131.7

91.5
99165
184.0

71.5

77.9

361.8

5.9

305.8

34.4

141.9

32

143.5

Refrigerant-134a

15.0

Water

212

93.3

970.1

Liquid properties
Density,
r lbm/ft3

Specific
heat, cp
Btu/lbm R

27.9
0
40
80
302.6
68

42.6
41.3
39.5
37.5
87.0
54.9

1.06
1.083
1.103
1.135
0.272
0.411

68
31.1
32
77
68
68
68
452.1
423.0
10.9
68
77
258.7
160
77
320.4
260
68
77
297.3
68
43.7
32
100
40
15
32
90
32
90
150
212

71.8
37.5
57.8
48.9
49.3
69.2
78.7
9.13
4.41
37.1
51.2
847
26.4
20.0
49.1
50.5
38.2
43.9
56.8
71.2
40.0
36.3
33.0
29.4
88.5
86.0
80.9
73.6
62.4
62.1
61.2
59.8

0.743
0.552
0.583
0.588
0.678
0.678
0.554
5.45
2.39
0.545
0.478
0.033
0.834
1.074
0.609
0.492
0.643
0.502
0.430
0.408
0.478
0.538
0.604
0.673
0.283
0.294
0.318
0.348
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01

Temperature,
F

*Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple-point pressure of 75.1 psia, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing-point
temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple-point temperature of 69.8F.)

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 939

Appendix 2

939

TABLE A3E
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Continued)
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Specific
heat, cp
Btu/lbm R

Density,
r lbm/ft3

Substance
Metals

Substance

Density,
r lbm/ft3

Specific
heat, cp
Btu/lbm R

132
120
144
144
62.4
151
169
139
156
169
50

0.220
0.189
0.229
0.156
0.220
0.147
0.191
0.200
0.170
0.243
0.260

Nonmetals

Aluminum
100F
32F
100F
200F
300F
400F
500F
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn,
2% Al)
Brass, yellow (65% Cu,
35% Zn)
Copper
60F
0F
100F
200F
390F
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Nickel
Silver
Steel, mild
Tungsten

517

0.192
0.212
0.218
0.224
0.229
0.235
0.240
0.0955

519

0.0955

170

Asphalt
Brick, common
Brick, fireclay (500C)
Concrete
Clay
Diamond
Glass, window
Glass, pyrex
Graphite
Granite
Gypsum or plaster board
Ice
50F
0F
20F
32F
Limestone
Marble
Plywood (Douglas fir)
Rubber (soft)
Rubber (hard)
Sand
Stone
Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.)
Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)

0.0862
0.0893
0.0925
0.0938
0.0963
0.107
0.030
0.239
0.105
0.056
0.119
0.031

555

490
705
108
555
655
489
1211

0.424
0.471
0.491
0.502
0.217
0.210

57.5
103
162
34.0
68.7
71.8
94.9
93.6
45.0
32.0

(c) Foods

Food
Apples
Bananas
Beef round
Broccoli
Butter
Cheese, Swiss
Cherries
Chicken
Corn, sweet
Eggs, whole
Ice cream

Water
content,
% (mass)
84
75
67
90
16
39
80
74
74
74
63

Specific heat,
Btu/lbm R

Freezing
point,
F

Above
freezing

Below
freezing

Latent
heat of
fusion,
Btu/lbm

30
31

31

14
29
27
31
31
22

0.873
0.801
0.737
0.921

0.513
0.841
0.793
0.793
0.793
0.705

0.453
0.426
0.402
0.471
0.249
0.318
0.441
0.423
0.423
0.423
0.390

121
108
96
129
23
56
115
106
106
106
90

Food
Lettuce
Milk, whole
Oranges
Potatoes
Salmon fish
Shrimp
Spinach
Strawberries
Tomatoes, ripe
Turkey
Watermelon

Water
content,
%
(mass)
95
88
87
78
64
83
93
90
94
64
93

Specific heat,
Btu/lbm R
Freezing
point,
Above
Below
F
freezing freezing
32
31
31
31
28
28
31
31
31

31

0.961
0.905
0.897
0.825
0.713
0.865
0.945
0.921
0.953
0.713
0.945

0.487
0.465
0.462
0.435
0.393
0.450
0.481
0.471
0.484
0.393
0.481

Latent
heat of
fusion,
Btu/lbm
136
126
125
112
92
119
134
129
135
92
134

Source: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing-point data of foods are from
ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, I-P version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993),
Chap. 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other
foods.

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 940

940

Thermodynamics

TABLE A4E
Saturated waterTemperature table
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm
Sat.
press.,
Psat psia

Temp.,
T F

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg
3299.9
2945.7
2443.6
2035.8
1703.1

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm
Sat.
liquid,
uf

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Evap.,
ufg

Sat.
vapor,
ug

0.000
3.004
8.032
13.05
18.07

1021.0
1019.0
1015.6
1012.2
1008.9

1021.0
1022.0
1023.7
1025.3
1026.9

Sat.
liquid,
hf

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R

Evap.,
hfg

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

0.000
3.004
8.032
13.05
18.07

1075.2
1073.5
1070.7
1067.8
1065.0

1075.2
1076.5
1078.7
1080.9
1083.1

0.00000
0.00609
0.01620
0.02620
0.03609

2.18672
2.17011
2.14271
2.11587
2.08956

2.1867
2.1762
2.1589
2.1421
2.1256

32.018
35
40
45
50

0.08871
0.09998
0.12173
0.14756
0.17812

0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602
0.01602

55
60
65
70
75

0.21413
0.25638
0.30578
0.36334
0.43016

0.01603 1430.4
0.01604 1206.1
0.01604 1020.8
0.01605
867.18
0.01606
739.27

23.07
28.08
33.08
38.08
43.07

1005.5
1002.1
998.76
995.39
992.02

1028.6
1030.2
1031.8
1033.5
1035.1

23.07
28.08
33.08
38.08
43.07

1062.2
1059.4
1056.5
1053.7
1050.9

1085.3
1087.4
1089.6
1091.8
1093.9

0.04586
0.05554
0.06511
0.07459
0.08398

2.06377
2.03847
2.01366
1.98931
1.96541

2.1096
2.0940
2.0788
2.0639
2.0494

80
85
90
95
100

0.50745
0.59659
0.69904
0.81643
0.95052

0.01607
0.01609
0.01610
0.01612
0.01613

632.41
542.80
467.40
403.74
349.83

48.06
53.06
58.05
63.04
68.03

988.65
985.28
981.90
978.52
975.14

1036.7
1038.3
1040.0
1041.6
1043.2

48.07
53.06
58.05
63.04
68.03

1048.0
1045.2
1042.4
1039.5
1036.7

1096.1
1098.3
1100.4
1102.6
1104.7

0.09328
0.10248
0.11161
0.12065
0.12961

1.94196
1.91892
1.89630
1.87408
1.85225

2.0352
2.0214
2.0079
1.9947
1.9819

110
120
130
140
150

1.2767
1.6951
2.2260
2.8931
3.7234

0.01617
0.01620
0.01625
0.01629
0.01634

264.96
202.94
157.09
122.81
96.929

78.01
88.00
97.99
107.98
117.98

968.36
961.56
954.73
947.87
940.98

1046.4
1049.6
1052.7
1055.9
1059.0

78.02
88.00
97.99
107.99
117.99

1031.0
1025.2
1019.4
1013.6
1007.8

1109.0
1113.2
1117.4
1121.6
1125.7

0.14728
0.16466
0.18174
0.19855
0.21508

1.80970
1.76856
1.72877
1.69024
1.65291

1.9570
1.9332
1.9105
1.8888
1.8680

160
170
180
190
200

4.7474
5.9999
7.5197
9.3497
11.538

0.01639
0.01645
0.01651
0.01657
0.01663

77.185
61.982
50.172
40.920
33.613

127.98
138.00
148.02
158.05
168.10

934.05
927.08
920.06
912.99
905.87

1062.0
1065.1
1068.1
1071.0
1074.0

128.00
138.02
148.04
158.08
168.13

1001.8
995.88
989.85
983.76
977.60

1129.8
1133.9
1137.9
1141.8
1145.7

0.23136
0.24739
0.26318
0.27874
0.29409

1.61670
1.58155
1.54741
1.51421
1.48191

1.8481
1.8289
1.8106
1.7930
1.7760

210
212
220
230
240

14.136
14.709
17.201
20.795
24.985

0.01670
0.01671
0.01677
0.01684
0.01692

27.798
26.782
23.136
19.374
16.316

178.15
180.16
188.22
198.31
208.41

898.68
897.24
891.43
884.10
876.70

1076.8
1077.4
1079.6
1082.4
1085.1

178.20
180.21
188.28
198.37
208.49

971.35
970.09
965.02
958.59
952.06

1149.5
1150.3
1153.3
1157.0
1160.5

0.30922
0.31222
0.32414
0.33887
0.35342

1.45046
1.44427
1.41980
1.38989
1.36069

1.7597
1.7565
1.7439
1.7288
1.7141

250
260
270
280
290

29.844
35.447
41.877
49.222
57.573

0.01700
0.01708
0.01717
0.01726
0.01735

13.816
11.760
10.059
8.6439
7.4607

218.54
228.68
238.85
249.04
259.26

869.21
861.62
853.94
846.16
838.27

1087.7
1090.3
1092.8
1095.2
1097.5

218.63
228.79
238.98
249.20
259.45

945.41
938.65
931.76
924.74
917.57

1164.0
1167.4
1170.7
1173.9
1177.0

0.36779
0.38198
0.39601
0.40989
0.42361

1.33216
1.30425
1.27694
1.25018
1.22393

1.6999
1.6862
1.6730
1.6601
1.6475

300
310
320
330
340

67.028
77.691
89.667
103.07
118.02

0.01745
0.01755
0.01765
0.01776
0.01787

6.4663
5.6266
4.9144
4.3076
3.7885

269.51
279.79
290.11
300.46
310.85

830.25
822.11
813.84
805.43
796.87

1099.8
1101.9
1104.0
1105.9
1107.7

269.73
280.05
290.40
300.80
311.24

910.24
902.75
895.09
887.25
879.22

1180.0
1182.8
1185.5
1188.1
1190.5

0.43720
0.45065
0.46396
0.47716
0.49024

1.19818
1.17289
1.14802
1.12355
1.09945

1.6354
1.6235
1.6120
1.6007
1.5897

350
360
370
380
390

134.63
153.03
173.36
195.74
220.33

0.01799
0.01811
0.01823
0.01836
0.01850

3.3425
2.9580
2.6252
2.3361
2.0842

321.29
331.76
342.29
352.87
363.50

788.16
779.28
770.23
761.00
751.58

1109.4
1111.0
1112.5
1113.9
1115.1

321.73
332.28
342.88
353.53
364.25

870.98
862.53
853.86
844.96
835.81

1192.7
1194.8
1196.7
1198.5
1200.1

0.50321
0.51607
0.52884
0.54152
0.55411

1.07570
1.05227
1.02914
1.00628
0.98366

1.5789
1.5683
1.5580
1.5478
1.5378

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 941

Appendix 2

941

TABLE A4E
Saturated waterTemperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Temp.,
T F

Sat.
press.,
Psat psia

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Sat.
liquid,
uf

Evap.,
ufg

Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
liquid,
hf

Evap.,
hfg

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

400
410
420
430
440

247.26
276.69
308.76
343.64
381.49

0.01864
0.01878
0.01894
0.01910
0.01926

1.8639
1.6706
1.5006
1.3505
1.2178

374.19
384.94
395.76
406.65
417.61

741.97
732.14
722.08
711.80
701.26

1116.2
1117.1
1117.8
1118.4
1118.9

375.04
385.90
396.84
407.86
418.97

826.39
816.71
806.74
796.46
785.87

1201.4
1202.6
1203.6
1204.3
1204.8

0.56663
0.57907
0.59145
0.60377
0.61603

0.96127
0.93908
0.91707
0.89522
0.87349

1.5279
1.5182
1.5085
1.4990
1.4895

450
460
470
480
490

422.47
466.75
514.52
565.96
621.24

0.01944
0.01962
0.01981
0.02001
0.02022

1.0999
0.99510
0.90158
0.81794
0.74296

428.66
439.79
451.01
462.34
473.77

690.47
679.39
668.02
656.34
644.32

1119.1
1119.2
1119.0
1118.7
1118.1

430.18
441.48
452.90
464.43
476.09

774.94
763.65
751.98
739.91
727.40

1205.1
1205.1
1204.9
1204.3
1203.5

0.62826
0.64044
0.65260
0.66474
0.67686

0.85187
0.83033
0.80885
0.78739
0.76594

1.4801
1.4708
1.4615
1.4521
1.4428

500
510
520
530
540

680.56
744.11
812.11
884.74
962.24

0.02044
0.02067
0.02092
0.02118
0.02146

0.67558
0.61489
0.56009
0.51051
0.46553

485.32
496.99
508.80
520.76
532.88

631.94
619.17
605.99
592.35
578.23

1117.3
1116.2
1114.8
1113.1
1111.1

487.89
499.84
511.94
524.23
536.70

714.44
700.99
687.01
672.47
657.31

1202.3
1200.8
1199.0
1196.7
1194.0

0.68899
0.70112
0.71327
0.72546
0.73770

0.74445
0.72290
0.70126
0.67947
0.65751

1.4334
1.4240
1.4145
1.4049
1.3952

550
560
570
580
590

1044.8
1132.7
1226.2
1325.5
1430.8

0.02176
0.02207
0.02242
0.02279
0.02319

0.42465
0.38740
0.35339
0.32225
0.29367

545.18
557.68
570.40
583.37
596.61

563.58
548.33
532.45
515.84
498.43

1108.8
1106.0
1102.8
1099.2
1095.0

549.39
562.31
575.49
588.95
602.75

641.47
624.91
607.55
589.29
570.04

1190.9
1187.2
1183.0
1178.2
1172.8

0.75000
0.76238
0.77486
0.78748
0.80026

0.63532
0.61284
0.59003
0.56679
0.54306

1.3853
1.3752
1.3649
1.3543
1.3433

600
610
620
630
640

1542.5
1660.9
1786.2
1918.9
2059.3

0.02362
0.02411
0.02464
0.02524
0.02593

0.26737
0.24309
0.22061
0.19972
0.18019

610.18
624.11
638.47
653.35
668.86

480.10
460.73
440.14
418.12
394.36

1090.3
1084.8
1078.6
1071.5
1063.2

616.92
631.52
646.62
662.32
678.74

549.67
528.03
504.92
480.07
453.14

1166.6
1159.5
1151.5
1142.4
1131.9

0.81323
0.82645
0.83998
0.85389
0.86828

0.51871
0.49363
0.46765
0.44056
0.41206

1.3319
1.3201
1.3076
1.2944
1.2803

650
660
670
680
690

2207.8
2364.9
2531.2
2707.3
2894.1

0.02673
0.02767
0.02884
0.03035
0.03255

0.16184
0.14444
0.12774
0.11134
0.09451

685.16
702.48
721.23
742.11
766.81

368.44
339.74
307.22
269.00
220.77

1053.6
1042.2
1028.5
1011.1
987.6

696.08
714.59
734.74
757.32
784.24

423.65
390.84
353.54
309.57
253.96

1119.7
1105.4
1088.3
1066.9
1038.2

0.88332
0.89922
0.91636
0.93541
0.95797

0.38177
0.34906
0.31296
0.27163
0.22089

1.2651
1.2483
1.2293
1.2070
1.1789

700
705.10

3093.0
3200.1

0.03670
0.04975

0.07482 801.75
0.04975 866.61

146.50
0

948.3
866.6

822.76
896.07

168.32
0

991.1
896.1

0.99023
1.05257

0.14514 1.1354
0
1.0526

Source: Tables A4E through A8E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The
routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary
Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation
replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES
as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22,
783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O
from 173.15 K to 473.15 K, ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 942

942

Thermodynamics

TABLE A5E
Saturated waterPressure table
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R

