Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jeff Tiller, PE
Coordinator of Construction Technology program at Appalachian State University Director of Southface - North Carolina office 828-262-6355/ FAX 828-264-2333 P.O. 348, 904 W. King Street, Boone, NC 28607 tillerjs@appstate.edu
Historical Minimum Ventilation Historical Minimum Ventilation Rates (cfm/person) Rates (cfm/person)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 05 12 19 26 33 40 47 54 61 68 75 82 89 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 96
Smoking 62-89
Tredgold 1836
Ventilation Ventilation
Why Ventilate?
Humidity control
Reduce excessive moisture harmful to the building structure Reduce excessive moisture that is a source of mold and mildew growth
Provision promotes ventilation No upper limit placed on outdoor air ventilation Ventilation directly impacts load calculations and equipment sizing Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops 4
Example Spaces: Commercial laundry Commercial dry cleaner Dining rooms Bar, cocktail lounge Kitchen (cooking) Enclosed parking garage Hotel lobbies Conference rooms Gambling casinos Offices Smoking lounge Retail stores (street level) Barber shops Reducing salons Pet shops Darkrooms Bank vaults Classrooms Hospital patient rooms Operating rooms Cells in correctional facilities Dining halls in correctional facilities
ASHRAE 62 ASHRAE 62 requirements (both requirements (both 1989 and 2001) 1989 and 2001)
cfm/ sq ft
1.5
0.3 15 15 1 0.5
5 50 10 20 20 100
15 15 25 30 20 15
Consider designs that provide separate systems for ventilation and space conditioning. Utilize heat recovery systems to reduce Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops
Recommendations for Ventilation Recommendations for Ventilation Controls Using CO2 Sensing Controls Using CO2 Sensing System System
Determine design ventilation rate based on total occupancy Locate CO2 sensor in conditioned space/ return; for systems serving multiple rooms, locate sensor in critical area CO2 concentration setpoint: CR= COA + 8400 * m / Rp CR = concentration in room; COA = concentration in outside air; m= metablic rate (1.0 for seated, quiet; 1.4 for filing, standing); Rp = cfm rate per person High Performance Home Workshops 8 Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/
ASHRAE 62-1989: 15 cfm per person; 0.35 natural air changes per hour (number of occupants = # bedrooms +1) ASHRAE 62-2001: stays the same, but ASHRAE 62.2 (residential): minimum ventilation cfm = 7.5*(# bedrms+1)+(0.01*house area in ft2) Bathroom exhaust: 50 cfm Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops intermittent
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Exhaust-Only Ventilation Exhaust-Only Ventilation Using Spot Fans Using Spot Fans
Ventilation controller
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Ventilation controller
Spot Fans with Make-Up Air Spot Fans with Make-Up Air
Ventilation controller
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Central Exhaust with Make-Up Central Exhaust with Make-Up Air Air
Central exhaust fan
Bath
Kitchen
Heat exchanger
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High Performance Buildings High Performance Buildings Have Ventilation Systems Have Ventilation Systems
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North Carolina High Performance North Carolina High Performance Affordable Homes Ventilation Affordable Homes Ventilation
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AirCycler is a low cost device attached to the air handler cabinet and connected to the low-voltage thermostat wiring block inside the air handler. By periodically operating the central heating and cooling system fan, AirCycler improves the effectiveness of the temperature control, humidity and filtration system in a house.
Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops
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Impact of Ventilation on Energy Impact of Ventilation on Energy Costs (Raleigh --- $/year) Costs (Raleigh --- $/year)
cfm of ventilation -- on 12 hours per day no 25 50 100 150 200 ventilation $ 393 $ 395 $ 398 $ 402 $ 407 $ 411 237 238 241 247 254 260 366 366 366 366 366 366 449 449 449 449 449 449 120 120 120 120 120 120 $ 1,565 $ 1,568 $ 1,574 $ 1,584 $ 1,596 $ 1,606 $ 3 $ 9 $ 19 $ 31 $ 41
heating cooling hot water appliances service charge total net change from none
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Part of State Building Code in a few states Energy Star Home Programs in some states Energy Star - IAQ LEED -- commercial and residential Green Building Programs High Performance Home Programs Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops 26
Energy Efficiency Programs Energy Efficiency Programs with with Residential Ventilation Residential Ventilation Standards Standards
NC Statewide Residential NC Statewide Residential Efficiency Program A Efficiency Program A Partnership Partnership NCs Electric and Gas
Utilities North Carolina Homebuilders Association and North Carolinas builders and contractors Certified Home Energy Raters Building Product Suppliers Advanced Energy Corporation North Carolina Solar Center Southface - North Carolina ASU Energy Center Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops
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Air leakage blower door Gauges for pressure problems Duct leakage duct testing fan Ventilation system air flow You dont know til you test
Southface Energy Institute/Tennessee Energy Code/ High Performance Home Workshops
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