Sat.
temp.,
Tsat F

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Sat.
liquid,
uf

Evap.,
ufg

Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
liquid,
hf

Evap.,
hfg

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

101.69
126.02
141.41
152.91
162.18

0.01614
0.01623
0.01630
0.01636
0.01641

333.49
173.71
118.70
90.629
73.525

69.72
94.02
109.39
120.89
130.17

973.99
957.45
946.90
938.97
932.53

1043.7
1051.5
1056.3
1059.9
1062.7

69.72
94.02
109.40
120.90
130.18

1035.7
1021.7
1012.8
1006.0
1000.5

1105.4
1115.8
1122.2
1126.9
1130.7

0.13262
0.17499
0.20090
0.21985
0.23488

1.84495
1.74444
1.68489
1.64225
1.60894

1.9776
1.9194
1.8858
1.8621
1.8438

6
8
10
14.696
15

170.00
182.81
193.16
211.95
212.99

0.01645
0.01652
0.01659
0.01671
0.01672

61.982
47.347
38.425
26.805
26.297

138.00
150.83
161.22
180.12
181.16

927.08
918.08
910.75
897.27
896.52

1065.1
1068.9
1072.0
1077.4
1077.7

138.02
150.86
161.25
180.16
181.21

995.88
988.15
981.82
970.12
969.47

1133.9
1139.0
1143.1
1150.3
1150.7

0.24739
0.26757
0.28362
0.31215
0.31370

1.58155
1.53800
1.50391
1.44441
1.44441

1.8289
1.8056
1.7875
1.7566
1.7549

20
25
30
35
40

227.92
240.03
250.30
259.25
267.22

0.01683
0.01692
0.01700
0.01708
0.01715

20.093
16.307
13.749
11.901
10.501

196.21
208.45
218.84
227.92
236.02

885.63
876.67
868.98
862.19
856.09

1081.8
1085.1
1087.8
1090.1
1092.1

196.27
208.52
218.93
228.03
236.14

959.93
952.03
945.21
939.16
933.69

1156.2
1160.6
1164.1
1167.2
1169.8

0.33582
0.35347
0.36821
0.38093
0.39213

1.39606
1.36060
1.33132
1.30632
1.28448

1.7319
1.7141
1.6995
1.6872
1.6766

45
50
55
60
65

274.41
280.99
287.05
292.69
297.95

0.01721
0.01727
0.01732
0.01738
0.01743

9.4028
8.5175
7.7882
7.1766
6.6560

243.34
250.05
256.25
262.01
267.41

850.52
845.39
840.61
836.13
831.90

1093.9
1095.4
1096.9
1098.1
1099.3

243.49
250.21
256.42
262.20
267.62

928.68
924.03
919.70
915.61
911.75

1172.2
1174.2
1176.1
1177.8
1179.4

0.40216
0.41125
0.41958
0.42728
0.43443

1.26506
1.24756
1.23162
1.21697
1.20341

1.6672
1.6588
1.6512
1.6442
1.6378

70
75
80
85
90

302.91
307.59
312.02
316.24
320.26

0.01748
0.01752
0.01757
0.01761
0.01765

6.2075
5.8167
5.4733
5.1689
4.8972

272.50
277.31
281.87
286.22
290.38

827.90
824.09
820.45
816.97
813.62

1100.4
1101.4
1102.3
1103.2
1104.0

272.72
277.55
282.13
286.50
290.67

908.08
904.58
901.22
898.00
894.89

1180.8
1182.1
1183.4
1184.5
1185.6

0.44112
0.44741
0.45335
0.45897
0.46431

1.19078
1.17895
1.16783
1.15732
1.14737

1.6319
1.6264
1.6212
1.6163
1.6117

95
100
110
120
130

324.11
327.81
334.77
341.25
347.32

0.01770
0.01774
0.01781
0.01789
0.01796

4.6532
4.4327
4.0410
3.7289
3.4557

294.36
298.19
305.41
312.16
318.48

810.40
807.29
801.37
795.79
790.51

1104.8
1105.5
1106.8
1107.9
1109.0

294.67
298.51
305.78
312.55
318.92

891.89
888.99
883.44
878.20
873.21

1186.6
1187.5
1189.2
1190.8
1192.1

0.46941
0.47427
0.48341
0.49187
0.49974

1.13791
1.12888
1.11201
1.09646
1.08204

1.6073
1.6032
1.5954
1.5883
1.5818

140
150
160
170
180

353.03
358.42
363.54
368.41
373.07

0.01802
0.01809
0.01815
0.01821
0.01827

3.2202
3.0150
2.8347
2.6749
2.5322

324.45
330.11
335.49
340.62
345.53

785.49
780.69
776.10
771.68
767.42

1109.9
1110.8
1111.6
1112.3
1113.0

324.92
330.61
336.02
341.19
346.14

868.45
863.88
859.49
855.25
851.16

1193.4
1194.5
1195.5
1196.4
1197.3

0.50711
0.51405
0.52061
0.52682
0.53274

1.06858
1.05595
1.04405
1.03279
1.02210

1.5757
1.5700
1.5647
1.5596
1.5548

190
200
250
300
350

377.52
381.80
400.97
417.35
431.74

0.01833
0.01839
0.01865
0.01890
0.01912

2.4040
2.2882
1.8440
1.5435
1.3263

350.24
354.78
375.23
392.89
408.55

763.31
759.32
741.02
724.77
709.98

1113.6
1114.1
1116.3
1117.7
1118.5

350.89
355.46
376.09
393.94
409.79

847.19
843.33
825.47
809.41
794.65

1198.1
1198.8
1201.6
1203.3
1204.4

0.53839
0.54379
0.56784
0.58818
0.60590

1.01191
1.00219
0.95912
0.92289
0.89143

1.5503
1.5460
1.5270
1.5111
1.4973

400
450
500
550
600

444.62
456.31
467.04
476.97
486.24

0.01934
0.01955
0.01975
0.01995
0.02014

1.1617
1.0324
0.92819
0.84228
0.77020

422.70
435.67
447.68
458.90
469.46

696.31
683.52
671.42
659.91
648.88

1119.0
1119.2
1119.1
1118.8
1118.3

424.13
437.30
449.51
460.93
471.70

780.87
767.86
755.48
743.60
732.15

1205.0
1205.2
1205.0
1204.5
1203.9

0.62168
0.63595
0.64900
0.66107
0.67231

0.86350
0.83828
0.81521
0.79388
0.77400

1.4852
1.4742
1.4642
1.4550
1.4463

Press.,
P psia
1
2
3
4
5

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 943

Appendix 2

943

TABLE A5E
Saturated waterPressure table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Press.,
P psia

Sat.
temp.,
Tsat F

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Sat.
liquid,
uf

Evap.,
ufg

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm
Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
liquid,
hf

Evap.,
hfg

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R
Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

700
800
900
1000
1200

503.13
518.27
532.02
544.65
567.26

0.02051
0.02087
0.02124
0.02159
0.02232

0.65589
0.56920
0.50107
0.44604
0.36241

488.96
506.74
523.19
538.58
566.89

627.98
608.30
589.54
571.49
536.87

1116.9
1115.0
1112.7
1110.1
1103.8

491.62
509.83
526.73
542.57
571.85

710.29
689.48
669.46
650.03
612.39

1201.9
1199.3
1196.2
1192.6
1184.2

0.69279
0.71117
0.72793
0.74341
0.77143

0.73771
0.70502
0.67505
0.64722
0.59632

1.4305
1.4162
1.4030
1.3906
1.3677

1400
1600
1800
2000
2500

587.14
604.93
621.07
635.85
668.17

0.02307
0.02386
0.02470
0.02563
0.02860

0.30161
0.25516
0.21831
0.18815
0.13076

592.79
616.99
640.03
662.33
717.67

503.50
470.69
437.86
404.46
313.53

1096.3
1087.7
1077.9
1066.8
1031.2

598.76
624.06
648.26
671.82
730.90

575.66
539.18
502.35
464.60
360.79

1174.4
1163.2
1150.6
1136.4
1091.7

0.79658
0.81972
0.84144
0.86224
0.91311

0.54991
0.50645
0.46482
0.42409
0.31988

1.3465
1.3262
1.3063
1.2863
1.2330

3000
3200.1

695.41
705.10

0.03433
0.04975

0.08460
0.04975

783.39
866.61

186.41
0

969.8
866.6

802.45
896.07

214.32 1016.8
0
896.1

0.97321
1.05257

0.18554 1.1587
0
1.0526

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 944

944

Thermodynamics

TABLE A6E
Superheated water
T
F

u
Btu/lbm

v
ft3/lbm

h
Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
1.0 psia (101.69F)*

Sat.

333.49
200 392.53
240 416.44
280 440.33
320 464.20
360 488.07
400 511.92
440 535.77
500 571.54
600 631.14
700 690.73
800 750.31
1000 869.47
1200 988.62
1400 1107.8

1043.7
1077.5
1091.2
1105.0
1118.9
1132.9
1147.1
1161.3
1182.8
1219.4
1256.8
1295.1
1374.2
1457.1
1543.7

1105.4
1150.1
1168.3
1186.5
1204.8
1223.3
1241.8
1260.4
1288.6
1336.2
1384.6
1433.9
1535.1
1640.0
1748.7

26.297
27.429
29.085
30.722
32.348
33.965
35.576
37.986
41.988
45.981
49.967
57.930
65.885
73.836
81.784

Sat.
320
360
400
440
500
600
700
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

7.1766
7.4863
7.9259
8.3548
8.7766
9.4005
10.4256
11.4401
12.4484
14.4543
16.4525
18.4464
20.438
22.428
24.417

1077.7
1087.8
1102.4
1116.9
1131.3
1145.7
1160.1
1181.9
1218.7
1256.3
1294.6
1374.0
1456.9
1543.6
1634.0

1150.7
1163.9
1183.2
1202.2
1221.1
1239.9
1258.8
1287.3
1335.3
1383.9
1433.3
1534.8
1639.8
1748.5
1861.0

73.525
78.153
83.009
87.838
92.650
97.452
102.25
107.03
114.21
126.15
138.09
150.02
173.86
197.70
221.54

1.7549
1.7742
1.8010
1.8260
1.8496
1.8721
1.8936
1.9243
1.9718
2.0156
2.0565
2.1312
2.1986
2.2604
2.3178

20.093
20.478
21.739
22.980
24.209
25.429
26.644
28.458
31.467
34.467
37.461
43.438
49.407
55.373
61.335

1177.8
1192.7
1213.5
1233.7
1253.6
1283.1
1332.2
1381.6
1431.5
1533.5
1638.9
1747.8
1860.5
1976.6
2096.3

1.6442
1.6636
1.6897
1.7138
1.7364
1.7682
1.8168
1.8613
1.9026
1.9777
2.0454
2.1073
2.1648
2.2187
2.2694

5.4733
5.5440
5.8876
6.2187
6.5420
7.0177
7.7951
8.5616
9.3218
10.8313
12.3331
13.8306
15.3257
16.8192
18.3117

1062.7
1076.2
1090.3
1104.3
1118.4
1132.5
1146.7
1160.9
1182.6
1219.2
1256.7
1294.9
1374.2
1457.0
1543.7

1130.7
1148.5
1167.1
1185.6
1204.1
1222.6
1241.3
1260.0
1288.2
1335.9
1384.4
1433.7
1535.0
1640.0
1748.7

1081.8
1086.5
1101.4
1116.1
1130.7
1145.1
1159.7
1181.6
1218.5
1256.1
1294.5
1373.8
1456.8
1543.5
1633.9

1156.2
1162.3
1181.9
1201.2
1220.2
1239.3
1258.3
1286.9
1334.9
1383.7
1433.1
1534.6
1639.7
1748.4
1860.9

1.7319
1.7406
1.7679
1.7933
1.8171
1.8398
1.8614
1.8922
1.9398
1.9837
2.0247
2.0994
2.1668
2.2287
2.2861

P
80 psia (312.02F)
1102.3
1105.9
1122.7
1138.7
1154.3
1177.3
1215.4
1253.8
1292.6
1372.6
1455.9
1542.8
1633.3
1727.5
1825.0

1183.4
1187.9
1209.9
1230.8
1251.2
1281.2
1330.8
1380.5
1430.6
1532.9
1638.5
1747.5
1860.2
1976.5
2096.1

*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure.

1.8438
1.8716
1.8989
1.9246
1.9490
1.9722
1.9944
2.0156
2.0461
2.0933
2.1371
2.1778
2.2524
2.3198
2.3816

P
20 psia (227.92F)

P
60 psia (292.69F)
1098.1
1109.6
1125.5
1140.9
1156.1
1178.8
1216.5
1254.5
1293.3
1373.0
1456.2
1543.0
1633.5
1727.6
1825.2

s
Btu/
lbm R

h
Btu/lbm

P
5.0 psia (162.18F)

1.9776
2.0509
2.0777
2.1030
2.1271
2.1502
2.1722
2.1934
2.2237
2.2709
2.3146
2.3553
2.4299
2.4972
2.5590

P
15 psia (212.99F)
Sat.
240
280
320
360
400
440
500
600
700
800
1000
1200
1400
1600

u
Btu/lbm

v
ft3/lbm

Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.

1.6212
1.6271
1.6545
1.6794
1.7026
1.7350
1.7841
1.8289
1.8704
1.9457
2.0135
2.0755
2.1330
2.1869
2.2376

u
Btu/lbm

v
ft3/lbm

s
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm lbm R

P
10 psia (193.16F)
38.425
38.849
41.326
43.774
46.205
48.624
51.035
53.441
57.041
63.029
69.007
74.980
86.913
98.840
110.762

1072.0
1074.5
1089.1
1103.4
1117.6
1131.9
1146.2
1160.5
1182.2
1219.0
1256.5
1294.8
1374.1
1457.0
1543.6

1143.1
1146.4
1165.5
1184.4
1203.1
1221.8
1240.6
1259.4
1287.8
1335.6
1384.2
1433.5
1534.9
1639.9
1748.6

1.7875
1.7926
1.8207
1.8469
1.8716
1.8950
1.9174
1.9388
1.9693
2.0167
2.0605
2.1013
2.1760
2.2433
2.3052

P
40 psia (267.22F)
10.501

1092.1

1169.8

1.6766

10.713
11.363
11.999
12.625
13.244
14.165
15.686
17.197
18.702
21.700
24.691
27.678
30.662

1097.3
1112.9
1128.1
1143.1
1157.9
1180.2
1217.5
1255.3
1293.9
1373.4
1456.5
1543.3
1633.7

1176.6
1197.1
1216.9
1236.5
1256.0
1285.0
1333.6
1382.6
1432.3
1534.1
1639.3
1748.1
1860.7

1.6858
1.7128
1.7376
1.7610
1.7831
1.8143
1.8625
1.9067
1.9478
2.0227
2.0902
2.1522
2.2096

P
100 psia (327.81F)

4.4327 1105.5
4.6628
4.9359
5.2006
5.5876
6.2167
6.8344
7.4457
8.6575
9.8615
11.0612
12.2584
13.4541
14.6487

1119.8
1136.4
1152.4
1175.9
1214.4
1253.0
1292.0
1372.2
1455.6
1542.6
1633.2
1727.3
1824.9

1187.5

1.6032

1206.1
1227.8
1248.7
1279.3
1329.4
1379.5
1429.8
1532.4
1638.1
1747.2
1860.0
1976.3
2096.0

1.6263
1.6521
1.6759
1.7088
1.7586
1.8037
1.8453
1.9208
1.9887
2.0508
2.1083
2.1622
2.2130

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 945

Appendix 2

945

TABLE A6E
Superheated water (Continued )
T
F

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

h
Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
120 psia (341.25F)

Sat.
360
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

3.7289
3.8446
4.0799
4.3613
4.6340
4.9010
5.1642
5.6829
6.1950
7.2083
8.2137
9.2149
10.2135
11.2106
12.2067

Sat.
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

2.5322
2.6490
2.8514
3.0433
3.2286
3.4097
3.7635
4.1104
4.4531
4.7929
5.4674
6.1377
6.8054
7.4716
8.1367

1107.9
1116.7
1134.0
1154.5
1174.4
1193.9
1213.4
1252.2
1291.4
1371.7
1455.3
1542.3
1633.0
1727.2
1824.8

1190.8
1202.1
1224.6
1251.4
1277.3
1302.8
1328.0
1378.4
1429.0
1531.8
1637.7
1746.9
1859.8
1976.1
2095.8

1.5883
1.6023
1.6292
1.6594
1.6872
1.7131
1.7375
1.7829
1.8247
1.9005
1.9684
2.0305
2.0881
2.1420
2.1928

P
180 psia (373.07F)

1113.0
1126.3
1148.7
1169.8
1190.2
1210.2
1249.8
1289.5
1329.7
1370.5
1454.3
1541.6
1632.4
1726.7
1824.4

1197.3
1214.5
1243.7
1271.2
1297.7
1323.8
1375.2
1426.5
1478.0
1530.1
1636.5
1746.0
1859.1
1975.6
2095.4

1.5548
1.5752
1.6082
1.6376
1.6646
1.6897
1.7361
1.7785
1.8179
1.8549
1.9231
1.9855
2.0432
2.0971
2.1479

P
250 psia (400.97F)

Sat.
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

1.8440
2.0027
2.1506
2.2910
2.4264
2.5586
2.6883
2.9429
3.1930
3.4403
3.9295
4.4144
4.8969
5.3777
5.8575

1116.3
1141.3
1164.1
1185.6
1206.3
1226.8
1247.0
1287.3
1327.9
1369.0
1453.3
1540.8
1631.7
1726.2
1823.9

1201.6
1234.0
1263.6
1291.5
1318.6
1345.1
1371.4
1423.5
1475.6
1528.2
1635.0
1745.0
1858.3
1974.9
2094.9

1.5270
1.5636
1.5953
1.6237
1.6499
1.6743
1.6974
1.7406
1.7804
1.8177
1.8863
1.9488
2.0066
2.0607
2.1116

v
ft3/lbm

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

P
140 psia (353.03F)

3.2202
3.2584
3.4676
3.7147
3.9525
4.1845
4.4124
4.8604
5.3017
6.1732
7.0367
7.8961
8.7529
9.6082
10.4624

1109.9
1113.4
1131.5
1152.6
1172.9
1192.7
1212.3
1251.4
1290.8
1371.3
1455.0
1542.1
1632.8
1727.0
1824.6

1193.4
1197.8
1221.4
1248.9
1275.3
1301.1
1326.6
1377.3
1428.1
1531.3
1637.3
1746.6
1859.5
1975.9
2095.7

1.5757
1.5811
1.6092
1.6403
1.6686
1.6948
1.7195
1.7652
1.8072
1.8832
1.9512
2.0134
2.0711
2.1250
2.1758

P
200 psia (381.80F)

2.2882
2.3615
2.5488
2.7247
2.8939
3.0586
3.3796
3.6934
4.0031
4.3099
4.9182
5.5222
6.1238
6.7238
7.3227

1114.1
1123.5
1146.7
1168.2
1188.9
1209.1
1249.0
1288.9
1329.2
1370.1
1454.0
1541.4
1632.2
1726.5
1824.3

1198.8
1210.9
1241.0
1269.0
1296.0
1322.3
1374.1
1425.6
1477.3
1529.6
1636.1
1745.7
1858.8
1975.4
2095.3

1.5460
1.5602
1.5943
1.6243
1.6516
1.6771
1.7238
1.7664
1.8059
1.8430
1.9113
1.9737
2.0315
2.0855
2.1363

P
275 psia (409.45F)

1.6806
1.8034
1.9415
2.0715
2.1964
2.3179
2.4369
2.6699
2.8984
3.1241
3.5700
4.0116
4.4507
4.8882
5.3247

1117.0
1138.5
1162.0
1183.9
1204.9
1225.6
1246.0
1286.5
1327.3
1368.5
1452.9
1540.5
1631.5
1726.0
1823.8

1202.6
1230.3
1260.8
1289.3
1316.7
1343.5
1370.0
1422.4
1474.8
1527.4
1634.5
1744.6
1858.0
1974.7
2094.7

1.5187
1.5499
1.5825
1.6115
1.6380
1.6627
1.6860
1.7294
1.7694
1.8068
1.8755
1.9381
1.9960
2.0501
2.1010

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

s
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm lbm R

P
160 psia (363.54F)

2.8347

1111.6

1195.5

1.5647

3.0076
3.2293
3.4412
3.6469
3.8484
4.2434
4.6316
5.3968
6.1540
6.9070
7.6574
8.4063
9.1542

1129.0
1150.7
1171.4
1191.4
1211.3
1250.6
1290.2
1370.9
1454.7
1541.8
1632.6
1726.9
1824.5

1218.0
1246.3
1273.2
1299.4
1325.2
1376.3
1427.3
1530.7
1636.9
1746.3
1859.3
1975.7
2095.5

1.5914
1.6234
1.6522
1.6788
1.7037
1.7498
1.7920
1.8682
1.9363
1.9986
2.0563
2.1102
2.1610

P
225 psia (391.80F)

2.0423
2.0728
2.2457
2.4059
2.5590
2.7075
2.9956
3.2765
3.5530
3.8268
4.3689
4.9068
5.4422
5.9760
6.5087

1115.3
1119.7
1144.1
1166.2
1187.2
1207.7
1248.0
1288.1
1328.5
1369.5
1453.6
1541.1
1632.0
1726.4
1824.1

1200.3
1206.0
1237.6
1266.3
1293.8
1320.5
1372.7
1424.5
1476.5
1528.9
1635.6
1745.4
1858.6
1975.2
2095.1

1.5360
1.5427
1.5783
1.6091
1.6370
1.6628
1.7099
1.7528
1.7925
1.8296
1.8981
1.9606
2.0184
2.0724
2.1232

P
300 psia (417.35F)

1.5435
1.6369
1.7670
1.8885
2.0046
2.1172
2.2273
2.4424
2.6529
2.8605
3.2704
3.6759
4.0789
4.4803
4.8807

1117.7
1135.6
1159.8
1182.1
1203.5
1224.4
1244.9
1285.7
1326.6
1367.9
1452.5
1540.2
1631.3
1725.8
1823.6

1203.3
1226.4
1257.9
1287.0
1314.8
1341.9
1368.6
1421.3
1473.9
1526.7
1634.0
1744.2
1857.7
1974.5
2094.6

1.5111
1.5369
1.5706
1.6001
1.6270
1.6520
1.6755
1.7192
1.7593
1.7968
1.8657
1.9284
1.9863
2.0404
2.0913

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 946

946

Thermodynamics

TABLE A6E
Superheated water (Continued )
T
F

v
ft3/lbm

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

P
350 psia (431.74F)

Sat.
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

1.3263
1.3739
1.4921
1.6004
1.7030
1.8018
1.8979
2.0848
2.2671
2.4464
2.7996
3.1484
3.4947
3.8394
4.1830

Sat.
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

0.92815
0.99304
1.07974
1.15876
1.23312
1.30440
1.44097
1.57252
1.70094
1.82726
1.95211
2.1988
2.4430
2.6856
2.9271

1118.5
1129.3
1155.2
1178.6
1200.6
1221.9
1242.8
1284.1
1325.3
1366.9
1451.7
1539.6
1630.8
1725.4
1823.3

1204.4
1218.3
1251.9
1282.2
1310.9
1338.6
1365.8
1419.1
1472.2
1525.3
1633.0
1743.5
1857.1
1974.0
2094.2

1.4973
1.5128
1.5487
1.5795
1.6073
1.6328
1.6567
1.7009
1.7414
1.7791
1.8483
1.9111
1.9691
2.0233
2.0742

P
500 psia (467.04F)

1119.1
1140.1
1167.1
1191.4
1214.3
1236.4
1279.2
1321.4
1363.6
1406.2
1449.4
1537.8
1629.4
1724.2
1822.3

1205.0
1231.9
1267.0
1298.6
1328.4
1357.0
1412.5
1466.9
1521.0
1575.3
1630.0
1741.2
1855.4
1972.7
2093.1

1.4642
1.4928
1.5284
1.5590
1.5865
1.6117
1.6576
1.6992
1.7376
1.7735
1.8075
1.8708
1.9291
1.9834
2.0345

P
800 psia (518.27F)

Sat.
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

0.56920
0.61586
0.67799
0.73279
0.78330
0.83102
0.87678
0.96434
1.04841
1.13024
1.21051
1.36797
1.52283
1.67606
1.82823

1115.0
1139.4
1170.5
1197.6
1222.4
1246.0
1268.9
1313.3
1357.0
1400.7
1444.6
1534.2
1626.5
1721.9
1820.4

1199.3
1230.5
1270.9
1306.0
1338.4
1369.1
1398.7
1456.0
1512.2
1568.0
1623.8
1736.7
1851.9
1970.0
2091.0

1.4162
1.4476
1.4866
1.5191
1.5476
1.5735
1.5975
1.6413
1.6812
1.7181
1.7528
1.8170
1.8759
1.9306
1.9819

v
ft3/lbm

u
h
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
400 psia (444.62F)

1.1617
1.1747
1.2851
1.3840
1.4765
1.5650
1.6507
1.8166
1.9777
2.1358
2.4465
2.7527
3.0565
3.3586
3.6597

1119.0
1122.5
1150.4
1174.9
1197.6
1219.4
1240.7
1282.5
1324.0
1365.8
1450.9
1539.0
1630.3
1725.0
1823.0

1205.0
1209.4
1245.6
1277.3
1306.9
1335.3
1362.9
1417.0
1470.4
1523.9
1632.0
1742.7
1856.5
1973.6
2093.9

1.4852
1.4901
1.5288
1.5610
1.5897
1.6158
1.6401
1.6849
1.7257
1.7636
1.8331
1.8960
1.9541
2.0084
2.0594

P
600 psia (486.24F)

0.77020
0.79526
0.87542
0.94605
1.01133
1.07316
1.19038
1.30230
1.41097
1.51749
1.62252
1.82957
2.0340
2.2369
2.4387

1118.3
1128.2
1158.7
1184.9
1209.0
1231.9
1275.8
1318.7
1361.4
1404.4
1447.8
1536.6
1628.4
1723.4
1821.7

1203.9
1216.5
1255.9
1289.9
1321.3
1351.0
1408.0
1463.3
1518.1
1572.9
1627.9
1739.7
1854.2
1971.8
2092.4

1.4463
1.4596
1.4996
1.5325
1.5614
1.5877
1.6348
1.6771
1.7160
1.7522
1.7865
1.8501
1.9085
1.9630
2.0141

P
1000 psia (544.65F)

0.44604
0.45375
0.51431
0.56411
0.60844
0.64944
0.68821
0.76136
0.83078
0.89783
0.96327
1.09101
1.21610
1.33956
1.46194

1110.1
1115.2
1154.1
1185.1
1212.4
1237.6
1261.7
1307.7
1352.5
1396.9
1441.4
1531.8
1624.6
1720.3
1819.1

1192.6
1199.2
1249.3
1289.5
1325.0
1357.8
1389.0
1448.6
1506.2
1563.1
1619.7
1733.7
1849.6
1968.2
2089.6

1.3906
1.3972
1.4457
1.4827
1.5140
1.5418
1.5670
1.6126
1.6535
1.6911
1.7263
1.7911
1.8504
1.9053
1.9568

v
ft3/lbm

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

P
450 psia (456.31F)

1.0324

1119.2

1205.2

1.4742

1.1233
1.2152
1.3001
1.3807
1.4584
1.6080
1.7526
1.8942
2.1718
2.4450
2.7157
2.9847
3.2527

1145.4
1171.1
1194.6
1216.9
1238.5
1280.8
1322.7
1364.7
1450.1
1538.4
1629.8
1724.6
1822.6

1238.9
1272.3
1302.8
1331.9
1360.0
1414.7
1468.6
1522.4
1631.0
1742.0
1856.0
1973.2
2093.5

1.5103
1.5441
1.5737
1.6005
1.6253
1.6706
1.7117
1.7499
1.8196
1.8827
1.9409
1.9952
2.0462

P
700 psia (503.13F)

0.65589

1116.9

1201.9

1.4305

0.72799
0.79332
0.85242
0.90769
1.01125
1.10921
1.20381
1.29621
1.38709
1.56580
1.74192
1.91643
2.08987

1149.5
1177.9
1203.4
1227.2
1272.4
1316.0
1359.2
1402.5
1446.2
1535.4
1627.5
1722.7
1821.0

1243.8
1280.7
1313.8
1344.8
1403.4
1459.7
1515.2
1570.4
1625.9
1738.2
1853.1
1970.9
2091.7

1.4730
1.5087
1.5393
1.5666
1.6150
1.6581
1.6974
1.7341
1.7685
1.8324
1.8911
1.9457
1.9969

P
1250 psia (572.45F)

0.34549

1102.0

1181.9

1.3623

0.37894
0.42703
0.46735
0.50344
0.53687
0.59876
0.65656
0.71184
0.76545
0.86944
0.97072
1.07036
1.16892

1129.5
1167.5
1198.7
1226.4
1252.2
1300.5
1346.7
1392.2
1437.4
1528.7
1622.2
1718.4
1817.5

1217.2
1266.3
1306.8
1342.9
1376.4
1439.0
1498.6
1556.8
1614.5
1729.8
1846.7
1966.0
2087.9

1.3961
1.4414
1.4771
1.5076
1.5347
1.5826
1.6249
1.6635
1.6993
1.7649
1.8246
1.8799
1.9315

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 947

Appendix 2

947

TABLE A6E
Superheated water (Concluded)
T
F

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

s
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm lbm R

P
1500 psia (596.26F)

1092.1
1097.2
1147.2
1183.6
1214.4
1242.2
1268.2
1293.1
1340.9
1387.3
1433.3
1525.7
1619.8
1716.4
1815.9

1169.0
1175.4
1239.7
1286.9
1326.9
1363.1
1396.9
1429.2
1490.8
1550.5
1609.2
1726.0
1843.8
1963.7
2086.1

1.3362
1.3423
1.4016
1.4433
1.4771
1.5064
1.5328
1.5569
1.6007
1.6402
1.6767
1.7432
1.8033
1.8589
1.9108

v
ft3/lbm

u
h
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
1750 psia (617.17F)

Sat.
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

0.27695
0.28189
0.33310
0.37198
0.40535
0.43550
0.46356
0.49015
0.54031
0.58781
0.63355
0.72172
0.80714
0.89090
0.97358

Sat.
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000

0.13076

1031.2

1091.7

1.2330

0.08460

969.8

1016.8

1.1587

0.16849
0.20327
0.22949
0.25174
0.27165
0.29001
0.30726
0.33949
0.36966
0.42631
0.48004
0.53205
0.58295

1098.4
1154.9
1195.9
1230.1
1260.7
1289.1
1316.1
1367.3
1416.6
1513.3
1610.1
1708.6
1809.4

1176.3
1249.0
1302.0
1346.6
1386.4
1423.3
1458.2
1524.4
1587.6
1710.5
1832.2
1954.8
2079.1

1.3072
1.3686
1.4116
1.4463
1.4761
1.5028
1.5271
1.5710
1.6103
1.6802
1.7424
1.7991
1.8518

0.09838
0.14840
0.17601
0.19771
0.21640
0.23321
0.24876
0.27732
0.30367
0.35249
0.39830
0.44237
0.48532

1005.3
1114.1
1167.5
1208.2
1242.8
1273.9
1302.8
1356.8
1408.0
1507.0
1605.3
1704.7
1806.1

1059.9
1196.5
1265.3
1317.9
1362.9
1403.3
1440.9
1510.8
1576.6
1702.7
1826.4
1950.3
2075.6

1.1960
1.3118
1.3676
1.4086
1.4423
1.4716
1.4978
1.5441
1.5850
1.6567
1.7199
1.7773
1.8304

P
2500 psia (668.17F)

0.02448
0.02871
0.06370
0.10520
0.12848
0.14647
0.16176
0.17538
0.19957
0.22121
0.24128
0.26028
0.29620
0.33033
0.36335

657.9
742.3
962.1
1094.2
1156.7
1202.5
1240.7
1274.6
1335.1
1390.3
1443.0
1494.3
1595.5
1696.8
1799.7

676.1
763.6
1009.2
1172.1
1251.8
1310.9
1360.5
1404.4
1482.8
1554.1
1621.6
1687.0
1814.7
1941.4
2068.6

P
2000 psia (635.85F)

1080.5

1153.9

1.3112

0.18815

1066.8

1136.4

1.2863

0.26292
0.30252
0.33455
0.36266
0.38835
0.41238
0.45719
0.49917
0.53932
0.61621
0.69031
0.76273
0.83406

1122.8
1166.8
1201.5
1231.7
1259.3
1285.4
1334.9
1382.4
1429.2
1522.6
1617.4
1714.5
1814.2

1207.9
1264.7
1309.8
1349.1
1385.1
1419.0
1482.9
1544.1
1603.9
1722.1
1840.9
1961.5
2084.3

1.3607
1.4108
1.4489
1.4807
1.5088
1.5341
1.5796
1.6201
1.6572
1.7245
1.7852
1.8410
1.8931

0.20586
0.24894
0.28074
0.30763
0.33169
0.35390
0.39479
0.43266
0.46864
0.53708
0.60269
0.66660
0.72942

1091.4
1147.6
1187.4
1220.5
1250.0
1277.5
1328.7
1377.5
1425.1
1519.5
1615.0
1712.5
1812.6

1167.6
1239.8
1291.3
1334.3
1372.8
1408.5
1474.9
1537.6
1598.5
1718.3
1838.0
1959.2
2082.6

1.3146
1.3783
1.4218
1.4567
1.4867
1.5134
1.5606
1.6021
1.6400
1.7081
1.7693
1.8255
1.8778

P
3000 psia (695.41F)

P
3500 psia
0.02492
0.03065
0.10460
0.13639
0.15847
0.17659
0.19245
0.20687
0.23289
0.25654
0.29978
0.33994
0.37833
0.41561

P
5000 psia
0.8577
0.9347
1.1410
1.2734
1.3355
1.3799
1.4157
1.4463
1.4983
1.5426
1.5821
1.6182
1.6835
1.7422
1.7961

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

0.22681

P
4000 psia
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1600
1800
2000

v
ft3/lbm

0.02379
0.02678
0.03373
0.05937
0.08551
0.10390
0.11863
0.13128
0.15298
0.17185
0.18902
0.20508
0.23505
0.26320
0.29023

648.3
721.8
821.8
986.9
1092.4
1155.9
1203.9
1244.0
1312.2
1372.1
1427.8
1481.4
1585.6
1689.0
1793.2

670.3
746.6
853.0
1041.8
1171.5
1252.1
1313.6
1365.5
1453.8
1531.1
1602.7
1671.1
1803.1
1932.5
2061.7

663.7
760.0
1057.6
1134.3
1183.8
1223.4
1257.8
1289.0
1346.1
1399.3
1500.7
1600.4
1700.8
1802.9

679.9
779.9
1125.4
1222.6
1286.5
1337.8
1382.4
1423.0
1496.9
1565.4
1694.8
1820.5
1945.8
2072.1

0.8632
0.9511
1.2434
1.3224
1.3721
1.4106
1.4428
1.4711
1.5201
1.5627
1.6364
1.7006
1.7586
1.8121

P
6000 psia
0.8485
0.9156
1.0054
1.1581
1.2593
1.3198
1.3643
1.4004
1.4590
1.5070
1.5490
1.5868
1.6542
1.7142
1.7689

0.02325
0.02564
0.02981
0.03949
0.05815
0.07584
0.09010
0.10208
0.12211
0.13911
0.15434
0.16841
0.19438
0.21853
0.24155

640.3
708.1
788.7
897.1
1018.6
1103.5
1163.7
1211.4
1288.4
1353.4
1412.5
1468.4
1575.7
1681.1
1786.7

666.1
736.5
821.8
941.0
1083.1
1187.7
1263.7
1324.7
1424.0
1507.8
1583.8
1655.4
1791.5
1923.7
2054.9

0.8408
0.9028
0.9747
1.0711
1.1819
1.2603
1.3153
1.3578
1.4237
1.4758
1.5203
1.5598
1.6294
1.6907
1.7463

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 948

948

Thermodynamics

TABLE A7E
Compressed liquid water
T
F

u
h
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

v
ft3/lbm

s
v
Btu/lbm R ft3/lbm

P
500 psia (467.04F)

Sat.
32
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550

0.019750
0.015994
0.015998
0.016107
0.016317
0.016607
0.016972
0.017417
0.017954
0.018609
0.019425

Sat.
32
50
100
200
300
400
450
500
560
600
640
680
700

0.025634
0.015912
0.015921
0.016035
0.016527
0.017310
0.018442
0.019199
0.020154
0.021739
0.023317

447.68
0.01
18.03
67.86
117.70
167.70
218.04
268.92
320.64
373.61
428.44

449.51
1.49
19.51
69.35
119.21
169.24
219.61
270.53
322.30
375.33
430.24

0.64900
0.00001
0.03601
0.12930
0.21462
0.29349
0.36708
0.43641
0.50240
0.56595
0.62802

P
2000 psia (635.85F)

662.33
0.07
17.91
67.36
166.54
266.92
370.30
424.06
480.08
552.21
605.77

671.82
5.96
23.80
73.30
172.66
273.33
377.12
431.16
487.54
560.26
614.40

0.86224
0.00010
0.03574
0.12838
0.29170
0.43376
0.56205
0.62314
0.68346
0.75692
0.80898

u
h
s
v
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm R ft3/lbm
P
1000 psia (544.65F)

0.021595
0.015966
0.015972
0.016083
0.016292
0.016580
0.016941
0.017380
0.017910
0.018552
0.019347
0.020368

538.58
0.03
17.99
67.69
117.42
167.31
217.51
268.24
319.77
372.48
426.93
484.03

542.57
2.99
20.95
70.67
120.43
170.38
220.65
271.46
323.08
375.91
430.51
487.80

0.74341
0.00005
0.03593
0.12899
0.21416
0.29289
0.36634
0.43551
0.50132
0.56463
0.62635
0.68764

P
1500 psia (596.26F)

0.023456
0.015939
0.015946
0.016059
0.016267
0.016553
0.016911
0.017345
0.017866
0.018496
0.019271
0.020258
0.021595

P
3000 psia (695.41F)

0.034335
0.015859
0.015870
0.015988
0.016475
0.017242
0.018338
0.019062
0.019960
0.021405
0.022759
0.024765
0.028821

783.39
0.10
17.83
67.04
165.79
265.65
368.22
421.36
476.45
546.59
597.42
654.52
728.63

802.45
8.90
26.64
75.91
174.94
275.22
378.41
431.94
487.53
558.47
610.06
668.27
744.64

0.97321
0.00011
0.03554
0.12776
0.29053
0.43204
0.55959
0.62010
0.67958
0.75126
0.80086
0.85476
0.92288

u
h
s
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm Btu/lbm R

605.07
0.05
17.95
67.53
117.14
166.92
217.00
267.57
318.91
371.37
425.47
482.01
542.50

611.58
4.48
22.38
71.98
121.66
171.52
221.69
272.39
323.87
376.51
430.82
487.63
548.50

0.80836
0.00008
0.03584
0.12869
0.21369
0.29229
0.36560
0.43463
0.50025
0.56333
0.62472
0.68550
0.74731

P
5000 psia
0.015756
0.015773
0.015897
0.016375
0.017112
0.018145
0.018812
0.019620
0.020862
0.021943
0.023358
0.025366
0.026777

0.13
17.65
66.41
164.36
263.24
364.35
416.40
469.94
537.08
584.42
634.95
690.67
721.78

14.71
32.25
81.12
179.51
279.07
381.14
433.80
488.10
556.38
604.72
656.56
714.14
746.56

0.00002
0.03505
0.12652
0.28824
0.42874
0.55492
0.61445
0.67254
0.74154
0.78803
0.83603
0.88745
0.91564

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 949

Appendix 2

949

TABLE A8E
Saturated icewater vapor
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Temp.,
T F

Sat.
press.,
Psat
psia

Sat.
ice,
vi

32.018
32
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

0.08871
0.08864
0.08086
0.06405
0.05049
0.03960
0.03089
0.02397
0.01850
0.01420
0.01083
0.00821
0.00619
0.00463
0.00344
0.00254
0.00186

0.01747
3299.6
0.01747
3302.6
0.01747
3605.8
0.01746
4505.8
0.01746
5657.6
0.01745
7138.9
0.01744
9054.0
0.01743 11,543
0.01743 14,797
0.01742 19,075
0.01741 24,731
0.01740 32,257
0.01740 42,335
0.01739 55,917
0.01738 74,345
0.01738 99,526
0.01737 134,182

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Entropy,
Btu/Ibm R

Sat.
ice,
ui

Subl.,
uig

Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
ice,
hi

Subl.,
hig

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
ice,
si

Subl.,
sig

Sat.
vapor,
sg

143.34
143.35
144.35
146.85
149.32
151.76
154.18
156.57
158.94
161.28
163.60
165.90
168.16
170.41
172.63
174.83
177.00

1164.2
1164.2
1164.6
1165.4
1166.2
1167.0
1167.8
1168.5
1169.2
1169.9
1170.6
1171.2
1171.8
1172.4
1173.0
1173.5
1174.0

1020.9
1020.9
1020.2
1018.6
1016.9
1015.2
1013.6
1011.9
1010.3
1008.6
1007.0
1005.3
1003.6
1002.0
1000.3
998.7
997.0

143.34
143.35
144.35
146.85
149.32
151.76
154.18
156.57
158.94
161.28
163.60
165.90
168.16
170.41
172.63
174.83
177.00

1218.3
1218.4
1218.5
1218.8
1219.1
1219.3
1219.5
1219.7
1219.9
1220.0
1220.1
1220.2
1220.3
1220.3
1220.3
1220.3
1220.3

1075.0
1075.0
1074.2
1072.0
1069.8
1067.6
1065.4
1063.1
1060.9
1058.7
1056.5
1054.3
1052.1
1049.9
1047.7
1045.5
1043.3

0.29146
0.29148
0.29353
0.29865
0.30377
0.30889
0.31401
0.31913
0.32426
0.32938
0.33451
0.33964
0.34478
0.34991
0.35505
0.36019
0.36534

2.4779
2.4779
2.4883
2.5146
2.5414
2.5687
2.5965
2.6248
2.6537
2.6832
2.7133
2.7440
2.7754
2.8074
2.8401
2.8735
2.9076

2.1864
2.1865
2.1948
2.2160
2.2376
2.2598
2.2825
2.3057
2.3295
2.3538
2.3788
2.4044
2.4306
2.4575
2.4850
2.5133
2.5423

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 950

Thermodynamics
Connstant
Pressure
lbf/in 2

1800

10000
8000
5000 6000
3 204 4000
2 5 00 3000

100

10

1620
30

14.696

1 000

10

1640

1600

95

1
2

150
00
100
80 00
00

04

20

100

300

200

25

10

1 4 .6

400

1220

300
1180

10

1160
50

6
00

1140
2

11

1200

0 .2
1000

1.5

200

1120
0 .5

95

1100

2000

1.0

2000

10
5
00 0

90

80

70

500

100

0 .1

60

30

500

96

100

20

15

85

200

90

600

1000

30

1220

10

500

bm

600
0

95

700

200

00

me ft 3/l

1 280

400
85

75

60

45

100

65

50

55

40

75

70

0
60

35

0
Constant Enthalpy Btu/lbm
35
0

1 260

1 20

45

40

1300

10

0
65

0
55

30

1320

1 240

3 /l b m
u m e ft

500

25

50

1340

n t V olu

00

15
10
2

450

20

1360

600

500
350

400

15

55

1380

C o n sta

00

20

0.0 0.03
560
53

Con
stan
t Qu
ality
, Pe
rcen
t

0
115
0
110

900

0
100

800
lbm
Btu/
halpy
nt Ent
Consta
700

0 .4

400
300

200

250

100

150

50

10

1200
00

10

0
00

t F
rhea
Supe
tant
Cons

0.2

50

0.5

50

1400

00

20

0.0

1300
00

800

60

50

1
0.

0.6

65

1420

32

400

25

ol

50

900
70

1440

ta nt V

75

1460

00
60
00
50

700

C o ns

1400

00

1480

800

400

50

1000
80

1500

100
0

900

1500

85

1540

1520

500

90

1560

0.6

110
0

600

00

1100

10

1580
0.4

120
0

11

1660

0.2

0.05053

0.11

11

1700

600

130

12

1740

1720

1680

600

1400

12

1760

400
300
200

1500
0

1500

13

1780

2.0

Entropy, Btu/lbmR

FIGURE A9E
T-s diagram for water.
Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes, Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).

60
32
2.4

Temperature, F

950

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 951

Appendix 2

951

Entropy, Btu/lbm R
1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9
F
1100F

2.0

2.1

2.2

1600

1550
1000

1500

500

900

300
200

1450
psia

1400

1350

20

F
700F

50

100

800

10

600

Enthalpy, Btu / lbm

100
0

3204
200
0

10,00
0 psi
a
5000

1.5

1300
8
5 6
2p 3 4
sia

500

400

1.5

1.6

0.
2

100

2.2

1100
2.1
1050
2.0

84
0.

1.4

1150

0.
5

200F
200
200F

1000

2
0.8 0
0.8

1.3

1200
1.0

300
satu
line ration
x=
0.9
8
0.9
6
0.9
4
0.9
2
0.9
0
0.8
8
0.
86

1250

1.9
950

1.7
1.8
Entropy, Btu/lbm R

FIGURE A10E
Mollier diagram for water.
Source: Joseph H. Keenan, Frederick G. Keyes,
Philip G. Hill, and Joan G. Moore, Steam Tables
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1969).

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 952

952

Thermodynamics

TABLE A11E
Saturated refrigerant-134aTemperature table
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Sat.
Temp., press.,
T F
Psat psia

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Sat.
liquid,
uf

Evap.,
ufg

Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
liquid,
hf

40
35
30
25
20
15
10

7.432
8.581
9.869
11.306
12.906
14.680
16.642

0.01130
0.01136
0.01143
0.01150
0.01156
0.01163
0.01171

5.7796
5.0509
4.4300
3.8988
3.4426
3.0494
2.7091

0.016
1.484
2.990
4.502
6.019
7.543
9.073

89.167
88.352
87.532
86.706
85.874
85.036
84.191

89.15
89.84
90.52
91.21
91.89
92.58
93.26

0.000
1.502
3.011
4.526
6.047
7.574
9.109

5
0
5
10
15

18.806
21.185
23.793
26.646
29.759

0.01178
0.01185
0.01193
0.01201
0.01209

2.4137
2.1564
1.9316
1.7345
1.5612

10.609
12.152
13.702
15.259
16.823

83.339
82.479
81.610
80.733
79.846

93.95
94.63
95.31
95.99
96.67

20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55

33.147
36.826
40.813
45.124
49.776
54.787
60.175
65.957

0.01217
0.01225
0.01234
0.01242
0.01251
0.01261
0.01270
0.01280

1.4084
1.2732
1.1534
1.0470
0.95205
0.86727
0.79136
0.72323

18.394
19.973
21.560
23.154
24.757
26.369
27.990
29.619

78.950
78.043
77.124
76.195
75.253
74.298
73.329
72.346

60
65
70
75
80
85
90

72.152
78.780
85.858
93.408
101.45
110.00
119.08

0.01290
0.01301
0.01312
0.01323
0.01334
0.01347
0.01359

0.66195
0.60671
0.55681
0.51165
0.47069
0.43348
0.39959

31.258
32.908
34.567
36.237
37.919
39.612
41.317

95
100
105
110
115

128.72
138.93
149.73
161.16
173.23

0.01372
0.01386
0.01400
0.01415
0.01430

0.36869
0.34045
0.31460
0.29090
0.26913

120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210

185.96
213.53
244.06
277.79
314.94
355.80
400.66
449.90
504.00
563.76

0.01446
0.01482
0.01521
0.01567
0.01619
0.01681
0.01759
0.01860
0.02009
0.02309

0.24909
0.21356
0.18315
0.15692
0.13410
0.11405
0.09618
0.07990
0.06441
0.04722

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R
Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

97.100 97.10
96.354 97.86
95.601 98.61
94.839 99.36
94.068 100.12
93.288 100.86
92.498 101.61

0.00000
0.00355
0.00708
0.01058
0.01405
0.01749
0.02092

0.23135
0.22687
0.22248
0.21817
0.21394
0.20978
0.20569

0.23135
0.23043
0.22956
0.22875
0.22798
0.22727
0.22660

10.650
12.199
13.755
15.318
16.889

91.698
90.886
90.062
89.226
88.377

102.35
103.08
103.82
104.54
105.27

0.02431
0.02769
0.03104
0.03438
0.03769

0.20166
0.19770
0.19380
0.18996
0.18617

0.22598
0.22539
0.22485
0.22434
0.22386

97.34
98.02
98.68
99.35
100.01
100.67
101.32
101.97

18.469
20.056
21.653
23.258
24.873
26.497
28.131
29.775

87.514
86.636
85.742
84.833
83.907
82.963
82.000
81.017

105.98
106.69
107.40
108.09
108.78
109.46
110.13
110.79

0.04098
0.04426
0.04752
0.05076
0.05398
0.05720
0.06039
0.06358

0.18243
0.17874
0.17509
0.17148
0.16791
0.16437
0.16087
0.15740

0.22341
0.22300
0.22260
0.22224
0.22189
0.22157
0.22127
0.22098

71.347
70.333
69.301
68.251
67.181
66.091
64.979

102.61
103.24
103.87
104.49
105.10
105.70
106.30

31.431
33.097
34.776
36.466
38.169
39.886
41.617

80.013
78.988
77.939
76.866
75.767
74.641
73.485

111.44
112.09
112.71
113.33
113.94
114.53
115.10

0.06675
0.06991
0.07306
0.07620
0.07934
0.08246
0.08559

0.15396
0.15053
0.14713
0.14375
0.14038
0.13703
0.13368

0.22070
0.22044
0.22019
0.21995
0.21972
0.21949
0.21926

43.036
44.768
46.514
48.276
50.054

63.844
62.683
61.496
60.279
59.031

106.88
107.45
108.01
108.56
109.08

43.363
45.124
46.902
48.698
50.512

72.299
71.080
69.825
68.533
67.200

115.66
116.20
116.73
117.23
117.71

0.08870
0.09182
0.09493
0.09804
0.10116

0.13033
0.12699
0.12365
0.12029
0.11693

0.21904
0.21881
0.21858
0.21834
0.21809

51.849
55.495
59.226
63.059
67.014
71.126
75.448
80.082
85.267
91.986

57.749
55.071
52.216
49.144
45.799
42.097
37.899
32.950
26.651
16.498

109.60
110.57
111.44
112.20
112.81
113.22
113.35
113.03
111.92
108.48

52.346
56.080
59.913
63.864
67.958
72.233
76.752
81.631
87.140
94.395

65.823
62.924
59.801
56.405
52.671
48.499
43.726
38.053
30.785
19.015

118.17
119.00
119.71
120.27
120.63
120.73
120.48
119.68
117.93
113.41

0.10428
0.11054
0.11684
0.12321
0.12970
0.13634
0.14323
0.15055
0.15867
0.16922

0.11354
0.10670
0.09971
0.09251
0.08499
0.07701
0.06835
0.05857
0.04666
0.02839

0.21782
0.21724
0.21655
0.21572
0.21469
0.21335
0.21158
0.20911
0.20533
0.19761

Evap.,
hfg

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Source: Tables A11E through A13E are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner-Roth and H.D. Baehr,
An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to
455 K and Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero
at 40C (and 40F).

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 953

Appendix 2

953

TABLE A12E
Saturated refrigerant-134aPressure table
Specific volume,
ft3/lbm

Press.,
P psia

Sat.
temp.,
T F

5
10
15
20
25

Internal energy,
Btu/lbm

Enthalpy,
Btu/lbm

Entropy,
Btu/lbm R

Sat.
liquid,
vf

Sat.
vapor,
vg

Sat.
liquid,
uf

Evap.,
ufg

Sat.
vapor,
ug

Sat.
liquid,
hf

Evap.,
hfg

Sat.
vapor,
hg

Sat.
liquid,
sf

Evap.,
sfg

Sat.
vapor,
sg

53.09
29.52
14.15
2.43
7.17

0.01113
0.01144
0.01165
0.01182
0.01196

8.3785
4.3753
2.9880
2.2772
1.8429

3.918
3.135
7.803
11.401
14.377

91.280
87.453
84.893
82.898
81.231

87.36
90.59
92.70
94.30
95.61

3.907
3.156
7.835
11.445
14.432

99.022
95.528
93.155
91.282
89.701

95.11
98.68
100.99
102.73
104.13

0.00945
0.00742
0.01808
0.02605
0.03249

0.24353
0.22206
0.20908
0.19962
0.19213

0.23408
0.22948
0.22715
0.22567
0.22462

30
35
40
45
50

15.37
22.57
29.01
34.86
40.23

0.01209
0.01221
0.01232
0.01242
0.01252

1.5492
1.3369
1.1760
1.0497
0.94791

16.939
19.205
21.246
23.110
24.832

79.780
78.485
77.307
76.221
75.209

96.72
97.69
98.55
99.33
100.04

17.006
19.284
21.337
23.214
24.948

88.313
87.064
85.920
84.858
83.863

105.32
106.35
107.26
108.07
108.81

0.03793
0.04267
0.04688
0.05067
0.05413

0.18589
0.18053
0.17580
0.17158
0.16774

0.22383
0.22319
0.22268
0.22225
0.22188

55
60
65
70
75

45.20
49.84
54.20
58.30
62.19

0.01261
0.01270
0.01279
0.01287
0.01295

0.86400
0.79361
0.73370
0.68205
0.63706

26.435
27.939
29.357
30.700
31.979

74.258
73.360
72.505
71.688
70.905

100.69
101.30
101.86
102.39
102.88

26.564
28.080
29.510
30.867
32.159

82.924
82.030
81.176
80.357
79.567

109.49
110.11
110.69
111.22
111.73

0.05733
0.06029
0.06307
0.06567
0.06813

0.16423
0.16098
0.15796
0.15512
0.15245

0.22156
0.22127
0.22102
0.22080
0.22059

80
85
90
95
100

65.89
69.41
72.78
76.02
79.12

0.01303
0.01310
0.01318
0.01325
0.01332

0.59750
0.56244
0.53113
0.50301
0.47760

33.201
34.371
35.495
36.578
37.623

70.151
69.424
68.719
68.035
67.371

103.35
103.79
104.21
104.61
104.99

33.394
34.577
35.715
36.811
37.869

78.804
78.064
77.345
76.645
75.962

112.20
112.64
113.06
113.46
113.83

0.07047
0.07269
0.07481
0.07684
0.07879

0.14993
0.14753
0.14525
0.14307
0.14097

0.22040
0.22022
0.22006
0.21991
0.21976

110
120
130
140
150

85.00
90.49
95.64
100.51
105.12

0.01347
0.01360
0.01374
0.01387
0.01400

0.43347
0.39644
0.36491
0.33771
0.31401

39.612
41.485
43.258
44.945
46.556

66.091
64.869
63.696
62.564
61.467

105.70
106.35
106.95
107.51
108.02

39.886
41.787
43.589
45.304
46.945

74.641
73.371
72.144
70.954
69.795

114.53
115.16
115.73
116.26
116.74

0.08246
0.08589
0.08911
0.09214
0.09501

0.13703
0.13335
0.12990
0.12665
0.12357

0.21949
0.21924
0.21901
0.21879
0.21857

160
170
180
190
200

109.50
113.69
117.69
121.53
125.22

0.01413
0.01426
0.01439
0.01452
0.01464

0.29316
0.27466
0.25813
0.24327
0.22983

48.101
49.586
51.018
52.402
53.743

60.401
59.362
58.345
57.349
56.371

108.50
108.95
109.36
109.75
110.11

48.519
50.035
51.497
52.912
54.285

68.662
67.553
66.464
65.392
64.335

117.18
117.59
117.96
118.30
118.62

0.09774
0.10034
0.10284
0.10524
0.10754

0.12062
0.11781
0.11511
0.11250
0.10998

0.21836
0.21815
0.21795
0.21774
0.21753

220
240
260
280
300

132.21
138.73
144.85
150.62
156.09

0.01490
0.01516
0.01543
0.01570
0.01598

0.20645
0.18677
0.16996
0.15541
0.14266

56.310
58.746
61.071
63.301
65.452

54.458
52.591
50.757
48.945
47.143

110.77
111.34
111.83
112.25
112.60

56.917
59.419
61.813
64.115
66.339

62.256
60.213
58.192
56.184
54.176

119.17
119.63
120.00
120.30
120.52

0.11192
0.11603
0.11992
0.12362
0.12715

0.10517
0.10061
0.09625
0.09205
0.08797

0.21710
0.21665
0.21617
0.21567
0.21512

350
400
450
500

168.64
179.86
190.02
199.29

0.01672
0.01757
0.01860
0.01995

0.11664
0.09642
0.07987
0.06551

70.554
75.385
80.092
84.871

42.627
37.963
32.939
27.168

113.18
113.35
113.03
112.04

71.638
76.686
81.641
86.718

49.099
43.798
38.041
31.382

120.74
120.48
119.68
118.10

0.13542
0.14314
0.15056
0.15805

0.07814
0.06848
0.05854
0.04762

0.21356
0.21161
0.20911
0.20566

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 954

954

Thermodynamics

TABLE A13E
Superheated refrigerant-134a
T
F

v
ft3/lbm

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

P
10 psia (Tsat
29.52F)

Sat.
20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220

4.3753
4.4856
4.7135
4.9380
5.1600
5.3802
5.5989
5.8165
6.0331
6.2490
6.4642
6.6789
6.8930
7.1068

90.59
92.13
95.41
98.77
102.20
105.72
109.32
113.01
116.79
120.66
124.61
128.65
132.77
136.98

98.68
100.43
104.14
107.91
111.75
115.67
119.68
123.78
127.96
132.22
136.57
141.01
145.53
150.13

0.22948
0.23350
0.24174
0.24976
0.25761
0.26531
0.27288
0.28033
0.28767
0.29490
0.30203
0.30908
0.31604
0.32292

P
30 psia (Tsat
15.37F)

Sat.
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280

1.5492
1.5691
1.6528
1.7338
1.8130
1.8908
1.9675
2.0434
2.1185
2.1931
2.2671
2.3408
2.4141
2.4871
2.5598

Sat.
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320

0.7936
0.8179
0.8636
0.9072
0.9495
0.9908
1.0312
1.0709
1.1101
1.1489
1.1872
1.2252
1.2629
1.3004
1.3377

96.72
97.56
101.17
104.82
108.53
112.30
116.15
120.08
124.08
128.16
132.32
136.57
140.89
145.30
149.78

105.32
106.27
110.35
114.45
118.59
122.80
127.07
131.42
135.84
140.34
144.91
149.56
154.29
159.10
163.99

0.22383
0.22581
0.23414
0.24219
0.25002
0.25767
0.26517
0.27254
0.27979
0.28693
0.29398
0.30092
0.30778
0.31456
0.32126

P
60 psia (Tsat
49.84F)

101.30
103.31
107.23
111.16
115.14
119.16
123.25
127.41
131.63
135.93
140.30
144.75
149.27
153.87
158.54

110.11
112.39
116.82
121.24
125.68
130.16
134.70
139.30
143.96
148.69
153.48
158.35
163.29
168.31
173.39

0.22127
0.22570
0.23407
0.24211
0.24991
0.25751
0.26496
0.27226
0.27943
0.28649
0.29344
0.30030
0.30707
0.31376
0.32037

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

s
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm lbm R

P
15 psia (Tsat
14.15F)

v
ft3/lbm

s
u
h
Btu/
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm lbm R

P
20 psia (Tsat
2.43F)

2.9880

92.70

100.99

0.22715

2.2772

94.30

102.73

0.22567

3.1001
3.2551
3.4074
3.5577
3.7064
3.8540
4.0006
4.1464
4.2915
4.4361
4.5802
4.7239

95.08
98.48
101.95
105.50
109.13
112.84
116.63
120.51
124.48
128.53
132.66
136.88

103.68
107.52
111.41
115.38
119.42
123.54
127.74
132.02
136.39
140.84
145.37
149.99

0.23310
0.24127
0.24922
0.25700
0.26463
0.27212
0.27950
0.28677
0.29393
0.30100
0.30798
0.31487

2.2922
2.4130
2.5306
2.6461
2.7600
2.8726
2.9842
3.0950
3.2051
3.3146
3.4237
3.5324

94.72
98.19
101.70
105.28
108.93
112.66
116.47
120.37
124.35
128.41
132.55
136.78

103.20
107.12
111.07
115.07
119.15
123.29
127.52
131.82
136.21
140.67
145.22
149.85

0.22671
0.23504
0.24311
0.25097
0.25866
0.26621
0.27363
0.28093
0.28812
0.29521
0.30221
0.30912

P
40 psia (Tsat
29.01F)

P
50 psia (Tsat
40.23F)

1.1760

98.55

107.26

0.22268

0.9479

100.04

108.81

0.22188

1.2126
1.2768
1.3389
1.3995
1.4588
1.5173
1.5750
1.6321
1.6887
1.7449
1.8007
1.8562
1.9114

100.61
104.34
108.11
111.93
115.82
119.78
123.81
127.91
132.10
136.36
140.70
145.12
149.61

109.58
113.79
118.02
122.29
126.62
131.01
135.47
140.00
144.60
149.27
154.03
158.86
163.76

0.22738
0.23565
0.24363
0.25140
0.25900
0.26644
0.27375
0.28095
0.28803
0.29501
0.30190
0.30871
0.31543

1.0019
1.0540
1.1043
1.1534
1.2015
1.2488
1.2955
1.3416
1.3873
1.4326
1.4776
1.5223

103.84
107.68
111.55
115.48
119.47
123.53
127.66
131.87
136.15
140.50
144.93
149.44

113.11
117.43
121.77
126.16
130.59
135.09
139.65
144.28
148.98
153.76
158.60
163.53

0.23031
0.23847
0.24637
0.25406
0.26159
0.26896
0.27621
0.28333
0.29036
0.29728
0.30411
0.31086

P
70 psia (Tsat
58.30F)

0.6821
0.6857
0.7271
0.7662
0.8037
0.8401
0.8756
0.9105
0.9447
0.9785
1.0118
1.0449
1.0776
1.1101
1.1424

102.39
102.73
106.76
110.76
114.78
118.85
122.97
127.15
131.40
135.71
140.10
144.56
149.10
153.71
158.39

111.22
111.62
116.18
120.68
125.19
129.73
134.31
138.94
143.63
148.39
153.21
158.10
163.06
168.09
173.19

0.22080
0.22155
0.23016
0.23836
0.24628
0.25398
0.26149
0.26885
0.27607
0.28317
0.29015
0.29704
0.30384
0.31055
0.31718

P
80 psia (Tsat
65.89F)

0.59750

103.35

112.20

0.22040

0.62430
0.66009
0.69415
0.72698
0.75888
0.79003
0.82059
0.85065
0.88030
0.90961
0.93861
0.96737
0.99590

106.26
110.34
114.42
118.52
122.68
126.89
131.16
135.49
139.90
144.37
148.92
153.54
158.24

115.51
120.11
124.69
129.29
133.91
138.58
143.31
148.09
152.93
157.84
162.82
167.86
172.98

0.22661
0.23499
0.24304
0.25083
0.25841
0.26583
0.27310
0.28024
0.28726
0.29418
0.30100
0.30773
0.31438

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 955

Appendix 2

955

TABLE A13E
Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded )
T
F

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

h
Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
90 psia (Tsat
72.78F)

Sat.
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320

0.53113
0.54388
0.57729
0.60874
0.63885
0.66796
0.69629
0.72399
0.75119
0.77796
0.80437
0.83048
0.85633
0.88195

104.21
105.74
109.91
114.04
118.19
122.38
126.62
130.92
135.27
139.69
144.19
148.75
153.38
158.08

113.06
114.80
119.52
124.18
128.83
133.51
138.22
142.97
147.78
152.65
157.58
162.58
167.64
172.77

0.22006
0.22330
0.23189
0.24008
0.24797
0.25563
0.26311
0.27043
0.27762
0.28468
0.29162
0.29847
0.30522
0.31189

P
140 psia (Tsat
100.50F)

Sat.
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360

0.33771
0.36243
0.38551
0.40711
0.42766
0.44743
0.46657
0.48522
0.50345
0.52134
0.53895
0.55630
0.57345
0.59041

107.51
111.96
116.41
120.81
125.22
129.65
134.12
138.64
143.21
147.85
152.54
157.30
162.13
167.02

116.26
121.35
126.40
131.36
136.30
141.24
146.21
151.21
156.26
161.35
166.50
171.71
176.98
182.32

0.21879
0.22773
0.23628
0.24443
0.25227
0.25988
0.26730
0.27455
0.28166
0.28864
0.29551
0.30228
0.30896
0.31555

P
200 psia (Tsat
125.22F)

Sat.
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360

0.22983
0.24541
0.26412
0.28115
0.29704
0.31212
0.32658
0.34054
0.35410
0.36733
0.38029
0.39300
0.40552

110.11
113.85
118.66
123.35
128.00
132.64
137.30
141.99
146.72
151.50
156.33
161.22
166.17

118.62
122.93
128.44
133.76
138.99
144.19
149.38
154.59
159.82
165.09
170.40
175.77
181.18

0.21753
0.22481
0.23384
0.24229
0.25035
0.25812
0.26565
0.27298
0.28015
0.28718
0.29408
0.30087
0.30756

v
ft3/lbm

u
Btu/lbm

h
Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
100 psia (Tsat
79.12F)

0.47760
0.47906
0.51076
0.54022
0.56821
0.59513
0.62122
0.64667
0.67158
0.69605
0.72016
0.74396
0.76749
0.79079

104.99
105.18
109.45
113.66
117.86
122.08
126.35
130.67
135.05
139.49
143.99
148.57
153.21
157.93

113.83
114.05
118.90
123.65
128.37
133.09
137.85
142.64
147.47
152.37
157.32
162.34
167.42
172.56

0.21976
0.22016
0.22900
0.23733
0.24534
0.25309
0.26063
0.26801
0.27523
0.28233
0.28931
0.29618
0.30296
0.30964

P
160 psia (Tsat
109.50F)

0.29316
0.30578
0.32774
0.34790
0.36686
0.38494
0.40234
0.41921
0.43564
0.45171
0.46748
0.48299
0.49828
0.51338

108.50
111.01
115.62
120.13
124.62
129.12
133.64
138.20
142.81
147.48
152.20
156.98
161.83
166.74

117.18
120.06
125.32
130.43
135.49
140.52
145.55
150.62
155.71
160.85
166.04
171.28
176.58
181.94

0.21836
0.22337
0.23230
0.24069
0.24871
0.25645
0.26397
0.27131
0.27849
0.28554
0.29246
0.29927
0.30598
0.31260

P
300 psia (Tsat
156.09F)

v
ft3/lbm

u
h
Btu/lbm Btu/lbm

s
Btu/
lbm R

P
120 psia (Tsat
90.49F)

0.39644 106.35

115.16 0.21924

0.41013
0.43692
0.46190
0.48563
0.50844
0.53054
0.55206
0.57312
0.59379
0.61413
0.63420
0.65402

117.59
122.54
127.41
132.25
137.09
141.95
146.85
151.80
156.79
161.85
166.96
172.14

108.48
112.84
117.15
121.46
125.79
130.17
134.59
139.07
143.61
148.21
152.88
157.62

0.22362
0.23232
0.24058
0.24851
0.25619
0.26368
0.27100
0.27817
0.28521
0.29214
0.29896
0.30569

P
180 psia (Tsat
117.69F)

0.25813
0.26083
0.28231
0.30154
0.31936
0.33619
0.35228
0.36779
0.38284
0.39751
0.41186
0.42594
0.43980
0.45347

109.36
109.94
114.77
119.42
124.00
128.57
133.15
137.76
142.40
147.10
151.85
156.66
161.53
166.46

117.96
118.63
124.17
129.46
134.64
139.77
144.88
150.01
155.16
160.34
165.57
170.85
176.18
181.56

0.21795
0.21910
0.22850
0.23718
0.24540
0.25330
0.26094
0.26837
0.27562
0.28273
0.28970
0.29656
0.30331
0.30996

P
400 psia (Tsat
179.86F)

0.14266

112.60

120.52

0.21512 0.09642 113.35

120.48 0.21161

0.14656
0.16355
0.17776
0.19044
0.20211
0.21306
0.22347
0.23346
0.24310
0.25246
0.26159

113.82
119.52
124.78
129.85
134.83
139.77
144.70
149.65
154.63
159.64
164.70

121.95
128.60
134.65
140.42
146.05
151.59
157.11
162.61
168.12
173.66
179.22

0.21745
0.22802
0.23733
0.24594
0.25410
0.26192
0.26947
0.27681
0.28398
0.29098
0.29786

120.56
128.99
135.88
142.20
148.25
154.14
159.94
165.70
171.44
177.18

0.09658
0.11440
0.12746
0.13853
0.14844
0.15756
0.16611
0.17423
0.18201
0.18951

113.41
120.52
126.44
131.95
137.26
142.48
147.65
152.80
157.97
163.15

0.21173
0.22471
0.23500
0.24418
0.25270
0.26077
0.26851
0.27599
0.28326
0.29035

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 956

Thermodynamics

1000

60

55

140
50

45

40

180
35

30

24

D e n sit y

260
3000

22

1000

4.8
3.6

400

2.4
1.8
1.2
0.96
0.72

60

100

2000

/ft33
= 1 8 lb m
12
9.6
7.2

140

T = 100F

200

220

180

R-134a
400

200
100

20

40

20

0.24
0.18

20

0.12
0.096

10

1
20

60

100

180

5 40
580

0
500 .42

4 60

220

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

FIGURE A14E
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.
Reprinted by permission of American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

0.4
6

0.4
4

s=

140

0.072
0.048

0.4
2

4 20

0.4
0

0.3
8
380

0.3
4

0.3
6

340

T = 3 0 0 F

220

260

1 80

s=
60
100
1 40

te d va
p o ur
- 60
-20
20

s atu ra

0.8

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.2

0.3

20

0.3
0B
tu/l
bm
R
0.3
2

0.26

0.28

0.20
0.22
0.24

0.14
0.16
0.18

0.10
0.12

0.04
0.06
0.08

id

li q u
ate d

0.1

s atur

T = -1 0 0 F

00..00
0.02

-0.04
-0.02
-60

10

620

40

0.48
0.36

-20

Pressure, psia

100

75 l

95

90

85

2000

60
65

20
bm/ 3
ft3

20
3000

70

80

956

0.036
0.024

0.018

0.012

1
260

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 957

Appendix 2

957

TABLE A16E
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
Altitude,
ft
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
18,000
19,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000

Temperature,
F
59.00
57.22
55.43
53.65
51.87
50.09
48.30
46.52
44.74
42.96
41.17
39.39
37.61
35.83
34.05
32.26
30.48
28.70
26.92
25.14
23.36
19.79
16.23
12.67
9.12
5.55
1.99
1.58
5.14
8.70
12.2
19.4
26.5
33.6
40.7
47.8
54.9
62.0
69.2
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7

Pressure,
psia
14.7
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.7
12.5
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
9.72
9.34
8.99
8.63
8.29
7.97
7.65
7.34
7.05
6.76
6.21
5.70
5.22
4.78
4.37
3.99
3.63
3.30
3.05
2.73
2.148
1.691
1.332
1.048

Gravity,
g, ft/s2

Speed of
sound,
ft/s

Density,
lbm/ft3

Viscosity
m, lbm/ft s

32.174
32.173
32.171
32.169
32.168
32.166
32.165
32.163
32.162
32.160
32.159
32.157
32.156
32.154
32.152
32.151
32.149
32.148
32.146
32.145
32.145
32.140
32.137
32.134
32.131
32.128
32.125
32.122
32.119
32.115
32.112
32.106
32.100
32.094
32.088
32.082
32.08
32.07
32.06
32.06
32.05
32.04
32.02
32.00
31.99

1116
1115
1113
1111
1109
1107
1105
1103
1101
1099
1097
1095
1093
1091
1089
1087
1085
1083
1081
1079
1077
1073
1069
1065
1061
1057
1053
1049
1045
1041
1037
1029
1020
1012
1003
995
987
978
969
968
968
968
968
968
968

0.07647
0.07536
0.07426
0.07317
0.07210
0.07104
0.06998
0.06985
0.06792
0.06690
0.06590
0.06491
0.06393
0.06296
0.06200
0.06105
0.06012
0.05919
0.05828
0.05738
0.05648
0.05473
0.05302
0.05135
0.04973
0.04814
0.04659
0.04508
0.04361
0.04217
0.04077
0.03808
0.03553
0.03311
0.03082
0.02866
0.02661
0.02468
0.02285
0.02079
0.01890
0.01487
0.01171
0.00922
0.00726

1.202
1.199
1.196
1.193
1.190
1.186
1.183
1.180
1.177
1.173
1.170
1.167
1.164
1.160
1.157
1.154
1.150
1.147
1.144
1.140
1.137
1.130
1.124
1.117
1.110
1.104
1.097
1.090
1.083
1.076
1.070
1.056
1.042
1.028
1.014
1.000
0.986
0.971
0.956
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955















































105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

Thermal
conductivity,
Btu/h ft R
0.0146
0.0146
0.0146
0.0145
0.0145
0.0144
0.0144
0.0143
0.0143
0.0142
0.0142
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0140
0.0140
0.0139
0.0139
0.0138
0.0138
0.0137
0.0136
0.0136
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0132
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0126
0.0124
0.0122
0.0121
0.0119
0.0117
0.0115
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113

Source: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 45 latitude
and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z
0) are taken to be P
14.696 psia, T
59F,
r
0.076474 lbm/ft3, g
32.1741 ft2/s.

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 958

958

Thermodynamics

TABLE A17E
Ideal-gas properties of air
T
R

h
Btu/lbm

360
380
400
420
440
460
480
500
520
537
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
960
980
1000
1040
1080
1120
1160
1200
1240
1280
1320
1360
1400
1440
1480
1520
1560

85.97
90.75
95.53
100.32
105.11
109.90
114.69
119.48
124.27
128.10
129.06
133.86
138.66
143.47
148.28
153.09
157.92
162.73
167.56
172.39
177.23
182.08
186.94
191.81
196.69
201.56
206.46
211.35
216.26
221.18
226.11
231.06
236.02
240.98
250.95
260.97
271.03
281.14
291.30
301.52
311.79
322.11
332.48
342.90
353.37
363.89
374.47
385.08

Pr
0.3363
0.4061
0.4858
0.5760
0.6776
0.7913
0.9182
1.0590
1.2147
1.3593
1.3860
1.5742
1.7800
2.005
2.249
2.514
2.801
3.111
3.446
3.806
4.193
4.607
5.051
5.526
6.033
6.573
7.149
7.761
8.411
9.102
9.834
10.61
11.43
12.30
14.18
16.28
18.60
21.18
24.01
27.13
30.55
34.31
38.41
42.88
47.75
53.04
58.78
65.00

u
Btu/lbm

vr

s
T
Btu/lbm R R

h
Btu/lbm

Pr

u
Btu/lbm

vr

61.29
64.70
68.11
71.52
74.93
78.36
81.77
85.20
88.62
91.53
92.04
95.47
98.90
102.34
105.78
109.21
112.67
116.12
119.58
123.04
126.51
129.99
133.47
136.97
140.47
143.98
147.50
151.02
154.57
158.12
161.68
165.26
168.83
172.43
179.66
186.93
194.25
201.63
209.05
216.53
224.05
231.63
239.25
246.93
254.66
262.44
270.26
278.13

396.6
346.6
305.0
270.1
240.6
215.33
193.65
174.90
158.58
146.34
144.32
131.78
120.70
110.88
102.12
94.30
87.27
80.96
75.25
70.07
65.38
61.10
57.20
53.63
50.35
47.34
44.57
42.01
39.64
37.44
35.41
33.52
31.76
30.12
27.17
24.58
22.30
20.29
18.51
16.93
15.52
14.25
13.12
12.10
11.17
10.34
9.578
8.890

0.50369
0.51663
0.52890
0.54058
0.55172
0.56235
0.57255
0.58233
0.59173
0.59945
0.60078
0.60950
0.61793
0.62607
0.63395
0.64159
0.64902
0.65621
0.66321
0.67002
0.67665
0.68312
0.68942
0.69558
0.70160
0.70747
0.71323
0.71886
0.72438
0.72979
0.73509
0.74030
0.74540
0.75042
0.76019
0.76964
0.77880
0.78767
0.79628
0.80466
0.81280
0.82075
0.82848
0.83604
0.84341
0.85062
0.85767
0.86456

395.74
409.13
422.59
436.12
449.71
463.37
477.09
490.88
504.71
518.71
532.55
546.54
560.59
574.69
588.82
603.00
617.22
631.48
645.78
660.12
674.49
688.90
703.35
717.83
732.33
746.88
761.45
776.05
790.68
805.34
820.03
834.75
849.48
864.24
879.02
893.83
908.66
923.52
938.40
953.30
968.21
983.15
998.11
1013.1
1028.1
1043.1
1058.1
1073.2

71.13
80.89
90.95
101.98
114.0
127.2
141.5
157.1
174.0
192.3
212.1
223.5
256.6
281.4
308.1
336.8
367.6
400.5
435.7
473.3
513.5
556.3
601.9
650.4
702.0
756.7
814.8
876.4
941.4
1011
1083
1161
1242
1328
1418
1513
1613
1719
1829
1946
2068
2196
2330
2471
2618
2773
2934
3103

286.06
296.03
306.06
316.16
326.32
336.55
346.85
357.20
367.61
378.08
388.60
399.17
409.78
420.46
431.16
441.91
452.70
463.54
474.40
485.31
496.26
507.25
518.26
529.31
540.40
551.52
562.66
573.84
585.04
596.28
607.53
618.82
630.12
641.46
652.81
664.20
675.60
687.04
698.48
709.95
721.44
732.95
744.48
756.04
767.60
779.19
790.80
802.43

8.263
7.556
6.924
6.357
5.847
5.388
4.974
4.598
4.258
3.949
3.667
3.410
3.176
2.961
2.765
2.585
2.419
2.266
2.125
1.996
1.876
1.765
1.662
1.566
1.478
1.395
1.318
1.247
1.180
1.118
1.060
1.006
0.955
0.907
0.8621
0.8202
0.7807
0.7436
0.7087
0.6759
0.6449
0.6157
0.5882
0.5621
0.5376
0.5143
0.4923
0.4715

1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
3300
3350
3400
3450
3500
3550
3600
3650
3700
3750
3800
3850
3900
3950

s
Btu/lbm R
0.87130
0.87954
0.88758
0.89542
0.90308
0.91056
0.91788
0.92504
0.93205
0.93891
0.94564
0.95222
0.95919
0.96501
0.97123
0.97732
0.98331
0.98919
0.99497
1.00064
1.00623
1.01172
1.01712
1.02244
1.02767
1.03282
1.03788
1.04288
1.04779
1.05264
1.05741
1.06212
1.06676
1.07134
1.07585
1.08031
1.08470
1.08904
1.09332
1.09755
1.10172
1.10584
1.10991
1.11393
1.11791
1.12183
1.12571
1.12955

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 959

Appendix 2

959

TABLE A17E
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T
R

h
Btu/lbm

Pr

u
Btu/lbm

vr

s
Btu/lbm R

T
R

h
Btu/lbm

Pr

u
Btu/lbm

vr

s
Btu/lbm R

4000

1088.3

3280

814.06

0.4518

1.13334

4600

1270.4

6089

955.04

0.2799

1.17575

4050
4100
4150
4200
4300

1103.4
1118.5
1133.6
1148.7
1179.0

3464
3656
3858
4067
4513

825.72
837.40
849.09
860.81
884.28

0.4331
0.4154
0.3985
0.3826
0.3529

1.13709
1.14079
1.14446
1.14809
1.15522

4700
4800
4900
5000
5100

1300.9
1331.5
1362.2
1392.9
1423.6

6701
7362
8073
8837
9658

978.73
1002.5
1026.3
1050.1
1074.0

0.2598
0.2415
0.2248
0.2096
0.1956

1.18232
1.18876
1.19508
1.20129
1.20738

4400
4500

1209.4
1239.9

4997
5521

907.81
931.39

0.3262
0.3019

1.16221
1.16905

5200
5300

1454.4
1485.3

10,539
11,481

1098.0
1122.0

0.1828
0.1710

1.21336
1.21923

Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and
should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
Source: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 83233, Table A5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and
J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 960

960

Thermodynamics

TABLE A18E
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,082.0
2,221.0
2,360.0
2,498.9
2,638.0

1,486.2
1,585.5
1,684.4
1,784.0
1,883.4

41.695
42.143
42.564
42.962
43.337

1080
1100
1120
1140
1160

7,551.0
7,695.0
7,839.3
7,984.0
8,129.0

5,406.2
5,510.5
5,615.2
5,720.1
5,825.4

50.651
50.783
50.912
51.040
51.167

400
420
440
460
480

2,777.0
2,916.1
3,055.1
3,194.1
3,333.1

1,982.6
2,082.0
2,181.3
2,280.6
2,379.9

43.694
44.034
44.357
44.665
44.962

1180
1200
1220
1240
1260

8,274.4
8,420.0
8,566.1
8,712.6
8,859.3

5,931.0
6,037.0
6,143.4
6,250.1
6,357.2

51.291
51.143
51.534
51.653
51.771

500
520
537
540
560

3,472.2
3,611.3
3,729.5
3,750.3
3,889.5

2,479.3
2,578.6
2,663.1
2,678.0
2,777.4

45.246
45.519
45.743
45.781
46.034

1280
1300
1320
1340
1360

9,006.4
9,153.9
9,301.8
9,450.0
9,598.6

6,464.5
6,572.3
6,680.4
6,788.9
6,897.8

51.887
51.001
52.114
52.225
52.335

580
600
620
640
660

4,028.7
4,167.9
4,307.1
4,446.4
4,585.8

2,876.9
2,976.4
3,075.9
3,175.5
3,275.2

46.278
46.514
46.742
46.964
47.178

1380
1400
1420
1440
1460

9,747.5
9,896.9
10,046.6
10,196.6
10,347.0

7,007.0
7,116.7
7,226.7
7,337.0
7,447.6

52.444
52.551
52.658
52.763
52.867

680
700
720
740
760

4,725.3
4,864.9
5,004.5
5,144.3
5,284.1

3,374.9
3,474.8
3,574.7
3,674.7
3,774.9

47.386
47.588
47.785
47.977
48.164

1480
1500
1520
1540
1560

10,497.8
10,648.0
10,800.4
10,952.2
11,104.3

7,558.7
7,670.1
7,781.9
7,893.9
8,006.4

52.969
53.071
53.171
53.271
53.369

780
800
820
840
860

5,424.2
5,564.4
5,704.7
5,845.3
5,985.9

3,875.2
3,975.7
4,076.3
4,177.1
4,278.1

48.345
48.522
48.696
48.865
49.031

1580
1600
1620
1640
1660

11,256.9
11,409.7
11,562.8
11,716.4
11,870.2

8,119.2
8,232.3
8,345.7
8,459.6
8,573.6

53.465
53.561
53.656
53.751
53.844

880
900
920
940
960

6,126.9
6,268.1
6,409.6
6,551.2
6,693.1

4,379.4
4,480.8
4,582.6
4,684.5
4,786.7

49.193
49.352
49.507
49.659
49.808

1680
1700
1720
1740
1760

12,024.3
12,178.9
12,333.7
12,488.8
12,644.3

8,688.1
8,802.9
8,918.0
9,033.4
9,149.2

53.936
54.028
54.118
54.208
54.297

980
1000
1020
1040
1060

6,835.4
6,977.9
7,120.7
7,263.8
7,407.2

4,889.3
4,992.0
5,095.1
5,198.5
5,302.2

49.955
50.099
50.241
50.380
50.516

1780
1800
1820
1840
1860

12,800.2
12,956.3
13,112.7
13,269.5
13,426.5

9,265.3
9,381.7
9,498.4
9,615.5
9,732.8

54.385
54.472
54.559
54.645
54.729

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 961

Appendix 2

961

TABLE A18E
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

1900
1940
1980
2020
2060

13,742
14,058
14,375
14,694
15,013

9,968
10,205
10,443
10,682
10,923

54.896
55.061
55.223
55.383
55.540

3500
3540
3580
3620
3660

27,016
27,359
27,703
28,046
28,391

20,065
20,329
20,593
20,858
21,122

59.944
60.041
60.138
60.234
60.328

2100
2140
2180
2220
2260

15,334
15,656
15,978
16,302
16,626

11,164
11,406
11,649
11,893
12,138

55.694
55.846
55.995
56.141
56.286

3700
3740
3780
3820
3860

28,735
29,080
29,425
29,771
30,117

21,387
21,653
21,919
22,185
22,451

60.422
60.515
60.607
60.698
60.788

2300
2340
2380
2420
2460

16,951
17,277
17,604
17,392
18,260

12,384
12,630
12,878
13,126
13,375

56.429
56.570
56.708
56.845
56.980

3900
3940
3980
4020
4060

30,463
30,809
31,156
31,503
31,850

22,718
22,985
23,252
23,520
23,788

60.877
60.966
61.053
61.139
61.225

2500
2540
2580
2620
2660

18,590
18,919
19,250
19,582
19,914

13,625
13,875
14,127
14,379
14,631

57.112
57.243
57.372
57.499
57.625

4100
4140
4180
4220
4260

32,198
32,546
32,894
33,242
33,591

24,056
24,324
24,593
24,862
25,131

61.310
61.395
61.479
61.562
61.644

2700
2740
2780
2820
2860

20,246
20,580
20,914
21,248
21,584

14,885
15,139
15,393
15,648
15,905

57.750
57.872
57.993
58.113
58.231

4300
4340
4380
4420
4460

33,940
34,289
34,638
34,988
35,338

25,401
25,670
25,940
26,210
26,481

61.726
61.806
61.887
61.966
62.045

2900
2940
2980
3020
3060

21,920
22,256
22,593
22,930
23,268

16,161
16,417
16,675
16,933
17,192

58.348
58.463
58.576
58.688
58.800

4500
4540
4580
4620
4660

35,688
36,038
36,389
36,739
37,090

26,751
27,022
27,293
27,565
27,836

62.123
62.201
62.278
62.354
62.429

3100
3140
3180
3220
3260

23,607
23,946
24,285
24,625
24,965

17,451
17,710
17,970
18,231
18,491

58.910
59.019
59.126
59.232
59.338

4700
4740
4780
4820
4860

37,441
37,792
38,144
38,495
38,847

28,108
28,379
28,651
28,924
29,196

62.504
62.578
62.652
62.725
62.798

3300
3340
3380
3420
3460

25,306
25,647
25,989
26,331
26,673

18,753
19,014
19,277
19,539
19,802

59.442
59.544
59.646
59.747
59.846

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

39,199
40,080
40,962
41,844
42,728

29,468
30,151
30,834
31,518
32,203

62.870
63.049
63.223
63.395
63.563

Source: Tables A18E through A23E are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 83444.
Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1945).

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 962

962

Thermodynamics

TABLE A19E
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,073.5
2,212.6
2,351.7
2,490.8
2,630.0

1,477.8
1,577.1
1,676.5
1,775.9
1,875.3

44.927
45.375
45.797
46.195
46.571

1080
1100
1120
1140
1160

7,696.8
7,850.4
8,004.5
8,159.1
8,314.2

5,552.1
5,665.9
5,780.3
5,895.2
6,010.6

54.064
54.204
54.343
54.480
54.614

400
420
440
460
480

2,769.1
2,908.3
3,047.5
3,186.9
3,326.5

1,974.8
2,074.3
2,173.8
2,273.4
2,373.3

46.927
47.267
47.591
47.900
48.198

1180
1200
1220
1240
1260

8,469.8
8,625.8
8,782.4
8,939.4
9,096.7

6,126.5
6,242.8
6,359.6
6,476.9
6,594.5

54.748
54.879
55.008
55.136
55.262

500
520
537
540
560

3,466.2
3,606.1
3,725.1
3,746.2
3,886.6

2,473.2
2,573.4
2,658.7
2,673.8
2,774.5

48.483
48.757
48.982
49.021
49.276

1280
1300
1320
1340
1360

9,254.6
9,412.9
9,571.9
9,730.7
9,890.2

6,712.7
6,831.3
6,950.2
7,069.6
7,189.4

55.386
55.508
55.630
55.750
55.867

580
600
620
640
660

4,027.3
4,168.3
4,309.7
4,451.4
4,593.5

2,875.5
2,976.8
3,078.4
3,180.4
3,282.9

49.522
49.762
49.993
50.218
50.437

1380
1400
1420
1440
1460

10,050.1
10,210.4
10,371.0
10,532.0
10,693.3

7,309.6
7,430.1
7,551.1
7,672.4
7,793.9

55.984
56.099
56.213
56.326
56.437

680
700
720
740
760

4,736.2
4,879.3
5,022.9
5,167.0
5,311.4

3,385.8
3,489.2
3,593.1
3,697.4
3,802.4

50.650
50.858
51.059
51.257
51.450

1480
1500
1520
1540
1560

10,855.1
11,017.1
11,179.6
11,342.4
11,505.4

7,916.0
8,038.3
8,161.1
8,284.2
8,407.4

56.547
56.656
56.763
56.869
56.975

780
800
820
840
860

5,456.4
5,602.0
5,748.1
5,894.8
6,041.9

3,907.5
4,013.3
4,119.7
4,226.6
4,334.1

51.638
51.821
52.002
52.179
52.352

1580
1600
1620
1640
1660

11,668.8
11,832.5
11,996.6
12,160.9
12,325.5

8,531.1
8,655.1
8,779.5
8,904.1
9,029.0

57.079
57.182
57.284
57.385
57.484

880
900
920
940
960

6,189.6
6,337.9
6,486.7
6,636.1
6,786.0

4,442.0
4,550.6
4,659.7
4,769.4
4,879.5

52.522
52.688
52.852
53.012
53.170

1680
1700
1720
1740
1760

12,490.4
12,655.6
12,821.1
12,986.9
13,153.0

9,154.1
9,279.6
9,405.4
9,531.5
9,657.9

57.582
57.680
57.777
57.873
57.968

980
1000
1020
1040
1060

6,936.4
7,087.5
7,238.9
7,391.0
7,543.6

4,990.3
5,101.6
5,213.3
5,325.7
5,438.6

53.326
53.477
53.628
53.775
53.921

1780
1800
1820
1840
1860

13,319.2
13,485.8
13,652.5
13,819.6
13,986.8

9,784.4
9,911.2
10,038.2
10,165.6
10,293.1

58.062
58.155
58.247
58.339
58.428

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 963

Appendix 2

963

TABLE A19E
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

1900
1940
1980
2020
2060

14,322
14,658
14,995
15,333
15,672

10,549
10,806
11,063
11,321
11,581

58.607
58.782
58.954
59.123
59.289

3500
3540
3580
3620
3660

2100
2140
2180
2220
2260

16,011
16,351
16,692
17,036
17,376

11,841
12,101
12,363
12,625
12,888

59.451
59.612
59.770
59.926
60.077

2300
2340
2380
2420
2460

17,719
18,062
18,407
18,572
19,097

13,151
13,416
13,680
13,946
14,212

2500
2540
2580
2620
2660

19,443
19,790
20,138
20,485
20,834

2700
2740
2780
2820
2860

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

28,273
28,633
28,994
29,354
29,716

21,323
21,603
21,884
22,165
22,447

63.914
64.016
64.114
64.217
64.316

3700
3740
3780
3820
3860

30,078
30,440
30,803
31,166
31,529

22,730
23,013
23,296
23,580
23,864

64.415
64.512
64.609
64.704
64.800

60.228
60.376
60.522
60.666
60.808

3900
3940
3980
4020
4060

31,894
32,258
32,623
32,989
33,355

24,149
24,434
24,720
25,006
25,292

64.893
64.986
65.078
65.169
65.260

14,479
14,746
15,014
15,282
15,551

60.946
61.084
61.220
61.354
61.486

4100
4140
4180
4220
4260

33,722
34,089
34,456
34,824
35,192

25,580
25,867
26,155
26,144
26,733

65.350
64.439
65.527
65.615
65.702

21,183
21,533
21,883
22,232
22,584

15,821
16,091
16,362
16,633
16,905

61.616
61.744
61.871
61.996
62.120

4300
4340
4380
4420
4460

35,561
35,930
36,300
36,670
37,041

27,022
27,312
27,602
27,823
28,184

65.788
65.873
65.958
66.042
66.125

2900
2940
2980
3020
3060

22,936
23,288
23,641
23,994
24,348

17,177
17,450
17,723
17,997
18,271

62.242
62.363
62.483
62.599
62.716

4500
4540
4580
4620
4660

37,412
37,783
38,155
38,528
38,900

28,475
28,768
29,060
29,353
29,646

66.208
66.290
66.372
66.453
66.533

3100
3140
3180
3220
3260

24,703
25,057
25,413
25,769
26,175

18,546
18,822
19,098
19,374
19,651

62.831
62.945
63.057
63.169
63.279

4700
4740
4780
4820
4860

39,274
39,647
40,021
40,396
40,771

29,940
30,234
30,529
30,824
31,120

66.613
66.691
66.770
66.848
66.925

3300
3340
3380
3420
3460

26,412
26,839
27,197
27,555
27,914

19,928
20,206
20,485
20,763
21,043

63.386
63.494
63.601
63.706
63.811

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

41,146
42,086
43,021
43,974
44,922

31,415
32,157
32,901
33,648
34,397

67.003
67.193
67.380
67.562
67.743

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 964

964

Thermodynamics

TABLE A20E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,108.2
2,256.6
2,407.3
2,560.5
2,716.4

1,512.4
1,621.1
1,732.1
1,845.6
1,961.8

46.353
46.832
47.289
47.728
48.148

1080
1100
1120
1140
1160

9,575.8
9,802.6
10,030.6
10,260.1
10,490.6

7,431.1
7,618.1
7,806.4
7,996.2
8,187.0

58.072
58.281
58.485
58.689
58.889

400
420
440
460
480

2,874.7
3,035.7
3,199.4
3,365.7
3,534.7

2,080.4
2,201.7
2,325.6
2,452.2
2,581.5

48.555
48.947
49.329
49.698
50.058

1180
1200
1220
1240
1260

10,722.3
10,955.3
11,189.4
11,424.6
11,661.0

8,379.0
8,572.3
8,766.6
8,962.1
9,158.8

59.088
59.283
59.477
59.668
59.858

500
520
537
540
560

3,706.2
3,880.3
4,027.5
4,056.8
4,235.8

2,713.3
2,847.7
2,963.8
2,984.4
3,123.7

50.408
50.750
51.032
51.082
51.408

1280
1300
1320
1340
1360

11,898.4
12,136.9
12,376.4
12,617.0
12,858.5

9,356.5
9,555.3
9,755.0
9,955.9
10,157.7

60.044
60.229
60.412
60.593
60.772

580
600
620
640
660

4,417.2
4,600.9
4,786.6
4,974.9
5,165.2

3,265.4
3,409.4
3,555.6
3,704.0
3,854.6

51.726
52.038
52.343
52.641
52.934

1380
1400
1420
1440
1460

13,101.0
13,344.7
13,589.1
13,834.5
14,080.8

10,360.5
10,564.5
10,769.2
10,974.8
11,181.4

60.949
61.124
61.298
61.469
61.639

680
700
720
740
760

5,357.6
5,552.0
5,748.4
5,946.8
6,147.0

4,007.2
4,161.9
4,318.6
4,477.3
4,637.9

53.225
53.503
53.780
54.051
54.319

1480
1500
1520
1540
1560

14,328.0
14,576.0
14,824.9
15,074.7
15,325.3

11,388.9
11,597.2
11,806.4
12,016.5
12,227.3

61.800
61.974
62.138
62.302
62.464

780
800
820
840
860

6,349.1
6,552.9
6,758.3
6,965.7
7,174.7

4,800.1
4,964.2
5,129.9
5,297.6
5,466.9

54.582
54.839
55.093
55.343
55.589

1580
1600
1620
1640
1660

15,576.7
15,829.0
16,081.9
16,335.7
16,590.2

12,439.0
12,651.6
12,864.8
13,078.9
13,293.7

62.624
62.783
62.939
63.095
63.250

880
900
920
940
960

7,385.3
7,597.6
7,811.4
8,026.8
8,243.8

5,637.7
5,810.3
5,984.4
6,160.1
6,337.4

55.831
56.070
56.305
56.536
56.765

1680
1700
1720
1740
1760

16,845.5
17,101.4
17,358.1
17,615.5
17,873.5

13,509.2
13,725.4
13,942.4
14,160.1
14,378.4

63.403
63.555
63.704
63.853
64.001

980
1000
1020
1040
1060

8,462.2
8,682.1
8,903.4
9,126.2
9,350.3

6,516.1
6,696.2
6,877.8
7,060.9
7,245.3

56.990
57.212
57.432
57.647
57.861

1780
1800
1820
1840
1860

18,132.2
18,391.5
18,651.5
18,912.2
19,173.4

14,597.4
14,816.9
15,037.2
15,258.2
15,479.7

64.147
64.292
64.435
64.578
64.719

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 965

Appendix 2

965

TABLE A20E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded )
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

1900
1940
1980
2020
2060

19,698
20,224
20,753
21,284
21,818

15,925
16,372
16,821
17,273
17,727

64.999
65.272
65.543
65.809
66.069

3500
3540
3580
3620
3660

2100
2140
2180
2220
2260

22,353
22,890
23,429
23,970
24,512

18,182
18,640
19,101
19,561
20,024

66.327
66.581
66.830
67.076
67.319

2300
2340
2380
2420
2460

25,056
25,602
26,150
26,699
27,249

20,489
20,955
21,423
21,893
22,364

2500
2540
2580
2620
2660

27,801
28,355
28,910
29,465
30,023

2700
2740
2780
2820
2860

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

41,965
42,543
43,121
43,701
44,280

35,015
35,513
36,012
36,512
37,012

73.462
73.627
73.789
73.951
74.110

3700
3740
3780
3820
3860

44,861
45,442
46,023
46,605
47,188

37,513
38,014
38,517
39,019
39,522

74.267
74.423
74.578
74.732
74.884

67.557
67.792
68.025
68.253
68.479

3900
3940
3980
4020
4060

47,771
48,355
48,939
49,524
50,109

40,026
40,531
41,035
41,541
42,047

75.033
75.182
75.330
75.477
75.622

22,837
23,310
23,786
24,262
24,740

68.702
68.921
69.138
69.352
69.563

4100
4140
4180
4220
4260

50,695
51,282
51,868
52,456
53,044

42,553
43,060
43,568
44,075
44,584

75.765
75.907
76.048
76.188
76.327

30,581
31,141
31,702
32,264
32,827

25,220
25,701
26,181
26,664
27,148

69.771
69.977
70.181
70.382
70.580

4300
4340
4380
4420
4460

53,632
54,221
54,810
55,400
55,990

45,093
45,602
46,112
46,622
47,133

76.464
76.601
76.736
76.870
77.003

2900
2940
2980
3020
3060

33,392
33,957
34,523
35,090
35,659

27,633
28,118
28,605
29,093
29,582

70.776
70.970
71.160
71.350
71.537

4500
4540
4580
4620
4660

56,581
57,172
57,764
58,356
58,948

47,645
48,156
48,668
49,181
49,694

77.135
77.266
77.395
77.581
77.652

3100
3140
3180
3220
3260

36,228
36,798
37,369
37,941
38,513

30,072
30,562
31,054
31,546
32,039

71.722
71.904
72.085
72.264
72.441

4700
4740
4780
4820
4860

59,541
60,134
60,728
61,322
61,916

50,208
50,721
51,236
51,750
52,265

77.779
77.905
78.029
78.153
78.276

3300
3340
3380
3420
3460

39,087
39,661
40,236
40,812
41,388

32,533
33,028
33,524
34,020
34,517

72.616
72.788
72.960
73.129
73.297

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

62,511
64,000
65,491
66,984
68,471

52,781
54,071
55,363
56,658
57,954

78.398
78.698
78.994
79.284
79.569

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 966

966

Thermodynamics

TABLE A21E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide,
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

CO
_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,081.9
2,220.9
2,359.9
2,498.8
2,637.9

1,486.1
1,585.4
1,684.7
1,783.9
1,883.3

43.223
43.672
44.093
44.490
44.866

1080
1100
1120
1140
1160

7,571.1
7,716.8
7,862.9
8,009.2
8,156.1

5,426.4
5,532.3
5,638.7
5,745.4
5,851.5

52.203
52.337
52.468
52.598
52.726

400
420
440
460
480

2,776.9
2,916.0
3,055.0
3,194.0
3,333.0

1,982.6
2,081.9
2,181.2
2,280.5
2,379.8

45.223
45.563
45.886
46.194
46.491

1180
1200
1220
1240
1260

8,303.3
8,450.8
8,598.8
8,747.2
8,896.0

5,960.0
6,067.8
6,176.0
6,284.7
6,393.8

52.852
52.976
53.098
53.218
53.337

500
520
537
540
560

3,472.1
3,611.2
3,725.1
3,750.3
3,889.5

2,479.2
2,578.6
2,663.1
2,677.9
2,777.4

46.775
47.048
47.272
47.310
47.563

1280
1300
1320
1340
1360

9,045.0
9,194.6
9,344.6
9,494.8
9,645.5

6,503.1
6,613.0
6,723.2
6,833.7
6,944.7

53.455
53.571
53.685
53.799
53.910

580
600
620
640
660

4,028.7
4,168.0
4,307.4
4,446.9
4,586.6

2,876.9
2,976.5
3,076.2
3,175.9
3,275.8

47.807
48.044
48.272
48.494
48.709

1380
1400
1420
1440
1460

9,796.6
9,948.1
10,100.0
10,252.2
10,404.8

7,056.1
7,167.9
7,280.1
7,392.6
7,505.4

54.021
54.129
54.237
54.344
54.448

680
700
720
740
760

4,726.2
4,886.0
5,006.1
5,146.4
5,286.8

3,375.8
3,475.9
3,576.3
3,676.9
3,777.5

48.917
49.120
49.317
49.509
49.697

1480
1500
1520
1540
1560

10,557.8
10,711.1
10,864.9
11,019.0
11,173.4

7,618.7
7,732.3
7,846.4
7,960.8
8,075.4

54.522
54.665
54.757
54.858
54.958

780
800
820
840
860

5,427.4
5,568.2
5,709.4
5,850.7
5,992.3

3,878.4
3,979.5
4,081.0
4,182.6
4,284.5

49.880
50.058
50.232
50.402
50.569

1580
1600
1620
1640
1660

11,328.2
11,483.4
11,638.9
11,794.7
11,950.9

8,190.5
8,306.0
8,421.8
8,537.9
8,654.4

55.056
55.154
55.251
55.347
55.411

880
900
920
940
960

6,134.2
6,276.4
6,419.0
6,561.7
6,704.9

4,386.6
4,489.1
4,592.0
4,695.0
4,798.5

50.732
50.892
51.048
51.202
51.353

1680
1700
1720
1740
1760

12,107.5
12,264.3
12,421.4
12,579.0
12,736.7

8,771.2
8,888.3
9,005.7
9,123.6
9,241.6

55.535
55.628
55.720
55.811
55.900

980
1000
1020
1040
1060

6,848.4
6,992.2
7,136.4
7,281.0
7,425.9

4,902.3
5,006.3
5,110.8
5,215.7
5,320.9

51.501
51.646
51.788
51.929
52.067

1780
1800
1820
1840
1860

12,894.9
13,053.2
13,212.0
13,371.0
13,530.2

9,360.0
9,478.6
9,597.7
9,717.0
9,836.5

55.990
56.078
56.166
56.253
56.339

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 967

Appendix 2

967

TABLE A21E
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide,
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

CO (Concluded)
_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

1900
1940
1980
2020
2060

13,850
14,170
14,492
14,815
15,139

10,077
10,318
10,560
10,803
11,048

56.509
56.677
56.841
57.007
57.161

3500
3540
3580
3620
3660

27,262
27,608
27,954
28,300
28,647

20,311
20,576
20,844
21,111
21,378

61.612
61.710
61.807
61.903
61.998

2100
2140
2180
2220
2260

15,463
15,789
16,116
16,443
16,722

11,293
11,539
11,787
12,035
12,284

57.317
57.470
57.621
57.770
57.917

3700
3740
3780
3820
3860

28,994
29,341
29,688
30,036
30,384

21,646
21,914
22,182
22,450
22,719

62.093
62.186
62.279
62.370
62.461

2300
2340
2380
2420
2460

17,101
17,431
17,762
18,093
18,426

12,534
12,784
13,035
13,287
13,541

58.062
58.204
58.344
58.482
58.619

3900
3940
3980
4020
4060

30,733
31,082
31,431
31,780
32,129

22,988
23,257
23,527
23,797
24,067

62.511
62.640
62.728
62.816
62.902

2500
2540
2580
2620
2660

18,759
19,093
19,427
19,762
20,098

13,794
14,048
14,303
14,559
14,815

58.754
58.885
59.016
59.145
59.272

4100
4140
4180
4220
4260

32,479
32,829
33,179
33,530
33,880

24,337
24,608
24,878
25,149
25,421

62.988
63.072
63.156
63.240
63.323

2700
2740
2780
2820
2860

20,434
20,771
21,108
21,446
21,785

15,072
15,330
15,588
15,846
16,105

59.398
59.521
59.644
59.765
59.884

4300
4340
4380
4420
4460

34,231
34,582
34,934
35,285
35,637

25,692
25,934
26,235
26,508
26,780

63.405
63.486
63.567
63.647
63.726

2900
2940
2980
3020
3060

22,124
22,463
22,803
23,144
23,485

16,365
16,225
16,885
17,146
17,408

60.002
60.118
60.232
60.346
60.458

4500
4540
4580
4620
4660

35,989
36,341
36,693
37,046
37,398

27,052
27,325
27,598
27,871
28,144

63.805
63.883
63.960
64.036
64.113

3100
3140
3180
3220
3260

23,826
24,168
24,510
24,853
25,196

17,670
17,932
18,195
18,458
18,722

60.569
60.679
60.787
60.894
61.000

4700
4740
4780
4820
4860

37,751
38,104
38,457
38,811
39,164

28,417
28,691
28,965
29,239
29,513

64.188
64.263
64.337
64.411
64.484

3300
3340
3380
3420
3460

25,539
25,883
26,227
26,572
26,917

18,986
19,250
19,515
19,780
20,045

61.105
61.209
61.311
61.412
61.513

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

39,518
40,403
41,289
42,176
43,063

29,787
30,473
31,161
31,849
32,538

64.556
64.735
64.910
65.082
65.252

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 968

968

Thermodynamics

TABLE A22E
Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,063.5
2,189.4
2,317.2
2,446.8
2,577.8

1,467.7
1,553.9
1,642.0
1,731.9
1,823.2

27.337
27.742
28.130
28.501
28.856

1400
1500
1600
1700
1800

9,673.8
10,381.5
11,092.5
11,807.4
12,526.8

6,893.6
7,402.7
7,915.1
8,431.4
8,952.2

37.883
38.372
38.830
39.264
39.675

400
420
440
460
480

2,710.2
2,843.7
2,978.1
3,113.5
3,249.4

1,915.8
2,009.6
2,104.3
2,200.0
2,296.2

29.195
29.520
29.833
30.133
20.424

1900
2000
2100
2200
2300

13,250.9
13,980.1
14,714.5
15,454.4
16,199.8

9,477.8
10,008.4
10,544.2
11,085.5
11,632.3

40.067
40.441
40.799
41.143
41.475

500
520
537
540
560

3,386.1
3,523.2
3,640.3
3,660.9
3,798.8

2,393.2
2,490.6
2,573.9
2,588.5
2,686.7

30.703
30.972
31.194
31.232
31.482

2400
2500
2600
2700
2800

16,950.6
17,707.3
18,469.7
19,237.8
20,011.8

12,184.5
12,742.6
13,306.4
13,876.0
14,451.4

41.794
42.104
42.403
42.692
42.973

580
600
620
640
660

3,937.1
4,075.6
4,214.3
4,353.1
4,492.1

2,785.3
2,884.1
2,983.1
3,082.1
3,181.4

31.724
31.959
32.187
32.407
32.621

2900
3000
3100
3200
3300

20,791.5
21,576.9
22,367.7
23,164.1
23,965.5

15,032.5
15,619.3
16,211.5
16,809.3
17,412.1

43.247
43.514
43.773
44.026
44.273

680
700
720
740
760

4,631.1
4,770.2
4,909.5
5,048.8
5,188.1

3,280.7
3,380.1
3,479.6
3,579.2
3,678.8

32.829
33.031
33.226
33.417
33.603

3400
3500
3600
3700
3800

24,771.9
25,582.9
26,398.5
27,218.5
28,042.8

18,019.9
18,632.4
19,249.4
19,870.8
20,496.5

44.513
44.748
44.978
45.203
45.423

780
800
820
840
860

5,327.6
5,467.1
5,606.7
5,746.3
5,885.9

3,778.6
3,878.4
3,978.3
4,078.2
4,178.0

33.784
33.961
34.134
34.302
34.466

3900
4000
4100
4200
4300

28,871.1
29,703.5
30,539.8
31,379.8
32,223.5

21,126.2
21,760.0
22,397.7
23,039.2
23,684.3

45.638
45.849
46.056
46.257
46.456

880
900
920
940
960

6,025.6
6,165.3
6,305.1
6,444.9
6,584.7

4,278.0
4,378.0
4,478.1
4,578.1
4,678.3

34.627
34.784
34.938
35.087
35.235

4400
4500
4600
4700
4800

33,070.9
33,921.6
34,775.7
35,633.0
36,493.4

24,333.1
24,985.2
25,640.7
26,299.4
26,961.2

46.651
46.842
47.030
47.215
47.396

980
1000
1100
1200
1300

6,724.6
6,864.5
7,564.6
8,265.8
8,968.7

4,778.4
4,878.6
5,380.1
5,882.8
6,387.1

35.379
35.520
36.188
36.798
37.360

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

35,356.9
38,223.3
39,092.8
39,965.1
40,840.2

27,626.1
28,294.0
28,964.9
29,638.6
30,315.1

47.574
47.749
47.921
48.090
48.257

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 969

Appendix 2

969

TABLE A23E
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O
_
_
T
h
u
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

300
320
340
360
380

2,367.6
2,526.8
2,686.0
2,845.1
3,004.4

1,771.8
1,891.3
2,010.8
2,130.2
2,249.8

40.439
40.952
41.435
41.889
42.320

1080
1100
1120
1140
1160

8,768.2
8,942.0
9,116.4
9,291.4
9,467.1

6,623.5
6,757.5
6,892.2
7,027.5
7,163.5

50.854
51.013
51.171
51.325
51.478

400
420
440
460
480

3,163.8
3,323.2
3,482.7
3,642.3
3,802.0

2,369.4
2,489.1
2,608.9
2,728.8
2,848.8

42.728
43.117
43.487
43.841
44.182

1180
1200
1220
1240
1260

9,643.4
9,820.4
9,998.0
10,176.1
10,354.9

7,300.1
7,437.4
7,575.2
7,713.6
7,852.7

51.360
51.777
51.925
52.070
52.212

500
520
537
540
560

3,962.0
4,122.0
4,258.0
4,282.4
4,442.8

2,969.1
3,089.4
3,191.9
3,210.0
3,330.7

44.508
44.821
45.079
45.124
45.415

1280
1300
1320
1340
1360

10,534.4
10,714.5
10,895.3
11,076.6
11,258.7

7,992.5
8,132.9
8,274.0
8,415.5
8,557.9

52.354
52.494
52.631
52.768
52.903

580
600
620
640
660

4,603.7
4,764.7
4,926.1
5,087.8
5,250.0

3,451.9
3,573.2
3,694.9
3,816.8
3,939.3

45.696
45.970
46.235
46.492
46.741

1380
1400
1420
1440
1460

11,441.4
11,624.8
11,808.8
11,993.4
12,178.8

8,700.9
8,844.6
8,988.9
9,133.8
9,279.4

53.037
53.168
53.299
53.428
53.556

680
700
720
740
760

5,412.5
5,575.4
5,738.8
5,902.6
6,066.9

4,062.1
4,185.3
4,309.0
4,433.1
4,557.6

46.984
47.219
47.450
47.673
47.893

1480
1500
1520
1540
1560

12,364.8
12,551.4
12,738.8
12,926.8
13,115.6

9,425.7
9,572.7
9,720.3
9,868.6
10,017.6

53.682
53.808
53.932
54.055
54.117

780
800
820
840
860

6,231.7
6,396.9
6,562.6
6,728.9
6,895.6

4,682.7
4,808.2
4,934.2
5,060.8
5,187.8

48.106
48.316
48.520
48.721
48.916

1580
1600
1620
1640
1660

13,305.0
13,494.4
13,685.7
13,877.0
14,069.2

10,167.3
10,317.6
10,468.6
10,620.2
10,772.7

54.298
54.418
54.535
54.653
54.770

880
900
920
940
960

7,062.9
7,230.9
7,399.4
7,568.4
7,738.0

5,315.3
5,443.6
5,572.4
5,701.7
5,831.6

49.109
49.298
49.483
49.665
49.843

1680
1700
1720
1740
1760

14,261.9
14,455.4
14,649.5
14,844.3
15,039.8

10,925.6
11,079.4
11,233.8
11,388.9
11,544.7

54.886
54.999
55.113
55.226
55.339

980
1000
1020
1040
1060

7,908.2
8,078.2
8,250.4
8,422.4
8,595.0

5,962.0
6,093.0
6,224.8
6,357.1
6,490.0

50.019
50.191
50.360
50.528
50.693

1780
1800
1820
1840
1860

15,236.1
15,433.0
15,630.6
15,828.7
16,027.6

11,701.2
11,858.4
12,016.3
12,174.7
12,333.9

55.449
55.559
55.668
55.777
55.884

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 970

970

Thermodynamics

TABLE A23E
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s
R
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol
Btu/lbmol R

T
R

1900
1940
1980
2020
2060

16,428
16,830
17,235
17,643
18,054

12,654
12,977
13,303
13,632
13,963

56.097
56.307
56.514
56.719
56.920

3500
3540
3580
3620
3660

34,324
34,809
35,296
35,785
36,274

27,373
27,779
28,187
28,596
29,006

62.876
63.015
63.153
63.288
63.423

2100
2140
2180
2220
2260

18,467
18,883
19,301
19,722
20,145

14,297
14,633
14,972
15,313
15,657

57.119
57.315
57.509
57.701
57.889

3700
3740
3780
3820
3860

36,765
37,258
37,752
38,247
38,743

29,418
29,831
30,245
30,661
31,077

63.557
63.690
63.821
63.952
64.082

2300
2340
2380
2420
2460

20,571
20,999
21,429
21,862
22,298

16,003
16,352
16,703
17,057
17,413

58.077
58.261
58.445
58.625
58.803

3900
3940
3980
4020
4060

39,240
39,739
40,239
40,740
41,242

31,495
31,915
32,335
32,757
33,179

64.210
64.338
64.465
64.591
64.715

2500
2540
2580
2620
2660

22,735
23,175
23,618
24,062
24,508

17,771
18,131
18,494
18,859
19,226

58.980
59.155
59.328
59.500
59.669

4100
4140
4180
4220
4260

41,745
42,250
42,755
43,267
43,769

33,603
34,028
34,454
34,881
35,310

64.839
64.962
65.084
65.204
65.325

2700
2740
2780
2820
2860

24,957
25,408
25,861
26,316
26,773

19,595
19,967
20,340
20,715
21,093

59.837
60.003
60.167
60.330
60.490

4300
4340
4380
4420
4460

44,278
44,788
45,298
45,810
46,322

35,739
36,169
36,600
37,032
37,465

65.444
65.563
65.680
65.797
65.913

2900
2940
2980
3020
3060

27,231
27,692
28,154
28,619
29,085

21,472
21,853
22,237
22,621
23,085

60.650
60.809
60.965
61.120
61.274

4500
4540
4580
4620
4660

46,836
47,350
47,866
48,382
48,899

37,900
38,334
38,770
39,207
39,645

66.028
66.142
66.255
66.368
66.480

3100
3140
3180
3220
3260

29,553
30,023
30,494
30,967
31,442

23,397
23,787
24,179
24,572
24,968

61.426
61.577
61.727
61.874
62.022

4700
4740
4780
4820
4860

49,417
49,936
50,455
50,976
51,497

40,083
40,523
40,963
41,404
41,856

66.591
66.701
66.811
66.920
67.028

3300
3340
3380
3420
3460

31,918
32,396
32,876
33,357
33,839

25,365
25,763
26,164
26,565
26,968

62.167
62.312
62.454
62.597
62.738

4900
5000
5100
5200
5300

52,019
53,327
54,640
55,957
57,279

42,288
43,398
44,512
45,631
46,754

67.135
67.401
67.662
67.918
68.172

_
h
Btu/lbmol

_
u
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 971

Appendix 2
TABLE A26E
Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation,
77F, 1 atm
_
hf
Substance
Formula
Btu/lbmol

and absolute entropy at

_
gf
Btu/lbmol

_
s
Btu/lbmol R

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Water
Hydrogen peroxide
Ammonia
Methane
Acetylene
Ethylene
Ethane
Propylene
Propane
n-Butane
n-Octane
n-Octane
n-Dodecane
Benzene
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Hydroxyl

0
0
0
0
59,010
169,680
98,350
102,040
45,430
7,140
21,860
87,990
29,306
14,150
26,980
10,105
6,760
7,110
2,840
21,570
55,780
69,700
71,570
72,520
75,240
99,710
87,460
195,970
14,750

1.36
31.21
45.77
49.00
47.21
51.07
45.11
16.71
55.60
45.97
44.49
48.00
52.54
54.85
63.80
64.51
74.11
111.55
86.23
148.86
64.34
57.29
30.30
67.54
38.40
38.47
27.39
36.61
43.92

C(s)
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2(g)
CO(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
H2O(
)
H2O2(g)
NH3(g)
CH4(g)
C2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
C2H6(g)
C3H6(g)
C3H8(g)
C4H10(g)
C8H18(g)
C8H18(
)
C12H26(g)
C6H6(g)
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(
)
C2H5OH(g)
C2H5OH(
)
O(g)
H(g)
N(g)
OH(g)

0
0
0
0
47,540
169,300
104,040
122,970
58,640
19,750
32,210
97,540
22,490
36,420
8,790
44,680
54,270
89,680
107,530
125,190
35,680
86,540
102,670
101,230
119,470
107,210
93,780
203,340
16,790

Source: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971), Selected
Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and API
Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).

971

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:02 PM Page 972

972

Thermodynamics

TABLE A27E
Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar
mass,
lbm/lbmol

Carbon (s)
Hydrogen (g)
Carbon monoxide (g)
Methane (g)
Methanol (
)
Acetylene (g)
Ethane (g)
Ethanol (
)
Propane (
)
Butane (
)
1-Pentene (
)
Isopentane (
)
Benzene (
)
Hexene (
)
Hexane (
)
Toluene (
)
Heptane (
)
Octane (
)
Decane (
)
Gasoline (
)
Light diesel (
)
Heavy diesel (
)
Natural gas (g)

C
H2
CO
CH4
CH4O
C2H2
C2H6
C2H6O
C3H8
C4H10
C5H10
C5H12
C6H6
C6H12
C6H14
C7H8
C7H16
C8H18
C10H22
CnH1.87n
CnH1.8n
CnH1.7n
CnH3.8nN0.1n

12.011
2.016
28.013
16.043
32.042
26.038
30.070
46.069
44.097
58.123
70.134
72.150
78.114
84.161
86.177
92.141
100.204
114.231
142.285
100110
170
200
18

Density,1
lbm/ft3
125

49.3

49.3
31.2
36.1
40.0
39.1
54.7
42.0
41.2
54.1
42.7
43.9
45.6
4549
4952
5155

1At

1 atm and 68F.

2At

77F for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels.

3At

77F. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in Btu/lbmol.

Enthalpy of
vaporization,2
Btu/lbm

219
502

74
395
144
156
156

186
169
157
177
157
156
155
151
116
99

Specific
heat,1 cp
Btu/
lbm F

Higher
heating
value,3
Btu/lbm

Lower
heating
value,3
Btu/lbm

0.169
3.44
0.251
0.525
0.604
0.404
0.418
0.583
0.662
0.578
0.525
0.554
0.411
0.439
0.542
0.408
0.535
0.533
0.528
0.57
0.53
0.45
0.48

14,100
60,970
4,340
23,880
9,740
21,490
22,320
12,760
21,640
21,130
20,540
20,890
17,970
20,430
20,770
18,230
20,680
20,590
20,490
20,300
19,800
19,600
21,500

14,100
51,600
4,340
21,520
8,570
20,760
20,430
11,530
19,930
19,510
19,190
19,310
17,240
19,090
19,240
17,420
19,180
19,100
19,020
18,900
18,600
18,400
19,400

0.4

0.

35

30

40

45

50

45

55

30

12.
5
10

25

En

tu

50

,B
py

l
ha

60

35

nd

ou

p
er

ry

d
of

55

ai

65

40

0.2

65
%

30%

0%

70

80

midity
ative hu

20

10% Rel

20%

75

Dry bulb temperature, F

50

60

70

80

85
F
We
t bu
lb t
e mp
e ra t

ure

25

.002

.004

.006

.008

.010

.012

.014

.016

.018

.020

.022

.024

.026

.028

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

90

13.
5
70

From the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, GA: used with permission.

15

60

70

75

45

85

90

15.

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.

25

30

35

15

20

1000
Enthalpy
h
=
Humidity ratio


QS
Sensible heat

=
QT
Total heat

50

60

Appendix 2

FIGURE A31E
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.

00

15

0.6
0.5

2.0
4.0

2 4.0
.0
1
.0

1000
0

1.0

60

1.0
0.8

tem

65

0.1

35

tu
Sa

ra
ti

on

F
re

pe
r

atu

Sea Level

40

55

u
Vol

110

1992 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

45

50

50

%
80

200

75

000
5000 3
0.1

80

.5
0 0.4
.3
0
0.2

13.
55

0
85

14.
90

95

er l

Dry bulb temperature F

t. p

100

u. f
a
dry

115

,c
me

105

ir

120

ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1

Normal Temperature
Barometric Pressure: 29.921 inches of mercury

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:03 PM Page 973

973

14.
5

Humidity ratio, pounds moisture per pound dry air

cen84959_ap02.qxd 4/27/05 3:03 PM Page 974